The study exemplifies the use of knowledge derived from scholarly studies in the social sciences to lay the foundation for defenses against modern unconventional warfare. Unconventional warfare is defined as a system of conflict the strategy of which is to secure control of the state by first gaining control of its civilian population. The study is a follow-up to a pioneer attempt in the use of social science techniques, which treated the situation in South Vietnam. To determine how useful the procedures developed there would be when applied to a different situation, a brief investigation was conducted from June to August 1963 of unconventional warfare in Venezuela using the same procedural apparatus as in the Vietnam work. The results indicate that the system works well and that it works with speed, a systematic picture of the social structure of the modern nation of Venezuela having been produced in the remarkably short time of 3 months, using only the open literature. The report of findings follows the plan used for the Vietnam study. Four sections sketch the dynamics of the economic, political, military, and attitude-forming aspects of Venezuelan society; each section is followed by a discussion of the roles and groups most important to the aspect. Finally, a projection of what is likely to happen in the country in relation to unconventional war up to the end of 1966 is presented. A biographical file on key personalities, a glossary of abbreviations, and a bibliography are included. (Author).