Excerpt from Union Scale of Wages and Hours of Labor in Massachusetts, 1913 This report deals chiefly with time-rates,1 which are in nearly all cases minimum rates and not actual or maximum rates. Trade unions which fix rates Of wages usually establish one rate as a standard minimum for all of their members engaged in a specific occupation, such a rate being ordinarily applied to the work upon which the member is engaged rather than to the member as an individual. Members are allowed, how ever, to receive more than the minimum rate, such excess over the mini mum being usually determined by individual negotiation, but any member who works for less than the minimum rate is in most instances liable to punishment for violation of union rules. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.