U.S. Intelligence Agencies on Russian Malicious Cyber Activity

U.S. Intelligence Agencies on Russian Malicious Cyber Activity
Author: Intelligence Community Assessment
Publisher: Cosimo Reports
Total Pages: 44
Release: 2019-03-26
Genre:
ISBN: 9781945934049

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As the election results of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Elections still reverberate in the U.S. and throughout the world, the discussion on how Donald Trump won and whether Russian influence helped his win continues. Leaked conspiracy theories which would have fitted well in a John le Carré spy novel seem corroborated by U.S. intelligence reports. In this volume, you find declassified versions of two reports by the U.S. intelligence agencies released at the end of 2016 and at the beginning of 2017. The first report, Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent U.S. Elections, describes Russia's activities in the media, social media, and cyberspace during the latest and previous U.S. elections. In this report, the U.S. Intelligence Community confirms "...Moscow's longstanding desire to undermine the US-led liberal democratic order...." Also, they state that this campaign had a clear preference for Donald Trump to win. This report concludes ominously that Moscow will apply lessons from this campaign to influence other elections worldwide. The second report, GRIZZLY STEPPE- Russian Malicious Cyber Activity, shows how two groups, part of the Russian Intelligence Services, hacked into an-unnamed-U.S. political party. Furthermore, it offers technical advice and suggestions to organizations on how they could protect themselves against cyberattacks. Although it might take some time before we really understand the impact on the 2016 elections, these two brief reports are fascinating reading for political observers, journalists, and readers concerned about what really happened in 2016.

Essential Guide to Russian Hacking and Malicious Cyber Activity in the 2016 Presidential Election, Intelligence Agency Reports, Role of Putin, Russia Political Warfare Against America and the West

Essential Guide to Russian Hacking and Malicious Cyber Activity in the 2016 Presidential Election, Intelligence Agency Reports, Role of Putin, Russia Political Warfare Against America and the West
Author: U. S. Military
Publisher:
Total Pages: 262
Release: 2017-01-08
Genre:
ISBN: 9781520340395

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This is a comprehensive compilation of breaking government reports and congressional testimony regarding the assessment of the U.S. intelligence community, including the CIA, FBI, and NSA, that Russia and Vladimir Putin engaged in cyber attacks and propaganda to influence the outcome of the 2016 Presidential election between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. The January 2017 report, Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections, states: We assess Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the US presidential election. Russia's goals were to undermine public faith in the US democratic process, denigrate Secretary Clinton, and harm her electability and potential presidency. We further assess Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for President-elect Trump. We have high confidence in these judgments. We also assess Putin and the Russian Government aspired to help President-elect Trump's election chances when possible by discrediting Secretary Clinton and publicly contrasting her unfavorably to him.This compilation also includes an informative study, Russian Political Warfare: Origin, Evolution, and Application - Comprehensive Study of Putin's Hybrid Warfare Campaigns Against United States and the West, Crimean Annexation, Ukraine, Gerasimov Model:Russia's annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014 and subsequent activities in Eastern Ukraine are not isolated incidents, but rather a new form of hybrid war, or asymmetric warfare. They are part of a decades-long and continent-spanning Russian political warfare (PW) campaign. Analysis of the origin, history, and evolution of Soviet/Russian PW from 1917 through today reveals that Russia is using PW to assert regional dominance and challenge the unipolarity of the United States and the West. A review of events in Ukraine demonstrates Russia is using its latest evolution of PW doctrine, the Gerasimov Model, to achieve strategic objectives while remaining below the military response threshold of the international community. This paper combines an empirical and case study review of PW, with lessons from the Cold War, to propose a conceptual framework and a supporting model for foreign policy makers, planners, and practitioners to better understand PW. Furthermore, it recommends the United States adopt a proactive PW strategy to support national policy objectives and counter the PW activities of Russia and other rising powers. United States Special Operations Forces are well-suited for PW and will play a pivotal role in a U.S. PW strategy that encompasses all elements of national power and synchronizes the interagency community.Russia's PW affects U.S. national interests in three ways: it threatens the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), it destabilizes the global security status quo, and demonstrates that constitutional democracies are vulnerable to PW strategies. NATO's members are guaranteed collective defense against armed aggression, but NATO members in Eastern Europe fear that Russia's current tactics can undermine their sovereignty and redraw their borders without triggering an armed NATO response. As the quintessential status-quo power, U.S. interests are at stake in maintaining the balance of power within, and respect for, the current international system of laws, regulations, and traditions.Russia is demonstrating the effectiveness of using PW strategies to target constitutional democracies. If this trend is not reversed, then it will be repeated in other situations by different actors. America must successfully oppose Russian PW to prevent it from becoming the strategy of choice for emerging regional or global powers opposed to U.S. interests.

Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent Us Elections

Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent Us Elections
Author: United States. Office of the Director of National Intelligence
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 26
Release: 2017-01-06
Genre: Cyberterrorism
ISBN: 9781542630030

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This report includes an analytic assessment drafted and coordinated among The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and The National Security Agency (NSA), which draws on intelligence information collected and disseminated by those three agencies. It covers the motivation and scope of Moscow's intentions regarding US elections and Moscow's use of cyber tools and media campaigns to influence US public opinion. The assessment focuses on activities aimed at the 2016 US presidential election and draws on our understanding of previous Russian influence operations. When we use the term "we" it refers to an assessment by all three agencies. * This report is a declassified version of a highly classified assessment. This document's conclusions are identical to the highly classified assessment, but this document does not include the full supporting information, including specific intelligence on key elements of the influence campaign. Given the redactions, we made minor edits purely for readability and flow. We did not make an assessment of the impact that Russian activities had on the outcome of the 2016 election. The US Intelligence Community is charged with monitoring and assessing the intentions, capabilities, and actions of foreign actors; it does not analyze US political processes or US public opinion. * New information continues to emerge, providing increased insight into Russian activities. * PHOTOS REMOVED

Grizzly Steppe

Grizzly Steppe
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 13
Release: 2016
Genre: Computer crimes
ISBN:

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This Joint Analysis Report (JAR) is the result of analytic efforts between the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). This document provides technical details regarding the tools and infrastructure used by the Russian civilian and military intelligence Services (RIS) to compromise and exploit networks and endpoints associated with the U.S. election, as well as a range of U.S. Government, political, and private sector entities. The U.S. Government is referring to this malicious cyber activity by RIS as GRIZZLY STEPPE.

Attempt to Impeach Donald Trump - Declassified Government Documents, Investigation of Russian Election Interference & Legislative Procedures for the Impeachment

Attempt to Impeach Donald Trump - Declassified Government Documents, Investigation of Russian Election Interference & Legislative Procedures for the Impeachment
Author: Federal Bureau of Investigation
Publisher: Good Press
Total Pages: 199
Release: 2024-01-16
Genre: Law
ISBN:

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Since the beginning of his presidential term president Donald Trump is faced with constant criticism for his business projects in Russia and his connections with the Russian authorities. On June 12th 2017 US Congressman Brad Sherman submitted the Resolution for Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. This book presents the latest investigation results, declassified documents, transcripts and reports of various US security agencies and other actors involved in the investigation of the Russian Interference in the 2016 United States Elections and the connection of the American president with the Russian Government. This book will provide all necessary information on the event that can easily turn out to be the biggest political scandal in the modern American history. Contents: Impeachment: An Overview of Constitutional Provisions, Procedure, and Practice Efforts to Impeach Donald Trump Russian Interference in the 2016 United States Elections Documents Related to Russian Interference Executive Order - Taking Additional Steps to Address the National Emergency With Respect to Significant Malicious Cyber-Enabled Activities Russian Cyber Activity – The Grizzly Steppe Report Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections Joint Statement on Committee Inquiry into Russian Intelligence Activities National Security Agency Report Documents & Transcripts Related to Impeachment Attempt Dismissal of James Comey James Comey FBI Farewell Letter Representative Al Green Calls for Trump Impeachment Jason Chaffetz Letter to FBI Over Comey Memo Appointment of Special Counsel to Investigate Russian Interference With the 2016 Presidential Election and Related Matters Comey Statement for the Record Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for High Crimes and Misdemeanors

Russian Cyber Operations

Russian Cyber Operations
Author: Scott Jasper
Publisher: Georgetown University Press
Total Pages: 245
Release: 2022-09-01
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1647123348

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Russia has deployed cyber operations to interfere in foreign elections, launch disinformation campaigns, and cripple neighboring states—all while maintaining a thin veneer of deniability and avoiding strikes that cross the line into acts of war. How should a targeted nation respond? In Russian Cyber Operations, Scott Jasper dives into the legal and technical maneuvers of Russian cyber strategies, proposing that nations develop solutions for resilience to withstand future attacks. Jasper examines the place of cyber operations within Russia’s asymmetric arsenal and its use of hybrid and information warfare, considering examples from French and US presidential elections and the 2017 NotPetya mock ransomware attack, among others. A new preface to the paperback edition puts events since 2020 into context. Jasper shows that the international effort to counter these operations through sanctions and indictments has done little to alter Moscow’s behavior. Jasper instead proposes that nations use data correlation technologies in an integrated security platform to establish a more resilient defense. Russian Cyber Operations provides a critical framework for determining whether Russian cyber campaigns and incidents rise to the level of armed conflict or operate at a lower level as a component of competition. Jasper’s work offers the national security community a robust plan of action critical to effectively mounting a durable defense against Russian cyber campaigns.

October Surprise

October Surprise
Author: Devlin Barrett
Publisher: PublicAffairs
Total Pages: 336
Release: 2020-09-22
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1541758684

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The 2016 Election, which altered American political history, was not decided by the Russians or in Ukraine or by Steve Bannon. The event that broke Hillary's blue wall in the Midwest and swung Florida and North Carolina was an October Surprise, and it was wholly a product of the leadership of the FBI. This is the inside story by the reporter closest to its center. In September 2016, Hillary Clinton was the presumptive next president of the US. She had a blue wall of states leaning her way in the Midwest, and was ahead in North Carolina and Florida, with a better than even shot at taking normally Republican Arizona. The US was about to get its first woman president. Yet within two months everything was lost. An already tightening race saw one seismic correction: it came in October when the FBI launched an investigation into the Clinton staff's use of a private server for their emails. Clinton fell 3-4 percent in the polls instantly, and her campaign never had time to rebut the investigation or rebuild her momentum so close to election day. The FBI cost her the race. October Surprise is a pulsating narrative of an agency seized with righteous certainty that waded into the most important political moment in the life of the nation, and has no idea how to back out with dignity. So it doggedly stands its ground, compounding its error. In a momentous display of self-preservation, James Comey, Andrew McCabe, and key Justice Department officials decide to protect their own reputations rather than save the democratic process. Once they make that determination, the race is lost for Clinton, who is helpless in front of their accusation even though she has not intended to commit, let alone actually committed, any crime. A dark true-life thriller with historic consequences set at the most crucial moment in the electoral calendar, October Surprise is a warning, a morality tale and a political and personal tragedy.

Cyber War

Cyber War
Author: Richard A. Clarke
Publisher: Harper Collins
Total Pages: 318
Release: 2010-04-02
Genre: History
ISBN: 0061992399

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An essential, eye-opening book about cyberterrorism, cyber war, and the next great threat to our national security. “Cyber War may be the most important book about national security policy in the last several years.” –Slate Former presidential advisor and counter-terrorism expert Richard A. Clarke sounds a timely and chilling warning about America’s vulnerability in a terrifying new international conflict. Cyber War is a powerful book about technology, government, and military strategy; about criminals, spies, soldiers, and hackers. It explains clearly and convincingly what cyber war is, and how vulnerable we are as a nation and as individuals to the vast and looming web of cyber criminals. Every concerned American should read this startling and explosive book that offers an insider’s view of White House ‘Situation Room’ operations and carries the reader to the frontlines of our cyber defense. Cyber War exposes a virulent threat to our nation’s security.

U. S. Sanctions on Russia

U. S. Sanctions on Russia
Author: Kristin Archick
Publisher: Independently Published
Total Pages: 70
Release: 2018-12-04
Genre:
ISBN: 9781790730735

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Sanctions are considered by many to be a central element of U.S. policy to counter Russian malign behavior. Most Russia-related sanctions have been in response to Russia's 2014 invasion of Ukraine. In addition, the United States has imposed sanctions on Russia in response to human rights abuses, election interference and cyberattacks, weapons proliferation, illicit trade with North Korea, support to Syria, and use of a chemical weapon. The United States also employs sanctions to deter further objectionable activities. Most Members of Congress support a robust use of sanctions amid concerns about Russia's international behavior and geostrategic intentions. Ukraine-related sanctions are mainly based on four executive orders (EOs) the President introduced in 2014. In addition, Congress passed and the President signed into law two acts establishing sanctions in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine: the Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (SSIDES; P.L. 113-95) and the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (UFSA; P.L. 113-272). In 2017, Congress passed and the President signed into law the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and Eurasia Act of 2017 (CRIEEA; P.L. 115-44, Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act [CAATSA], Title II). This legislation codifies Ukraine-related and cyberrelated EOs, strengthens existing Russia-related sanctions authorities, and identifies several new targets for sanctions. It also establishes congressional review of any action the President takes to ease or lift a variety of sanctions. Additional sanctions on Russia may be forthcoming. On August 6, 2018, the United States determined that in March 2018 the Russian government used a chemical weapon in the United Kingdom in contravention of international law. In response, the United States launched an initial round of sanctions on Russia, as required by the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (CBW Act; P.L. 102-182, Title III). The law requires a second, more severe round of sanctions in the absence of Russia's reliable commitment to no longer use such weapons. The United States has imposed most Ukraine-related sanctions on Russia in coordination with the European Union (EU). Since 2017, the efforts of Congress and the Trump Administration to tighten U.S. sanctions on Russia have prompted some degree of concern in the EU about U.S. commitment to sanctions coordination and U.S.-EU cooperation on Russia and Ukraine more broadly. The EU, in addition, continues to consider its response to Russia's use of a chemical weapon in the United Kingdom. Debates about the effectiveness of U.S. and other sanctions on Russia continue in Congress, in the Administration, and among other stakeholders. Russia has not reversed its occupation and annexation of Ukraine's Crimea region, nor has it stopped fostering separatism in eastern Ukraine. With respect to other malign activities, the relationship between sanctions and Russian behavior is difficult to determine. Nonetheless, many observers argue that sanctions help to restrain Russia or that their imposition is an appropriate foreign policy response regardless of immediate effect. In the 115th Congress, several bills have been introduced to increase the use of sanctions in response to Russia's malign activities. The 116th Congress is likely to continue to debate the role of sanctions in U.S. foreign policy toward Russia.

Attribution of Advanced Persistent Threats

Attribution of Advanced Persistent Threats
Author: Timo Steffens
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 207
Release: 2020-07-20
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3662613131

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An increasing number of countries develop capabilities for cyber-espionage and sabotage. The sheer number of reported network compromises suggests that some of these countries view cyber-means as integral and well-established elements of their strategical toolbox. At the same time the relevance of such attacks for society and politics is also increasing. Digital means were used to influence the US presidential election in 2016, repeatedly led to power outages in Ukraine, and caused economic losses of hundreds of millions of dollars with a malfunctioning ransomware. In all these cases the question who was behind the attacks is not only relevant from a legal perspective, but also has a political and social dimension. Attribution is the process of tracking and identifying the actors behind these cyber-attacks. Often it is considered an art, not a science. This book systematically analyses how hackers operate, which mistakes they make, and which traces they leave behind. Using examples from real cases the author explains the analytic methods used to ascertain the origin of Advanced Persistent Threats.