Patterns, Thinking, and Cognition

Patterns, Thinking, and Cognition
Author: Howard Margolis
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 348
Release: 1987
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 9780226505282

Download Patterns, Thinking, and Cognition Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

What happens when we think? How do people make judgments? While different theories abound—and are heatedly debated—most are based on an algorithmic model of how the brain works. Howard Margolis builds a fascinating case for a theory that thinking is based on recognizing patterns and that this process is intrinsically a-logical. Margolis gives a Darwinian account of how pattern recognition evolved to reach human cognitive abilities. Illusions of judgment—standard anomalies where people consistently misjudge or misperceive what is logically implied or really present—are often used in cognitive science to explore the workings of the cognitive process. The explanations given for these anomalous results have generally explained only the anomaly under study and nothing more. Margolis provides a provocative and systematic analysis of these illusions, which explains why such anomalies exist and recur. Offering empirical applications of his theory, Margolis turns to historical cases to show how an individual's cognitive repertoire—the available cognitive patterns and their relation to cues—changes or resists changes over time. Here he focuses on the change in worldview occasioned by the Copernican discovery: not only how an individual might come to see things in a radically new way, but how it is possible for that new view to spread and become the dominant one. A reanalysis of the trial of Galileo focuses on social cognition and its interactions with politics. In challenging the prevailing paradigm for understanding how the human mind works, Patterns, Thinking, and Cognition is certain to stimulate fruitful debate.

Thinking and Problem Solving

Thinking and Problem Solving
Author: Robert J. Sternberg
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 488
Release: 1998-05-13
Genre: Education
ISBN: 9780126672602

Download Thinking and Problem Solving Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Thinking and Problem-Solving presents a comprehensive and up-to-date review of literature on cognition, reasoning, intelligence, and other formative areas specific to this field. Written for advanced undergraduates, researchers, and academics, this volume is a necessary reference for beginning and established investigators in cognitive and educational psychology. Thinking and Problem-Solving provides insight into questions such as: how do people solve complex problems in mathematics and everyday life? How do we generate new ideas? How do we piece together clues to solve a mystery, categorize novel events, and teach others to do the same? Provides a comprehensive literature review Covers both historical and contemporary approaches Organized for ease of use and reference Chapters authored by leading scholars

The Experience of Thinking

The Experience of Thinking
Author: Christian Unkelbach
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 289
Release: 2013-05-07
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1136157905

Download The Experience of Thinking Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

When retrieving a quote from memory, evaluating a testimony’s truthfulness, or deciding which products to buy, people experience immediate feelings of ease or difficulty, of fluency or disfluency. Such "experiences of thinking" occur with every cognitive process, including perceiving, processing, storing, and retrieving information, and they have been the defining element of a vibrant field of scientific inquiry during the last four decades. This book brings together the latest research on how such experiences of thinking influence cognition and behavior. The chapters present recent theoretical developments and describe the effects of these influences, as well as the practical implications of this research. The book includes contributions from the leading scholars in the field and provides a comprehensive survey of this expanding area. This integrative overview will be invaluable to researchers, teachers, students, and professionals in the field of social and cognitive psychology.

The Extended Mind

The Extended Mind
Author: Richard Menary
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 391
Release: 2010
Genre: Cognition
ISBN: 0262014033

Download The Extended Mind Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Leading scholars respond to the famous proposition by Andy Clark and David Chalmers that cognition and mind are not located exclusively in the head.

Adaptive Thinking

Adaptive Thinking
Author: Gerd Gigerenzer
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 370
Release: 2002-03-07
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780195153729

Download Adaptive Thinking Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Where do new ideas come from? What is social intelligence? Why do social scientists perform mindless statistical rituals? This vital book is about rethinking rationality as adaptive thinking: to understand how minds cope with their environments, both ecological and social.Gerd Gigerenzer proposes and illustrates a bold new research program that investigates the psychology of rationality, introducing the concepts of ecological, bounded, and social rationality. His path-breaking collection takes research on thinking, social intelligence, creativity, and decision-making out of an ethereal world where the laws of logic and probability reign, and places it into our real world of human behavior and interaction. Adaptive Thinking is accessibly written for general readers with an interest in psychology, cognitive science, economics, sociology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, and animal behavior. It also teaches a practical audience, such as physicians, AIDS counselors, and experts in criminal law, how to understand and communicate uncertainties and risks.

Seeing, Thinking and Knowing

Seeing, Thinking and Knowing
Author: A. Carsetti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 349
Release: 2006-04-11
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1402020813

Download Seeing, Thinking and Knowing Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

According to Putnam to talk of “facts” without specifying the language to be used is to talk of nothing; “object” itself has many uses and as we creatively invent new uses of words “we find that we can speak of ‘objects’that were not ‘values of any variable’in 1 any language we previously spoke” . The notion of object becomes, then, like the notion of reference, a sort of open land, an unknown territory. The exploration of this land - pears to be constrained by use and invention. But, we may wonder, is it possible to guide invention and control use? In what way, in particular, is it possible, at the level of na- ral language, to link together program expressions and natural evolution? To give an answer to these onerous questions we should immediately point out that cognition (as well as natural language) has to be considered first of all as a peculiar fu- tion of active biosystems and that it results from complex interactions between the - ganism and its surroundings. “In the moment an organism perceives an object of wh- ever kind, it immediately begins to ‘interpret’this object in order to react properly to it . . . It is not necessary for the monkey to perceive the tree in itself. . . What counts is sur- 2 vival” .

Creative Cognition

Creative Cognition
Author: Ronald A. Finke
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 255
Release: 1996-01-05
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0262560968

Download Creative Cognition Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Creative Cognition combines original experiments with existing work in cognitive psychology to provide the first explicit account of the cognitive processes and structures that contribute to creative thinking and discovery. Creative Cognition combines original experiments with existing work in cognitive psychology to provide the first explicit account of the cognitive processes and structures that contribute to creative thinking and discovery. In separate chapters, the authors take up visualization, concept formation, categorization, memory retrieval, and problem solving. They describe novel experimental methods for studying creative cognitive processes under controlled laboratory conditions, along with techniques that can be used to generate many different types of inventions and concepts. Unlike traditional approaches, Creative Cognition considers creativity as a product of numerous cognitive processes, each of which helps to set the stage for insight and discovery. It identifies many of these processes as well as general principles of creative cognition that can be applied across a variety of different domains, with examples in artificial intelligence, engineering design, product development, architecture, education, and the visual arts. Following a summary of previous approaches to creativity, the authors present a theoretical model of the creative process. They review research involving an innovative imagery recombination technique, developed by Finke, that clearly demonstrates that creative inventions can be induced in the laboratory. They then describe experiments in category learning that support the provocative claim that the factors constraining category formation similarly constrain imagination and illustrate the role of various memory processes and other strategies in creative problem solving.

Thinking about Cognition

Thinking about Cognition
Author: Robert J. Galavan
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Total Pages: 152
Release: 2021-11-22
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1801178240

Download Thinking about Cognition Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Thinking About Cognition is a collection of contributions that discusses frontiers of managerial and organizational cognition research, addresses the challenges we face, aims to inspire other scholars, and provide guidance on how to proceed.

Dimensions of Thinking and Cognitive Instruction

Dimensions of Thinking and Cognitive Instruction
Author: Beau Fly Jones
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 591
Release: 2013-05-13
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 113474613X

Download Dimensions of Thinking and Cognitive Instruction Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

By establishing a conceptual framework and a common language for educators to work together, this volume attempts to answer the challenge facing all teachers -- how can students improve the quality of their thinking? Methods of strengthening the thought process include: helping students learn to monitor their attention and commitments; asking questions that require students to organize, analyze, and integrate information; setting tasks that involve complex processes such as problem solving and research; and modeling and reinforcing fair-mindedness.

Cognition

Cognition
Author: Daniel T. Willingham
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Total Pages: 608
Release: 2007
Genre: Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN:

Download Cognition Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

This unique book helps readers understand why cognitive psychologists approach problems as they do. It explains the questions cognitive psychologists ask, gives clear answers, and provides interesting, lively and comprehensive coverage of controversies in the field. This book is a study of cognition: of how humans think. Topics covered include visual perception, attention, sensory and primary memory, memory encoding, memory retrieval, memory storage, motor control, visual imagery, decision making and deductive reasoning, problem solving, and language. For readers that are interested in understanding the mysteries of cognition, including psychiatrists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, and those in the field of cognitive neuroscience.