Indian Urbanization Is At Crossroads. Structural Transformations Are Leaving Behind The Agrarian Economy. Rise Of Non-Agricultural Activities Has Led To A Faster Process Of Urbanization. Urban Growth Has Rather Been Much Faster Which Has Burdened The Existing Settlement System As Urbanization Could Not Commensurate It.Urban Settlements In Particular Have Borne The Brunt Of Urban Growth. A Few Numbers Of Large Cities Have Grown Out Of Proportion Whereas A Large Number Of Small Settlements Have Stagnated Or Declined In Size. These Large Cities Continue To Dominate The Urban Scene As 23 Of Them As Per 1991 Census, Are Metropolises Inhabiting Nearly 1/3 Of Urban Population. Metropolisation Of Urban Growth Was Being Feared Even During Sixties. Since Then Policies Attempted To Discourage Accretion Of Population At A Few Urban Centres. Number Of Expert Groups Went Into The Problem And During Late Seventies Thoughts Were Crystallizing On Shift Of Development Programmes In Favour Of Medium And Small Towns And Small Cities.Sixth Five Year Plan For The First Time Introduced A Scheme Of Integrated Development Of Small And Medium Towns (Idsmt) In Central Sector. Under The Scheme So Far Nearly 500 Towns With Population Less Than 100,000 Have Been Funded.As A Policy Issue Idsmt Has Been Widely Acclaimed Even Outside India. It S Mechanism And It S Overall Impact On Reducing Rate Of Migration Towards Large Cities Have Not Yet Gained Acceptance. However, In Spite Of Controversies The Idsmt Has Been Put Into, It Is Being Appreciated As First Step Which Aims To Combat Urban Accretion.The Present Volume Reviews Our Process Of Urbanization, Impact Of Idsmt And Various Implications For Urban Policy. The Study Would Be Useful For Policy Makers And Would Greatly Enhance The Scope Of Improvements In The Policy Of Development Of Medium And Small Towns.