Unfunding Terror

Unfunding Terror
Author: Jimmy Gurulé
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 433
Release: 2010-01-01
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1848446063

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Jimmy Gurulé knows how to bankrupt terrorists like few others do. As Undersecretary of the Treasury for Enforcement, he spearheaded the fight against al-Qaeda s global bank accounts, helping to earn the highest grade awarded on the 9/11 Commissioners report card. As an author, he performs once again. Unfunding Terror provides policymakers and laymen alike a clear roadmap on how to keep terrorists out of the global financial system. Timothy J. Roemer, Center for National Policy, former US Congressman and member of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11 Commission) Jimmy Gurulé has given us a superbly comprehensive and well-written assessment of why, regarding terrorism, Deep Throat s principle is bang on: follow the money. R. James Woolsey, venture partner, VantagePoint, and former Director of Central Intelligence, US A detailed study by a true scholar-practitioner, Unfunding Terror explains the legal response to terror finance in language accessible to both the expert and layman. Required reading. Matthew Levitt, Director, Stein Program on Counterterrorism and Intelligence, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy and former Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Intelligence and Analysis, US Professor Gurulé is comprehensive: he describes the problem (terrorist funding by those in the free world), analyzes the legal responses (make it a crime, freeze terrorist assets, impose regulations on financial institutions), critiques the administration s and international community s efforts to unfund terrorists (political rhetoric, not in fact backed up with effective strategies or implementation), and outlines concrete legal and administrative remedies. Would that they to whom the recommendations are addressed act on them quickly. Too much is at stake to let terrorists, who condemn the West as corrupt, get their funding to attack the US and its allies from the West itself. That would be a form of social suicide. G. Robert Blakey, Notre Dame Law School, US The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks that claimed the lives of 2,973 innocent civilians required as much as $500,000 to stage. At the time, al Qaeda was operating on an annual budget of between $30 and $50 million. However, despite the obvious fact that terrorists need money to terrorize, preventing the financing of terrorism was not a priority for the United States or the international community prior to 9/11. Jimmy Gurulé, former Under Secretary for Enforcement in the US Department of the Treasury, provides the first book-length, comprehensive analysis of the legal regime that evolved following the terrorist attacks. The book begins with a discussion of how shutting down the pipelines of funding is as important as dismantling the terrorist cells themselves. Next, the book covers the various means and methods used by terrorist groups to raise money, and examines how money is transferred globally to finance their lethal activities. The principal components of the legal strategy to disrupt the financing of terrorism are then discussed and evaluated. Unfortunately, the author concludes that the legal regime has met with mixed results, and finds that the sense of urgency to deprive terrorists of funding that existed following 9/11 has since dissipated. As a result, international efforts to freeze terrorist assets have dramatically declined. Moreover, the US Department of Justice has suffered several embarrassing and disappointing legal defeats in prosecuting major terrorist financiers. The author provides numerous recommendations to Congress, the Executive Branch, and the UN Security Council for strengthening the legal regime to deny terrorists the money needed to wage global jihad, acquire weapons of mass destruction, and launch another terrorist attack on the scale of 9/11. Unfunding Terror fills an important gap in the literature and will be essential reading for counter-terrorism experts, law enforcement and national se

Economics of National Security

Economics of National Security
Author: Mark Holzer
Publisher:
Total Pages: 4
Release: 2011
Genre: National security
ISBN:

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"The discussion of how best to deprive terrorist organizations of funding is necessarily broad because of the numerous means people have devised to acquire and move funds for whatever purpose they intend. How seriously the United States takes this issue can be seen just in the number of statutory provisions that have been adopted and the diligence with which we update terror-associated lists that are aimed at depriving terrorists of funds. While it is clearly a matter of concern, the National Security Strategy s treatment of this topic is very broad and is discussed only within fairly limited contexts. The muted language of the National Security Strategy (NSS) may simply be a realistic assessment of the difficulties we face in trying to dry up terrorist funding streams and the challenges of evaluating our efforts in spite of the fairly broad approach that has been undertaken in the past decade. The two contexts within which the NSS raises the issue of depriving terrorist organizations of funds are countering al-Qaida specifically and, more generally, countering transnational criminal enterprises.2 The NSS recognizes that terrorist organizations use criminal enterprises as a means of funding their activities and, although it only states that, [t]he crime-terror nexus is a serious concern as terrorists use criminal networks for logistical support and funding, making the connection between the two threats does imply that efforts to combat transnational criminal enterprises will have an ancillary dampening effect on terror financing. In contrast to the very general description of the target of efforts to counter transnational criminal activities, the NSS states its counter-terrorism objective very specifically as: disrupt, dismantle, and defeat al-Qaida and its violent extremist affiliates in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and around the world."--DTIC abstract.

Crimes of Terror

Crimes of Terror
Author: Wadie E. Said
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 200
Release: 2015-04-08
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0190234164

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The U.S. government's power to categorize individuals as terrorist suspects and therefore ineligible for certain long-standing constitutional protections has expanded exponentially since 9/11, all the while remaining resistant to oversight. Crimes of Terror: The Legal and Political Implications of Federal Terrorism Prosecutions provides a comprehensive and uniquely up-to-date dissection of the government's advantages over suspects in criminal prosecutions of terrorism, which are driven by a preventive mindset that purports to stop plots before they can come to fruition. It establishes the background for these controversial policies and practices and then demonstrates how they have impeded the normal goals of criminal prosecution, even in light of a competing military tribunal model. Proceeding in a linear manner from the investigatory stage of a prosecution on through to sentencing, the book documents the emergence of a "terrorist exceptionalism" to normal rules of criminal law and procedure and questions whether the government has overstated the threat posed by the individuals it charges with these crimes. Included is a discussion of the large-scale spying and use of informants rooted in the questionable "radicalization" theory; the material support statute--the government's chief legal tool in bringing criminal prosecutions; the new rules regarding generation of evidence and the broad construction of that evidence as relevant at trial; and a look at the special sentencing and confinement regimes for those convicted of terrorist crimes. In this critical examination of terrorism prosecutions in federal court, Professor Said reveals a phenomenon at odds with basic constitutional protections for criminal defendants.

Terrorist Financing and the Islamic State

Terrorist Financing and the Islamic State
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services
Publisher:
Total Pages: 120
Release: 2015
Genre: Economic sanctions, American
ISBN:

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The Palgrave Handbook of Criminal and Terrorism Financing Law

The Palgrave Handbook of Criminal and Terrorism Financing Law
Author: Colin King
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 1247
Release: 2018-05-04
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 331964498X

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The Palgrave Handbook of Criminal and Terrorism Financing Law focuses on how criminal and terrorist assets pose significant and unrelenting threats to the integrity, security, and stability of contemporary societies. In response to the funds generated by or for organised crime and transnational terrorism, strategies have been elaborated at national, regional, and international levels for laws, organisations and procedures, and economic systems. Reflecting on these strands, this handbook brings together leading experts from different jurisdictions across Europe, America, Asia, and Africa and from different disciplines, including law, criminology, political science, international studies, and business. The authors examine the institutional and legal responses, set within the context of both policy and practice, with a view to critiquing these actions on the grounds of effective delivery and compliance with legality and rights. In addition, the book draws upon the experiences of the many senior practitioners and policy-makers who participated in the research project which was funded by a major Arts and Humanities Research Council grant. This comprehensive collection is a must-read for academics and practitioners alike with an interest in money laundering, terrorism financing, security, and international relations.

Threat Finance

Threat Finance
Author: Shima D. Keene
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 318
Release: 2016-02-24
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1317010299

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Criminal and terrorist organisations are increasingly turning to white collar crime such as fraud, e-crime, bribery, data and identity theft, in addition to more violent activities involving kidnap and ransom, narcotics and arms trafficking, to fund their activities and, in some cases pursue their cause. The choice of victims is global and indiscriminate. The modus operandi is continually mutating and increasing in sophistication; taking advantage of weaknesses in the system whether they be technological, legal or political. Countering these sources of threat finance is a shared challenge for governments, the military, NGOs, financial institutions and other businesses that may be targeted. Shima Keene’s Threat Finance offers new thinking to equip any organisation regardless of sector and geographical location, with the knowledge and tools to deploy effective counter measures to tackle the threat. To that end, she brings together a wide variety of perspectives - cultural, legal, economic and technological - to explain the sources, mechanisms and key intervention methodologies. The current environment continues to favour the criminal and the terrorist. Threat Finance is an essential read for fraud and security practitioners, financial regulators, policy-makers, intelligence officials, judges and barristers, law enforcement officers, and researchers in this field. Dr Keene offers an antidote to the lack of good, applied, research; shortcomings in in-house financial and forensic expertise; misdirected financial compliance schemes; legal and judicial idiosyncrasies; unhelpful organisation structures and poor communication. She argues convincingly for a coherent, aggressive, informed and cross-disciplinary approach to an ever changing and rapidly growing threat.

Suppression Of Terrorist Financing

Suppression Of Terrorist Financing
Author: Hamed Tofangsaz
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 271
Release: 2020-07-02
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1793619506

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In the last few decades, there has been a considerable effort, mainly from Western liberal countries, to create, develop, and diffuse into domestic laws, an internationally harmonized counter-terrorist financing regime through international treaties, recommendations and resolutions. This book aims to explore the penal (criminalization and confiscation) measures of the regime. Belonging to the category of analytical research, the book explores the nature of terrorist financing, and critically and extensively examines how it has been conceptualized and criminalized. The book argues that the application of these penal measures results in over-criminalization due to the vague conceptualization of the concept of terrorist financing, and due to its incompatibility with basic notions of criminalization and fundamental principles of the criminal law of many countries specifically Anglo-American law. Examining a number of ASEAN countries’ law on terrorist financing, the book then shows how these controversial measures have been crept into their law, resulting in the violation of human rights and democratic values which Western countries seek to promote.

Tax Evasion and the Law

Tax Evasion and the Law
Author: Sam Bourton
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 278
Release: 2024-06-18
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1040033822

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This book provides a critical and contemporary evaluation of the laws and enforcement policies pertaining to tax evasion in the United Kingdom (UK) and United States (US). Since the inception of taxes, revenue collection authorities around the world have attempted to address the seemingly perennial problem of individuals evading their tax liabilities. The financial crisis has shone a new light on the issue with an increased interest in using the criminal justice system as a means of addressing it in the UK. In sharp contrast to the UK, the US has a strong record of prosecuting crimes of tax evasion, whether committed by individuals or professional corporate facilitators. Providing an evaluation of the UK’s tax evasion laws and enforcement policy, through a comparative approach, this work highlights insights provided by the US experience. In so doing, the book explores the interconnections between tax evasion and money laundering, identifying best practices, omissions, and areas for reform. The work will be a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and policy-makers working in the areas of financial crime, financial law, accountancy and criminal justice.

The Financial War on Terrorism

The Financial War on Terrorism
Author: Nicholas Ryder
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 222
Release: 2015-06-05
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1134446977

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On September 11, 2001, 19 terrorists committed the largest and deadliest terrorist attack in the United States of America. The response from the inter-national community, and in particular the US, was swift. President George Bush declared what has commonly been referred to as either the ‘War on Terror’ or the ‘Global War on Terror’ on September 20, 2001. Four days later, he instigated the ‘Financial War on Terrorism’. This book defines and identifies the so-called ‘Financial War on Terrorism’. It provides a critical review of the impact of counter-terrorist financing strategies enacted by both individual jurisdictions and international organisations. Taking a comparative approach, the book highlights the levels of compliance in each selected jurisdiction and organisation with the requirements of the ‘Financial War on Terrorism’. The book analyses measures introduced by the United Nations, including the UN sanctions against terrorists and the operation of its anti-terrorist sanctions committees, and the Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force. It also reviews the counter-terrorist financing measures of the European Union and the Council of Europe, paying particular attention to the Framework Decisions on Combating Terrorism, the Council Common Positions on Combating Terrorism and the EU Anti-Terrorism Sanctions Regime. The book goes on to review the measures put in place in the US following September 11, 2001. Offering a much-needed legal analysis of the measures enacted under the ‘Financial War on Terrorism’, this book is a valuable resource for those researching in law, terrorism studies, criminal justice, and finance.

National Security Law

National Security Law
Author: Geoffrey S. Corn
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
Total Pages: 541
Release: 2024-07-29
Genre: Law
ISBN:

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National Security Law: Principles and Policy, Third Edition provides a highly accessible but also comprehensive and timely supplement for students studying national security law. This concise treatise is a guide to the legal foundations and architecture that frame the exercise of key national security powers: diplomatic, intelligence, information, military, economic, and criminal. The authors explain essential legal and policy sources and principles that play an essential role in guiding the development, implementation, and review of national security policies. Central to the text is explanation of constitutional text, judicial opinions, statutes, treaties and other sources of international law, and policies. Written by a team of experts in the field, this treatise serves as a useful supplement for the substantively rich but often overwhelming National Security Law texts currently on the market. New to the Third Edition: The January 6, 2021 occupation of the U.S. Capitol New developments in executive power, cybersecurity, and artificial intelligence Benefits for instructors and students: Comprehensive overview of both the general legal framework for national security decision-making and commonly explored specific national security topics Narrative explanation of complex jurisprudential, statutory, treaty, and regulatory sources of national security law Chapters suitable as stand-alone sources for class assignments, allowing professors to substitute treatise-type treatment for primary sources where desired Incorporation of contemporary national security issues, to provide comprehensive illustrations of key laws and concepts A solid foundation for students, to facilitate focusing topical coverage on case studies and/or current events An easily accessible resource to efficiently enhance understanding of complex national security law topics Extensive use of historic examples of the impact of national security law and policy on actual national security decisions Reinforcement of the understanding of core law competencies such as federalism, separation of powers, justiciability, criminal procedures, criminal law, and statutory interpretation