Venezuela. Economic Structure, Economic Policy and International Economic Relations

Venezuela. Economic Structure, Economic Policy and International Economic Relations
Author: Lena B.
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 47
Release: 2017-08-23
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3668509352

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Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 1,3, Wiesbaden University of Applied Sciences (Wiesbaden Business School), language: English, abstract: This paper is about the South American country Venezuela. It starts by giving a basic overview, followed by the Economic Policy. Venezuela is still a developing country, so there is information about the development policy efforts to improve. Furthermore I wrote about the grade of governmental interference in economy and how the Venezuelan government carries out fiscal, monetary and foreign exchange policy. In the fourth chapter, you learn about the current macroeconomic situation concerning the GDP situation, unemployment and especially about the extremely high inflation. After that the economic structure of Venezuela is described by subdividing it to the agricultural, industrial and service sector and a conclusion about the most significant branch in Venezuela, the oil industry. In the sixth chapter the international economic relations of Venezuela are presented by showing the main trade partners and the products which exchanged. Moreover the attractiveness for FDI is examined and I give a description about the reasons for emigration and besides about Venezuela’s participation in customs unions and free trade areas. I conclude the paper by giving my personal opinion about Venezuela’s major problems and potentials.

Society and Economy in Venezuela

Society and Economy in Venezuela
Author: Vitor Eduardo Schincariol
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 142
Release: 2020-10-28
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 3030600831

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This book presents an overview of the economic policies adopted by the Bolivarian governments of Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela between 1998 and 2018, and the economic and social results of these policies. The recent history of Venezuela has attracted much attention due to Chávez’s and Maduro’s self-declared search for socialism since the beginning of the 21st century and the economic trajectory of the country in this period, which experienced significant economic growth during the international oil boom in the first decade of the century, followed by a huge economic crisis in the second decade. The volume adopts an economic history approach, taking into account both economic and social variables to analyze the Venezuelan overall socio-economic performance since 1998. Drawing on official documents and statistics, as well as on the available literature, it presents an empirical analysis of Venezuelan economic and social histories during the Bolivarian period, describing and analyzing the achievements and limits of the policies adopted between 1998 and 2018. Society and Economy in Venezuela: An Overview of the Bolivarian Period (1998-2018) will be a useful introduction to sociologists, political economists, political scientists, economic historians and other social scientists interested in understanding the multiple interrelations between economy and society in Bolivarian Venezuela. “This book offers a thoughtful, committed and illuminating analysis of the socialist experiment in Venezuela. Its strengths and weaknesses are examined in unprecedented detail, in order to identify the drivers and limitation of 'socialism in the 21st century'. An essential work for scholars, students and citizens concerned with Venezuela.” – Alfredo Saad-Filho, King's College London

Paper Tigers and Minotaurs

Paper Tigers and Minotaurs
Author: Moises Naim
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Total Pages: 198
Release: 2013-01-25
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 087003295X

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Political and economic reform is at the top of national agendas around the world. This book based on Moises Naim's participation in the Venezuelan reform experience and as executive director at the World Bank raises questions and explores problems crucial to achieving national reform strategies. Naim's lucid analysis grapples with the problems of dealing with entrenched interests bent on derailing reform; allaying the corrosive effects of corruption and public outcry over inequitable burdens; coping with the political instability brought on by decimated public institutions; managing the impact of reforms on the military establishment; and mobilizing public support for measures as essential as they are painful. The heady days of revolution are gone and these and other dilemmas now confront besieged reform governments everywhere. The problem of managing these in the real world is the subject this book tackles.

Venezuela Before Chávez

Venezuela Before Chávez
Author: Ricardo Hausmann
Publisher: Penn State Press
Total Pages: 482
Release: 2015-06-13
Genre: History
ISBN: 0271064625

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At the beginning of the twentieth century, Venezuela had one of the poorest economies in Latin America, but by 1970 it had become the richest country in the region and one of the twenty richest countries in the world, ahead of countries such as Greece, Israel, and Spain. Between 1978 and 2001, however, Venezuela’s economy went sharply in reverse, with non-oil GDP declining by almost 19 percent and oil GDP by an astonishing 65 percent. What accounts for this drastic turnabout? The editors of Venezuela Before Chávez, who each played a policymaking role in the country’s economy during the past two decades, have brought together a group of economists and political scientists to examine systematically the impact of a wide range of factors affecting the economy’s collapse, from the cost of labor regulation and the development of financial markets to the weakening of democratic governance and the politics of decisions about industrial policy. Aside from the editors, the contributors are Omar Bello, Adriana Bermúdez, Matías Braun, Javier Corrales, Jonathan Di John, Rafael Di Tella, Javier Donna, Samuel Freije, Dan Levy, Robert MacCulloch, Osmel Manzano, Francisco Monaldi, María Antonia Moreno, Daniel Ortega, Michael Penfold, José Pineda, Lant Pritchett, Cameron A. Shelton, and Dean Yang.

From Windfall to Curse?

From Windfall to Curse?
Author: Jonathan Di John
Publisher: Penn State Press
Total Pages: 215
Release: 2015-12-21
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0271076909

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Since the discovery of abundant oil resources in the 1920s, Venezuela has had an economically privileged position among the nations of Latin America, which has led to its being treated by economic and political analysts as an exceptional case. In her well-known study of Venezuela’s political economy, The Paradox of Plenty (1997), Stanford political scientist Terry Karl argued that this oil wealth induced extraordinary corruption, rent-seeking, and centralized intervention that resulted in restricting productivity and growth. What this and other studies of Venezuela’s economy fail to explain, however, is how such conditions have accompanied both growth and stagnation at different periods of Venezuela’s history and why countries experiencing similar levels of corruption and rent-seeking produce divergent developmental outcomes. By investigating the record of economic development in Venezuela from 1920 to the present, Jonathan Di John shows that the key to explaining why the economy performed much better between 1920 and 1980 than in the post-1980 period is to understand how political strategies interacted with economic strategies—specifically, how politics determined state capacity at any given time and how the stage of development and development strategies affected the nature of political conflicts. In emphasizing the importance of an approach that looks at the political economy, not just at the economy alone, Di John advances the field methodologically while he contributes to a long-needed history of Venezuela’s economic performance in the twentieth century.

Venezuela

Venezuela
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 102
Release: 1998-11-04
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 145184008X

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This paper reviews economic developments in Venezuela during 1995–97. The overall public sector balance shifted from a deficit of 7 percent of GDP in 1995 to a surplus of 71⁄4 percent of GDP in 1996. This massive swing was owing to a major increase in the underlying oil surplus, a decline in the non-oil underlying deficit, and the fact that virtually no financial assistance was provided to the banking system, compared with the cumulative 161⁄2 percent of GDP provided in 1994–95 in the context of the banking crisis.

Venezuela

Venezuela
Author: Lorena Bradley
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2018-07-13
Genre: United States
ISBN: 9781536140132

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The death of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez on March 5th 2013 after 14 years of populist rule, has implications not only for Venezuela's political future, but potentially for the future of US - Venezuelan relations. This book provides a brief discussion of those implications. Venezuela is facing a political crisis under the authoritarian rule of President Nicolas Maduro, who appears to have continued to consolidate power over the political opposition in recent months. Underpinning Venezuela's political crisis is an economic crisis. Venezuela is a major oil producer and exporter, and the 2014 crash in oil prices, combined with years of economic mismanagement, hits Venezuela's economy hard. This book analyses the current economic crisis in Venezuela, arguably the most acute crisis in the global economy today, including the causes, policy responses by the government and recent developments. It also examines how the crisis affects US economic interests, including US investor's holdings of Venezuelan bonds, Venezuelan assets in the United States, US - Venezuelan trade and direct investment, and possible future involvement of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the crisis.

Venezuela and the World Bank

Venezuela and the World Bank
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 70
Release: 1992
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Venezuela joined the World Bank in 1946 and received its first loan in 1961. In the 1970s the relationship changed owing to oil price increases. Venezuela repaid its outstanding World Bank obligations and loaned some of its oil profits to the World Bank to support lending to other member countries. Then, during the 1980s, oil prices collapsed, income fell, and the situation was exacerbated by poor economic policies. Consequently, in 1989 Venezuela began to borrow again from the Bank. This booklet describes the Bank's assistance in the first stages of Venezuela's adjustment and discusses areas to strengthen the Bank's collaboration with the Venezuelan government to assist it in achieving its economic and social objectives.

Prosperity and Liberty

Prosperity and Liberty
Author: Rafael Acevedo
Publisher:
Total Pages: 170
Release: 2019-05-08
Genre:
ISBN: 9781093507034

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Prosperity & Liberty: What Venezuela needs... is a book Edited by: Rafael Acevedo, that contains essays by: Rafael Acevedo, Humberto Andrade, Leszek Balcerowicz, Walter Block, Larisa Burakova, Luis Cirocco, Alejandro Chafuén, Hugo Faría, Steve Hanke, Robert Lawson, María Lorca-Susino, Luis Marchena, Jean Minardi, Daniel Mitchell, and Benjamin Powell.Reading this book, people will understand the why and how Venezuela ended up in the most miserable country of the world, know 4 examples of countries that were like Venezuela but applying radical and real free-market reforms now are four of the most promising economies of the world, and finally people will read the only real free-market proposals to solve Venezuela's crisis. In words of the authors that you can read in this book: "When I decided to work and edit this book, I wanted to offer to the public, not only the Venezuelan, a general idea of the current situation in my country and its main cause, Socialism. I also wanted to show that there are people who have dedicated their work to analyze and propose solutions far different from the most announced - Keynesian and Socialist plans - although unfortunately, it is highly probable that one of the latter will be applied after the Venezuelans overthrown the narco-tyranny. Therefore, this book could be a proof, in the not too distant future, that there were other proposals, which really ensured long-run prosperity and freedom" (Rafael Acevedo, from the Prologue)"At a time when 'democratic' socialism is enjoying increased popularity in the United States, these two lessons are important for the readers of the English language edition of this book. Venezuela was democratic and relatively rich when it was economically free. The situation they find themselves in today is not 'normal' third world poverty nor does it have anything uniquely Latin American about it. Their loss of meaningful democratic freedom and poverty are both a necessary consequence of their adoption of socialist economic policies. Despite socialist U.S. politicians' claims to favor democracy, we can expect a similar journey down the Road to Serfdom in the United States if we adopt socialist economic policies." (Benjamin Powell, from the Foreword)"Before we offer a way out of the economic thicket in which Venezuela now finds itself in (circa 2018), let us first document its decline. Perhaps from this historical pattern, we may discern a way out of its present morass." (Walter Block, from the Chapter 1)"In order to understand the disaster unfolding in Venezuela, we need to journey through the most recent century of our history and look at how our institutions deteriorated over time." (Rafael Acevedo & Luis Cirocco, from Chapter 5)"A critical check on government is a wealthy population coupled with an impoverished government, whereby government rules but it is not an owner... patrimonial governments are fertile land to scatter the seeds of corruption, which is another growth retarding mechanism." (Hugo Faría, from Chapter 10)"Venezuela's economy has collapsed. This is the result of years of socialism, incompetence, and corruption, among other things. An important element that mirrors the economy's collapse is Venezuela's currency, the bolívar." (Steve Hanke, from Chapter 11)"Problems of distributive justice that will arise in Venezuela's transition can be divided into two large groups: those having to do with restitution to victims and those having to do with punishment for the guilty." (Alejandro Chafuén, from Chapter 16)"Getting rid of Maduro is a necessary but insufficient step towards getting Venezuela back on its feet. If Venezuela is going to get off "the road to serfdom" and back on a path towards prosperity, ... will need to give voice to Venezuela's market-oriented opposition groups..." (Benjamin Powell & Rafael Acevedo, from the Epilogue)