Using WEPP Technology to Predict Erosion and Runoff Following Wildfire

Using WEPP Technology to Predict Erosion and Runoff Following Wildfire
Author: William J. Elliot
Publisher:
Total Pages: 12
Release: 2006
Genre:
ISBN:

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Erosion following wildfire can be as much as 1000 times the erosion from an undisturbed forest. In August, 2005, the largest fire in the lower 48 states occurred in the Umatilla National Forest in Southeast Washington. Researchers from the Rocky Mountain Research Station assisted the forest in estimating soil erosion using three different applications of the WEPP model. GeoWEPP was used to determine the onsite distribution of soil erosion. WEPP Windows Watershed Version was used to estimate peak runoff rates of each of the ten small watersheds analyzed. The ERMiT interface to WEPP was used to estimate the probability of erosion amounts on selected hillslopes, and the benefits of mulching those slopes. Within the three days available for analysis, about 38 percent of the burned area was analyzed. This paper summarizes the analytical methods, and the findings of the prediction runs.

Handbook of Erosion Modelling

Handbook of Erosion Modelling
Author: R. P. C. Morgan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 608
Release: 2016-04-13
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1444328468

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The movement of sediment and associated pollutants over thelandscape and into water bodies is of increasing concern withrespect to pollution control, prevention of muddy floods andenvironmental protection. In addition, the loss of soil on site hasimplications for declining agricultural productivity, loss ofbiodiversity and decreased amenity and landscape value. The fate ofsediment and the conservation of soil are important issues for landmanagers and decision-makers. In developing appropriate policiesand solutions, managers and researchers are making greater use oferosion models to characterise the processes of erosion and theirinteraction with the landscape. A study of erosion requires one to think in terms ofmicroseconds to understand the mechanics of impact of a singleraindrop on a soil surface, while landscapes form over periods ofthousands of years. These processes operate on scales ofmillimetres for single raindrops to mega-metres for continents.Erosion modelling thus covers quite a lot of ground. This bookintroduces the conceptual and mathematical frameworks used toformulate models of soil erosion and uses case studies to show howmodels are applied to a variety of purposes at a range of spatialand temporal scales. The aim is to provide land managers and otherswith the tools required to select a model appropriate to the typeand scale of erosion problem, to show what users can expect interms of accuracy of model predictions and to provide anappreciation of both the advantages and limitations of models.Problems covered include those arising from agriculture, theconstruction industry, pollution and climatic change and range inscale from farms to small and large catchments. The book will alsobe useful to students and research scientists as an up-to-datereview of the state-of-art of erosion modelling and, through aknowledge of how models are used in practice, in highlighting thegaps in knowledge that need to be filled in order to develop evenbetter models.

Simulation of Post-fire Watershed Hydrology and Erosion Responses with the Physically-based WEPP Model

Simulation of Post-fire Watershed Hydrology and Erosion Responses with the Physically-based WEPP Model
Author: Dylan S. Quinn
Publisher:
Total Pages: 150
Release: 2018
Genre: Environmental sciences
ISBN: 9781392024393

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The cascading consequences of fire-induced ecological changes have profound impacts on both natural and managed forest ecosystems. In many areas, natural and human-caused wildland fire are becoming more prevalent due to historical management practices exacerbated by climate change . The susceptibility of landscapes to post-fire soil erosion and runoff have been closely linked with the severity of the wildfire, and forest managers tasked with implementing mitigation strategies need robust tools to evaluate the effectiveness of their decisions, particularly those affecting hydrological recovery. Various hillslope-scale interfaces of the physically-based Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model have been successfully validated for this purpose using fire-effected plot experiments, however these interfaces are explicitly designed to simulate single hillslopes. Spatially-distributed, catchment-scale WEPP interfaces have been developed over the past decade, however none have been validated for post-fire conditions, posing a barrier to adoption for forest managers. The work proposed here will address concerns of model validity by developing new processing frameworks which enhance the ability of the spatial WEPP model to capture hillslope-scale patterns in burn severity. These methods will be applied to compare simulations results with five years of post-fire runoff and erosion observations for a 117 ha forested watershed after the 2011 Wallow Fire in Eastern Arizona. Further, visualization strategies will be developed and implemented into current online spatial WEPP interfaces which facilitate usability and adoption of such models .

Soil Erosion and Sediment Redistribution in River Catchments

Soil Erosion and Sediment Redistribution in River Catchments
Author: Philip Neil Owens
Publisher: CABI
Total Pages: 342
Release: 2006
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0851990509

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There can be little doubt that issues relating to soils and sediments are moving up the political agenda, and a realization that we need to collectively manage and protect both soil and water resources. In order to manage this delicate interface, attention is being increasingly directed towards holistic land-river management, demanding a greater appreciation of the interaction between soils and sediments. This book reviews the major achievements recently made in soil erosion and sediment redistribution research and management, and identifies future requirements.

Wildland Fire in Ecosystems

Wildland Fire in Ecosystems
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 262
Release: 2005
Genre: Fire ecology
ISBN:

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Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Forest Applications

Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Forest Applications
Author: William J. Elliot
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 1997
Genre: Forest soil
ISBN:

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The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) soil erosion model is a process based model to predict runoff, soil erosion, and sediment delivery. WEPP input files, described in this publication, predict soil erosion from forest roads, harvest areas, and burned areas. These files are part of a growing database.

Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses

Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses
Author: Walter H. Wischmeier
Publisher:
Total Pages: 70
Release: 1978
Genre: Agricultural conservation
ISBN:

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The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) enables planners to predict the average rate of soil erosion for each feasible alternative combination of crop system and management practices in association with a specified soil type, rainfall pattern, and topography. When these predicted losses are compared with given soil loss tolerances, they provide specific guidelines for effecting erosion control within specified limits. The equation groups the numerous interrelated physical and management parameters that influence erosion rate under six major factors whose site-specific values can be expressed numerically. A half century of erosion research in many States has supplied information from which at least approximate values of the USLE factors can be obtained for specified farm fields or other small erosion prone areas throughout the United States. Tables and charts presented in this handbook make this information readily available for field use. Significant limitations in the available data are identified.