Variational Approach to Gravity Field Theories

Variational Approach to Gravity Field Theories
Author: Alberto Vecchiato
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 364
Release: 2017-05-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319512110

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This book offers a detailed and stimulating account of the Lagrangian, or variational, approach to general relativity and beyond. The approach more usually adopted when describing general relativity is to introduce the required concepts of differential geometry and derive the field and geodesic equations from purely geometrical properties. Demonstration of the physical meaning then requires the weak field approximation of these equations to recover their Newtonian counterparts. The potential downside of this approach is that it tends to suit the mathematical mind and requires the physicist to study and work in a completely unfamiliar environment. In contrast, the approach to general relativity described in this book will be especially suited to physics students. After an introduction to field theories and the variational approach, individual sections focus on the variational approach in relation to special relativity, general relativity, and alternative theories of gravity. Throughout the text, solved exercises and examples are presented. The book will meet the needs of both students specializing in theoretical physics and those seeking a better understanding of particular aspects of the subject.

Variational Principles in Physics

Variational Principles in Physics
Author: Jean-Louis Basdevant
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 191
Release: 2007-03-12
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0387377484

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Variational principles have proven to be surprisingly fertile. For example, Fermat used variational methods to demonstrate that light follows the fastest route from one point to another, an idea which came to be a cornerstone of geometrical optics. This book explains variational principles and charts their use throughout modern physics. It examines the analytical mechanics of Lagrange and Hamilton, the basic tools of any physicist. The book also offers simple but rich first impressions of Einstein’s General Relativity, Feynman’s Quantum Mechanics, and more that reveal amazing interconnections between various fields of physics.

Global Gravity Field Modeling from Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking Data

Global Gravity Field Modeling from Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking Data
Author: Majid Naeimi
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 181
Release: 2017-02-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319499416

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This book provides a sound theoretical basis for the the different gravity field recovery methods and the numerics of satellite-to-satellite tracking data. It represents lectures given at the ‘Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Autumn School’ in Bad Honnef, Germany, October 4-9, 2015. The emphasis of the school was on providing a sound theoretical basis for the different gravity field recovery methods and the numerics of data analysis. The approaches covered here are the variational equations (classical approach), the acceleration approach and the energy balance approach, all of which are used for global gravity field recovery on the basis of satellite observations. The theory of parameter estimation in satellite gravimetry and concepts for orbit determination are also included. The book guides readers through a broad range of topics in satellite gravimetry, supplemented by the necessary theoretical background and numerical examples. While it provides a comprehensive overview for those readers who are already familiar with satellite gravity data processing, it also offers an essential reference guide for graduate and undergraduate students interested in this field.

Particles And Quantum Fields

Particles And Quantum Fields
Author: Hagen Kleinert
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 1628
Release: 2016-05-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9814740926

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This is an introductory book on elementary particles and their interactions. It starts out with many-body Schrödinger theory and second quantization and leads, via its generalization, to relativistic fields of various spins and to gravity. The text begins with the best known quantum field theory so far, the quantum electrodynamics of photon and electrons (QED). It continues by developing the theory of strong interactions between the elementary constituents of matter (quarks). This is possible due to the property called asymptotic freedom. On the way one has to tackle the problem of removing various infinities by renormalization. The divergent sums of infinitely many diagrams are performed with the renormalization group or by variational perturbation theory (VPT). The latter is an outcome of the Feynman-Kleinert variational approach to path integrals discussed in two earlier books of the author, one representing a comprehensive treatise on path integrals, the other dealing with critial phenomena. Unlike ordinary perturbation theory, VPT produces uniformly convergent series which are valid from weak to strong couplings, where they describe critical phenomena.The present book develops the theory of effective actions which allow to treat quantum phenomena with classical formalism. For example, it derives the observed anomalous power laws of strongly interacting theories from an extremum of the action. Their fluctuations are not based on Gaussian distributions, as in the perturbative treatment of quantum field theories, or in asymptotically-free theories, but on deviations from the average which are much larger and which obey power-like distributions.Exactly solvable models are discussed and their physical properties are compared with those derived from general methods. In the last chapter we discuss the problem of quantizing the classical theory of gravity.

Gravitational Theory, from General Relativity to Unified Field Theories

Gravitational Theory, from General Relativity to Unified Field Theories
Author: Jerry G. Bails
Publisher:
Total Pages: 76
Release: 1957
Genre: Relativity (Physics)
ISBN:

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The purpose of this paper is to consider the General Theory of Relativity. Einstein's gravitational equations are solved for the static field of a single gravitating center. The equations of motion of a particle in this field are then derived. Throughout the discussion it is emphasized that the Newtonian theory remains as a limiting case of the General Theory. Further, the deflection of a ray of light just grazing the sun's limb is shown to be a conclusion of this theory, which Einstein published in 1916 in his famous memoir, "Die Grundlage der allgmeinen Relativitätstheorie". In order to reat the General Theory, it has been necessary first to develop the fundamentals of the tensor calculus. Then the equations for the geodesics are derived and simplified by introducing the Christoffel three-index symbols, whose properties are examined. The fundamental metric tensor and the Riemann-Christoffel tensor are discussed in some detail. These tensors, which measure respectively the metric properties and the Rienmannian curvature, play important roles in the natural geometry developed by Einstein. It has been found entirely satisfactory to introduce the concept of the tensor systematically from the point of view of the definite line integral. Tensor equations are characterized by the fact that they are invariant under coordinate transformations. The fundamental postulate of General Relativity requires that the laws of physics be expressed by equations which hold independently of the coordinate system selected to describe events in Minkowski space. Hence, tensors are indispensable in the formulation of such laws of physics as the law of inertia and the law of gravitation. Just as the Special Theory is clearly limited by its failure to include gravitational phenomena, the General Theory is limited by its failure to embrace Maxwell's equations. This paper discusses three attempts to develop unified field theories that would relate gravitational and electromagnetic penomena in one geometry. Weyl's early attempt to remove a hidden assumption in Riemannian geometry, and introduce the notion of gauge-invariance is sketched for the reader. Einstein's final success in developing unified field equations from a variational principle is discussed briefly, and the present research of Fantappie and Arcidiacono into a Final Relativity is outlined. These two Italian mathematicians have approached the problem of a unified theory from a consideration of the generalization of the Lorentz thransformations of Special Relativity. Their efforts provide one of the most recent approaches to the present problem.

Probabilistic Models of Cosmic Backgrounds

Probabilistic Models of Cosmic Backgrounds
Author: Anatoliy Malyarenko
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 705
Release: 2024-06-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1040021271

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Combining research methods from various areas of mathematics and physics, Probabilistic Models of Cosmic Backgrounds describes the isotropic random sections of certain fibre bundles and their applications to creating rigorous mathematical models of both discovered and hypothetical cosmic backgrounds. Previously scattered and hard-to-find mathematical and physical theories have been assembled from numerous textbooks, monographs, and research papers, and explained from different or even unexpected points of view. This consists of both classical and newly discovered results necessary for understanding a sophisticated problem of modelling cosmic backgrounds. The book contains a comprehensive description of mathematical and physical aspects of cosmic backgrounds with a clear focus on examples and explicit calculations. Its reader will bridge the gap of misunderstanding between the specialists in various theoretical and applied areas who speak different scientific languages. The audience of the book consists of scholars, students, and professional researchers. A scholar will find basic material for starting their own research. A student will use the book as supplementary material for various courses and modules. A professional mathematician will find a description of several physical phenomena at the rigorous mathematical level. A professional physicist will discover mathematical foundations for well-known physical theories.

Classical Field Theory and the Stress-Energy Tensor

Classical Field Theory and the Stress-Energy Tensor
Author: Mark S. Swanson
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Total Pages: 188
Release: 2015-10-12
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1681741210

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This book is a concise introduction to the key concepts of classical field theory for beginning graduate students and advanced undergraduate students who wish to study the unifying structures and physical insights provided by classical field theory without dealing with the additional complication of quantization. In that regard, there are many important aspects of field theory that can be understood without quantizing the fields. These include the action formulation, Galilean and relativistic invariance, traveling and standing waves, spin angular momentum, gauge invariance, subsidiary conditions, fluctuations, spinor and vector fields, conservation laws and symmetries, and the Higgs mechanism, all of which are often treated briefly in a course on quantum field theory.

Energy Research Abstracts

Energy Research Abstracts
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 592
Release: 1991
Genre: Power resources
ISBN:

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Beyond Einstein Gravity

Beyond Einstein Gravity
Author: Salvatore Capozziello
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 428
Release: 2010-11-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9789400701663

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Beyond Einstein’s Gravity is a graduate level introduction to extended theories of gravity and cosmology, including variational principles, the weak-field limit, gravitational waves, mathematical tools, exact solutions, as well as cosmological and astrophysical applications. The book provides a critical overview of the research in this area and unifies the existing literature using a consistent notation. Although the results apply in principle to all alternative gravities, a special emphasis is on scalar-tensor and f(R) theories. They were studied by theoretical physicists from early on, and in the 1980s they appeared in attempts to renormalize General Relativity and in models of the early universe. Recently, these theories have seen a new lease of life, in both their metric and metric-affine versions, as models of the present acceleration of the universe without introducing the mysterious and exotic dark energy. The dark matter problem can also be addressed in extended gravity. These applications are contributing to a deeper understanding of the gravitational interaction from both the theoretical and the experimental point of view. An extensive bibliography guides the reader into more detailed literature on particular topics.

Quantum Statistical Field Theory

Quantum Statistical Field Theory
Author: Norman J. M. Horing
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 453
Release: 2017
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0198791941

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The methods of coupled quantum field theory, which have played a major role in the extensive development of nonrelativistic quantum many-particle theory and condensed matter physics, are at the core of this book.