Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of a New (mercaptoimidazolyl)pyridine Ligand

Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of a New (mercaptoimidazolyl)pyridine Ligand
Author: Jessica Lauren Bongiovanni
Publisher:
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2011
Genre:
ISBN:

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A new mixed-donor ligand containing both pyridine and thione donor groups, o-(3-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazolyl)pyridine (o-mpyMe), has been synthesized. The ligand has good solubility and stability in organic solvents, as well as partial solubility in water. The coordination chemistry of this new ligand with metals such as manganese(I), rhenium(I), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(I), silver(I), zinc(II), cadmium(II), mercury(II), indium(III), antimony(III) and bismuth(III), leading to an assortment of coordination modes and reactivity. Most significantly, copper(I) complexes of o-mpyMe were prepared with the aim of generating potential synthetic analogues of the metal center in methanobactin, a copper-binding compound. Methanobactin (mb) is responsible for the uptake and transport of copper to the enzyme methane monooxygenase (MMO), which oxidizes methane gas to methanol in the global carbon cycle. The active site of mb consists of a tetrahedral Cu(I) center with N2S2 coordination. Characterization, reactivity and biological activity of [Cu(o-mpyMe)2]X (X = BF4, PF6) to determine if these complexes are viable analogues of methanobactin has been carried out.

Synthesis of Polydentate Ligands and TheFormation of Heterometallic and CircularHelicates

Synthesis of Polydentate Ligands and TheFormation of Heterometallic and CircularHelicates
Author: Martina Whitehead
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

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Described herein, is the synthesis and coordination chemistry of seven novel ligands L1 - L7. These ligands form metallosupramolecular assemblies upon coordination of transition metal ions resulting in heterodi- and hetreotrimetallic double helicates and penta- and tetranuclear cyclic helicates. Described in Chapter 2 is a new class of ditopic segmental pyridyl-thiazole(py-tz) N-donor ligands L1 - L3. Reaction of L1 with ZnII ions results in the formation of a dinuclear double helicate [Zn2(L1)2]4+. Reaction of L2 with either ZnII or HgII results in the formation of the L2-containing dinuclear double helicates [Zn2(L2)2]4+ and [Hg2(L2)2]4+. However, reaction with both ZnII or HgII results in the sole formation of the heterodimetallic helicate [HgZn(L2)2]+. Both metal ions are 6-coordinate but the HgII ion is coordinated by the two py-tz-py units whereas the ZnII ion is coordinated by the py-py-tz domain. The reason that these isomeric sites have different preferences for each of the metal ions is due to the position of the thiazole unit within the terdentate domains, as in the central position the thiazole unit increases the?bite angle? of the donor unit making it more suitable for the larger HgII. Conversely the py-py-tz domain has a smaller bite angle and it more suited to the smaller ZnII ion. Reaction of L3 with ZnII, HgII and CuII results in the formation of a heterometallic trinuclear double helicate [HH-[HgCuZn(L3)2]5+. In a similar fashion to L2, the ZnII ion coordinated by the terdentate py-py-tz domain and the HgII coordinated by the py-tz-py domain. The central bipyridine unit coordinates the tetrahedral CuII ion resulting in the first reported example of a heterotrimetallic double helicate. Described in Chapter 4 is a potentially hexadentate N-donor ligand L4, which upon reaction with CdII results in the formation of a dinuclear double helicate [Cd2(L4)2]4+. In this structure the ligand partitions into two tridentate tz-py-py domains each of which coordinate a different metal ion. However, reaction of L4 with ZnII results in the formation of a pentanuclear circular helicate [Zn5(L4)5]10+, with all the five zinc ions adopting a octahedral coordination geometry arising from the coordination of the two tridentate tz-py-py domains from two different ligand strands. This difference in structure is attributed to unfavourable steric interactions which prevent the formation of [Zn2(L4)2]4+ but these unfavourable interactions are not present with the larger Cd2+ ion. Described in Chapter 5 are the potentially pentadentate and tetradentate ligands L5 and L6, respectively. The ligand L5 contains both a bidentate and tridentate binding site separated by a phenylene spacer unit. Reaction of L5 with CuII results in the formation of a pentanuclear circular helicate [Cu5(L5)5]10+. Each of the CuII ions adopts a 5-coordinate geometry formed by coordination of the bidentate domain of one ligand strand and the tridentate domain of a different ligand. As a result this gives a head-to-tail pentanuclear double helicate. Reaction of L6 and L4 (Chapter 4) with CuII results in the formation of a heteroleptic pentanuclear circular helicate [Cu5(L4)3(L6)2]10+. The cyclic array consists of five copper(II) ions, coordinated by three strands of L4 and two strands of L6. In this species four of the CuII adopt a 5- coordinate geometry arising from coordination of a tridentate domain from L4 and a bidentate domain from L6. The remaining copper ion is coordinated by two tridentate domains from L4 resulting in an octahedral coordination geometry. Described in Chapter 6 is the potentially hexadentate N-donor ligand L7 which comprises of two identical tridentate py-py-tz N3 binding domains separated by a pyrene unit. Reaction of L7 with ZnII results in the formation of a tetranuclear circular helicate [Zn4(L7)4]8+ with all four zinc metal ions adopting a six-coordinate geometry arising from the coordination of two tridentate pypy- tz units from two different ligand strands. The formation of this lower nuclearity species (e.g. tetranuclear rather than pentanuclear) is attributed to the p-stacking between the pyrene unit and the py-py-tz domain.

Synthesis, Characterization and Coordination Chemistry of Pincer Ligands Based on (benzannulated) Pyridines

Synthesis, Characterization and Coordination Chemistry of Pincer Ligands Based on (benzannulated) Pyridines
Author: Jason Braun
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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The idea of 'non-innocent' ligands is that the site of chemical or redox activity on a coordination complex may not be solely limited to the central atom. Ligands may participate either by themselves or in cooperation with a central atom to facilitate electron-transfer and/or chemical reactivity in a more active fashion than in a typical coordination complex. Each of the projects explored in this thesis include the common theme of pyridine-based pincer-type ligands, their coordination to late transition metals and main group elements, and how the reactivity and properties of these complexes involves both the ligand and the ligated element. To do so, a comprehensive investigation of the electronic structure of complexes supported by pincer-type, 'NNN' ligands is also described. Diiminepyridine ligands tend to actively participate in the chemistry of their complexes. Taking advantage of these non-innocent ligands has allowed for the stabilization of unusual oxidation states of transition metal complexes as well as the facilitation of chemical transformations with metals unable to do so using spectator ligands. Pseudo-octahedral iron complexes of these ligands exhibit multiple reversible reductions and are shown to be viable candidates as anolytes for redox flow battery applications. In synthesizing these, a synthetic scheme to prepare these ligands with electron withdrawing groups on the flanking aryl groups was developed, opening up the chemical space for these new ligands in the already well-established field of diiminepyridine ligand chemistry. In addition, bulky analogues engender stabilization of phosphorus complexes in the +1 and +3 oxidations states, not seen before with traditional diiminepyridine ligands. The synthetic route to diarlyamido ligands comprised of flanking quinoline (2,3-benzopyridine) and phenanthridine (3,4-benzoquinoline) donors has also been developed and the coordination of these monoanionic ligands to a variety of late transition metals and main group elements was explored. Several aspects of this ligand can be deemed non-innocent and will be highlighted throughout the course of this thesis. We see an unusual electronic environment of pseudo-octahedral iron complexes of these ligands that exhibit record length charge-transfer excited states and panchromatic absorption. Exchanging the central metal can bring about mixed-valent species upon oxidation evidenced by strong absorption in the near infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum that significantly depends on metal-ligand orbital overlap.

Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Polypyridyl Amide Ligands

Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Polypyridyl Amide Ligands
Author: Maisara Abdul Kadir
Publisher:
Total Pages: 331
Release: 2012
Genre: Coordination compounds
ISBN:

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This thesis provides an account of the synthesis and study of fifteen amide-containing polypyridyl ligands, eleven of which are new compounds. These ligands all possess at least one amide moiety, potentially capable of anion binding and one or more pendant pyridyl donor groups as the metal coordinating sites. A further evolution over previously reported compounds is that a majority of the amide compounds incorporate a pre-organised amide component that will constitute the anion binding region. The alkyl and phenyl spacers were utilised to confer flexibility to these compounds and to extend the spacing between the anion binding moiety and the pendant metal complexing groups. The compounds investigated in this work are divided into three categories; (i) unsymmetrical monoamide ligands that possess one amide functional group, one ester protected carboxylate and one external donor pyridyl moiety; (ii) symmetrical flexible amide ligands that possess two or more internal amide groups and two external pyridyl metal coordinating sites, and; (iii) symmetrical amide bridging ligands that incorporate two di-2-pyridylmethylamine chelating motifs. The coordination chemistry and metallo-supramolecular chemistry of these ligands was investigated with a range of late transition metals including cadmium(II), copper(II), cobalt(II), silver(I), zinc(II) and palladium(II). Palladium(II) precursors, with a selection of monodentate or bidentate chelating ancillary blocking ligands, were utilised to form discrete mono- and dinuclear assemblies with a view to investigating anion complexation in solution. Other transition metal precursors were studied with a focus on the synthesis of coordination polymers that display anion coordinating pockets.