Making Medicines in Early Colonial Lima, Peru

Making Medicines in Early Colonial Lima, Peru
Author: Linda A. Newson
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 362
Release: 2017-09-18
Genre: History
ISBN: 9004351272

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Based on extensive archival research in Peru, Spain, and Italy, Making Medicines in Early Colonial Lima, Peru examines how apothecaries in Lima were trained, ran their businesses, traded medicinal products, prepared medicines, and found their place in society. In the book, Newson argues that apothecaries had the potential to be innovators in science, especially in the New World where they encountered new environments and diverse healing traditions. However, it shows that despite experimental tendencies among some apothecaries, they generally adhered to traditional humoral practices and imported materia medica from Spain rather than adopt native plants or exploit the region’s rich mineral resources. This adherence was not due to state regulation, but reflected the entrenchment of humoral beliefs in popular thought and their promotion by the Church and Inquisition.

Teaching Translation from Spanish to English

Teaching Translation from Spanish to English
Author: Allison Beeby Lonsdale
Publisher: University of Ottawa Press
Total Pages: 280
Release: 1996
Genre: Education
ISBN: 077660399X

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While many professional translators believe the ability to translate is a gift that one either has or does not have, Allison Beeby Lonsdale questions this view. In her innovative book, Beeby Lonsdale demonstrates how teachers can guide their students by showing them how insights from communication theory, discourse analysis, pragmatics, and semiotics can illuminate the translation process. Using Spanish to English translation as her example, she presents the basic principles of translation through 29 teaching units, which are prefaced by objectives, tasks, and commentaries for the teacher, and through 48 task sheets, which show how to present the material to students. Published in English.

International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management

International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Total Pages: 37
Release: 2018-09-03
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9251091870

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The understanding that some pesticides are more hazardous than others is well established. Recognition of this is reflected by the World Health Organization (WHO) Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard, which was first published in 1975. The document classifies pesticides in one of five hazard classes according to their acute toxicity. In 2002, the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) was introduced, which in addition to acute toxicity also provides classification of chemicals according to their chronic health hazards and environmental hazards.

The Mechanization of Natural Philosophy

The Mechanization of Natural Philosophy
Author: Sophie Roux
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 348
Release: 2012-09-26
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9400743440

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The Mechanisation of Natural Philosophy is devoted to various aspects of the transformation of natural philosophy during the 16th and 17th centuries that is usually described as mechanical philosophy . Drawing the border between the old Aristotelianism and the « new » mechanical philosophy faces historians with a delicate task, if not an impossible mission. There were many natural philosophers who actually crossed the border between the two worlds, and, inside each of these worlds, there was a vast spectrum of doctrines, arguments and intellectual practices. The expression mechanical philosophy is burdened with ambiguities. It may refer to at least three different enterprises: a description of nature in mathematical terms; the comparison of natural phenomena to existing or imaginary machines; the use in natural philosophy of mechanical analogies, i.e. analogies conceived in terms of matter and motion alone.However mechanical philosophy is defined, its ambition was greater than its real successes. There were few mathematisations of phenomena. The machines of mechanical philosophers were not only imaginary, but had little to do with the machines of mecanicians. In most of the natural sciences, analogies in terms of matter and motion alone failed to provide satisfactory accounts of phenomena.By the same authors: Mechanics and Natural Philosophy before the Scientific Revolution (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 254).

Inventing Disease and Pushing Pills

Inventing Disease and Pushing Pills
Author: Jörg Blech
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 148
Release: 2023-05-09
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1000938573

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This is a highly accessible and reassuring account of how the pharmaceutical industry is redefining health, making it a state that is almost impossible to achieve. Many normal life processes – states as natural as birth, ageing, sexuality, unhappiness and death – are systematically being reinterpreted as pathological so creating new markets for their treatments. In this enlightening book, Jörg Blech reveals: how the invention of diseases by pharmaceutical companies is turning us all into patients, and how we can protect ourselves against this how the medical profession has been bullied and co-opted into endorsing profitable cures for people who aren't ill fears about how pharmaceutical companies create markets by playing on the general public's concern with their health A self-help book in the truest sense, Inventing Disease and Pushing Pills reassures us about our own health. It is essential reading for doctors, nurses and patients alike.

The Reception of Darwinism in the Iberian World

The Reception of Darwinism in the Iberian World
Author: T.F Glick
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 308
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: History
ISBN: 9401006024

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I Twenty-five years ago, at the Conference on the Comparative Reception of Darwinism held at the University of Texas in 1972, only two countries of the Iberian world-Spain and Mexico-were represented.' At the time, it was apparent that the topic had attracted interest only as regarded the "mainstream" science countries of Western Europe, plus the United States. The Eurocentric bias of professional history of science was a fact. The sea change that subsequently occurred in the historiography of science makes 1972 appear something like the antediluvian era. Still, we would like to think that that meeting was prescient in looking beyond the mainstream science countries-as then perceived-in order to test the variation that ideas undergo as they pass from center to periphery. One thing that the comparative study of the reception of ideas makes abundantly clear, however, is the weakness of the center/periphery dichotomy from the perspective of the diffusion of scientific ideas. Catholics in mainstream countries, for example, did not handle evolution much better than did their corre1igionaries on the fringes. Conversely, Darwinians in Latin America were frequently better placed to advance Darwin's ideas in a social and political sense than were their fellow evolutionists on the Continent. The Texas meeting was also a marker in the comparative reception of scientific ideas, Darwinism aside. Although, by 1972, scientific institutions had been studied comparatively, there was no antecedent for the comparative history of scientific ideas.

Critical and Intensive Care Medicine - Medical School Crash Course

Critical and Intensive Care Medicine - Medical School Crash Course
Author: Audiolearn Medical Content Team
Publisher:
Total Pages: 208
Release: 2020-03-15
Genre:
ISBN:

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AudioLearn's Medical School Crash Courses presents Critical and Intensive Care Medicine. Written by experienced professors and professionally narrated by a medical doctor for accuracy, this crash course is a valuable tool both during school and when preparing for the USMLE, or if you're simply interested in the subject of critical and intensive care medicine. The audio is focused and high-yield, covering the most important topics you might expect to learn in a typical medical school critical and intensive care medicine course. Included are both capsule and detailed explanations of critical issues and topics you must know to master critical and intensive care medicine. The material is accurate, up-to-date, and broken down into bite-sized sections. There is a "Q&A" and a "key takeaways" section following each chapter to review questions commonly tested and drive home key points. In this course, we'll cover the following topics: Introduction to critical care Acid-base disorders Pulmonary Cardiovascular disorders Nephrology and electrolyte disorders Gastrointestinal diseases Neurology Endocrine Infectious diseases Toxicology Trauma Nutrition Special topics Also included is a comprehensive test containing the top 100 most commonly tested questions in critical and intensive care medicine with the correct answers. AudioLearn's Medical School Crash Courses support your studies, help with USMLE preparation, and provide a comprehensive audio review of the topic matter for anyone interested in what medical students are taught in a typical medical school critical and intensive care medicine course.

De Sphaera of Johannes de Sacrobosco in the Early Modern Period

De Sphaera of Johannes de Sacrobosco in the Early Modern Period
Author: Matteo Valleriani
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 406
Release: 2020-01-01
Genre: Astronomy
ISBN: 3030308332

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This open access book explores commentaries on an influential text of pre-Copernican astronomy in Europe. It features essays that take a close look at key intellectuals and how they engaged with the main ideas of this qualitative introduction to geocentric cosmology. Johannes de Sacrobosco compiled his Tractatus de sphaera during the thirteenth century in the frame of his teaching activities at the then recently founded University of Paris. It soon became a mandatory text all over Europe. As a result, a tradition of commentaries to the text was soon established and flourished until the second half of the 17th century. Here, readers will find an informative overview of these commentaries complete with a rich context. The essays explore the educational and social backgrounds of the writers. They also detail how their careers developed after the publication of their commentaries, the institutions and patrons they were affiliated with, what their agenda was, and whether and how they actually accomplished it. The editor of this collection considers these scientific commentaries as genuine scientific works. The contributors investigate them here not only in reference to the work on which it comments but also, and especially, as independent scientific contributions that are socially, institutionally, and intellectually contextualized around their authors.