Modern Terpyridine Chemistry

Modern Terpyridine Chemistry
Author: Ulrich S. Schubert
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 237
Release: 2006-08-21
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3527608427

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The first book to didactically illustrate this particular, prominent class of supramolecular building-blocks covers topics ranging from terpyridine syntheses, via their chemistry and properties, supramolecular structures, and multinuclear metal complexes, right up to functionalized polymers, 3D-architectures, and surfaces. Invaluable for students and lecturers in chemistry and biochemistry, materials scientists, as well as polymer, complex and physicochemists.

Terpyridine-based Materials

Terpyridine-based Materials
Author: Ulrich S. Schubert
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 562
Release: 2012-09-25
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3527639632

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In recent years, the utilization of terpyridines both in macromolecular structure assembly and device chemistry has exploded, enabling, for example, supramolecular polymer architectures with switchable chemical and physical properties as well as novel functional materials for optoelectronic applications such as light-emitting diodes and solar cells. Further applications include the usage of terpyridines and their metal complexes as catalysts for asymmetric organic reactions and, in a biological context, as anti-tumor agents or biolabels. This book covers terpyridine-based materials topics ranging from syntheses, chemistry, and multinuclear metal complexes, right up to functionalized polymers, 3D-architectures, and surfaces. Aimed at materials scientists, (in)organic chemists, polymer chemists, complex chemists, physical chemists, biochemists, and libraries.

Transition Metals in Supramolecular Chemistry

Transition Metals in Supramolecular Chemistry
Author: L. Fabbrizzi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 445
Release: 2013-03-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401583803

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Since the pioneering publications on coordination chemistry by Lehn and Pedersen in the late 1960s, coupled with the more orthodox interest from the transition metal chemists on template reactions (Busch, 1964), the field of supramolecular chemistry has grown at an astonishing rate. The use of transition metals as essential constituents of multi-component assemblies has been especially sharp in recent years, since the metals are prone to quick and reversible redox changes, and there is a wide variety of metal--ligand interactions. Such properties make supramolecular complexes of transition metal ions suitable candidates for exploration as light--energy converters and signal processors. Transition Metals in Supramolecular Chemistry focuses on the following main topics: (1) metal controlled organization of novel molecular assemblies and shapes; (2) design of molecular switches and devices operating through metal centres; (3) supramolecular catalysts that mimic metalloenzymes; (4) metal-containing sensory reagents and supramolecular recognition; and (5) molecular materials that display powerful electronic, optoelectronic and magnetic properties.

Supramolecular Chemistry of Functionalized Terpyridines

Supramolecular Chemistry of Functionalized Terpyridines
Author: Ibrahim Eryazici
Publisher:
Total Pages: 309
Release: 2007
Genre: Ligands
ISBN:

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"Highly ordered, regularly repeating molecular architectures, constructed via self-assembly techniques, have gained importance over the last three decades due to their potential utilitarian applications. A key construction strategy has relied on the synthesis of specific building blocks capable of forming 'higher-ordered' stable structures that have useful properties that can be used as molecular and supramolecular devices. To this end, mono and bis(terpyridine) ligands have been widely used because of their well known photochemical and electronic properties, as well as their ability to facilitate directed, metal-mediated self-assembly. However, limited accessibility to unsymmetrically functionalized terpyridines has restricted their potential use in the construction of more complex infrastructures. For this purpose, methyl-, methoxy-carbonyl- and cyano-substitution patterns on the 4,4"--Positions of 4'-arylterpyridine were chosen since these functionalities afforded simple routes to a variety of useful substituted building blocks for higher-ordered supramacromolecular architectures. Single crystal X-ray studies of these terpyridines revealed that molecules of the diester terpyridine (approximately coplanar) are stacked by the overlap of the central pyridine rings in consecutive layers with mean interplanar distances of 3.4 Å (pi - pi interactions) in the solid state. Moreover, functionalized bis(terpyridine) ligands were achieved via the Kröhnke method and Pd(0) coupling strategy using either 1,3-toluenylbisboronic acid or 1,3-diethynyltoluene with meta- or para-I or Br-phenylterpyridines. A dinuclear tetracationic Fe(II) complex was prepared via metal-directed self-assembly. The chair-like molecular architecture was primarily characterized by X-ray crystallography, mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS), as well as 1H NMR, UV-vis, and CV experiments. Crystal packing of this metallomacrocycle revealed that it formed channels that encapsulated water and MeCN. The low temperature 1H NMR studies suggested that tpy-Fe-tpy moieties in the dimer were interlocked and resembled a spur gear relationship. Surprisingly, dinuclear and trinuclear metallomacrocycles were formed when 1,3-bis(2,2';6',2"-terpyridine-4'-phen-3-ylethynyl)toluene was treated with equimolar amount of Ru(II) that was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass and NMR spectroscopy. The construction of a heteronuclear (Ru4Fe2) hexameric metallomacrocycle with methyl- and carbonyl-functionalized bis(terpyridyl) moieties was achieves by Pd(0) coupling strategy for potential solar cell applications and supramolecular aggregation of the resulting hexamers through H-bonding. Carboxylic acid functionalized mono- and dinuclear homo- and heteroleptic Ru(II) percursors were also prepared for the same purposes. The single crystal X-ray structure of a homoleptic Ru(II) complex with tetra-ethoxycarbonyl and di(iodo) groups revealed short iodo-carbonyl interactions."--abstract.

Anion Coordination Chemistry

Anion Coordination Chemistry
Author: Kristin Bowman-James
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 644
Release: 2012-03-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3527639519

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Building on the pioneering work in supramolecular chemistry from the last 20 years or so, this monograph addresses new and recent approaches to anion coordination chemistry. Synthesis of receptors, biological receptors and metallareceptors, the energetics of anion binding, molecular structures of anion complexes, sensing devices are presented and computational studies addressed to aid with the understanding of the different driving forces responsible for anion complexation. The reader is promised an actual picture of the state of the art for this exciting and constantly evolving field of supramolecular anion coordination chemistry. The topics range from ion channels to selective sensors, making it attractive to all researchers and PhD students with an interest in supramolecular chemistry.

Design and Construction of Metallo-supramolecular Terpyridine Architectures

Design and Construction of Metallo-supramolecular Terpyridine Architectures
Author: Yi-Tsu Chan
Publisher:
Total Pages: 188
Release: 2010
Genre: Macrocyclic compounds
ISBN:

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Beyond molecular chemistry, supramolecular chemistry focuses on constructing highly complicated and functional systems from chemical species held together by intermolecular non-covalent interactions. Metal-ligand coordinative interaction plays an important role in construction of supramolecules; 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine (tpy) is one ligand that has been widely used in this arena. Bis(terpyridine) ligands with suitable geometry are able to form cyclic structures upon complexation with metal ions. Either by a stepwise procedure or by a self-assembled process, a series of metallomacrocyles containing tpy-M-tpy units (M = metal) has been constructed and isolated. Self-assembly using the labile tpy-Cd[superscript II]-tpy connectivity provides access in quantitative yields to hexacadmium macrocycles that were characterized by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM-MS), which enhances the resolving power of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry by adding shape-dependent dispersion and completely deconvolutes the isotope patterns of different charge states, as well as avoids isomer superposition. The self-assembly of a series of Cd[superscript II] metallomacrocycles with different sizes and architectures has been achieved by controlling the stoichiometry and shapes of the building blocks. Novel approaches to the development of artificial multivalent carbohydrate conjugate objects remain an important area of research due to their strong and specific interactions with receptors. Integrating carbohydrates with metallomacrocycles, linear or branched sugar-functionalized 3,5-di(terpyridinyl)arenes have been synthesized and shown to self-assemble using Fe[superscript II] into hexameric and pentameric macrocycles. The self-assembled nanofibers of both macrocycles were generated by slowly diffusing the nonpolar solvent hexane into a homogeneous solution of the complexes in CHCl3/MeOH/MeCN. In order to fabricate nanometer-sized materials from predesigned building blocks, a bottom-up approach has been used to incorporate Au nanorods (NRs) into multicomponent structures containing tpy-FeII-tpy connectivity. This was the first example of Au NR assembly to afford predominately end-to-end linear and branched nanoarchitectures using metal complexes, which can be disassembled under mild conditions.

Tuning the Properties of Metal-ligand Complexes to Modify the Properties of Supramolecular Materials

Tuning the Properties of Metal-ligand Complexes to Modify the Properties of Supramolecular Materials
Author: Ian M. Henderson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 193
Release: 2012
Genre: Ligand exchange chromatography
ISBN:

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Supramolecular chemistry is the study of discreet molecules assembled into more complex structures though non-covalent interactions such as host-guest effects, pi-pi stacking, electrostatic effects, hydrogen bonding, and metal-ligand interactions. Using these interactions, complex hierarchical assembles can be created from relatively simple precursors. Of the supramolecular interactions listed above, metal-ligand interactions are of particular interest due to the wide possible properties which they present. Factors such as the denticity, polarizability, steric hindrance, ligand structure, and the metal used (among others) contribute to a dramatic range in the physical properties of the metal-ligand complexes. Particularly affected by these factors are the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the complexes. As a result metal-ligand interactions can vary from inert to extremely transient. Of the vast number of ligands available for study, this dissertation will center on substituted terpyridine ligands, with a particular focus on terpyridine-functionalized polymers. While polymer-functionalized terpyridine ligands and their complexes with transition metals have been heavily studied, the physical properties, particularly the effects of polymer functionalization on the stability of bis complexes of terpyridines, remain unexplored. In the course of investigating the kinetic stability of these complexes, polymer functionalization techniques were developed which were found to increase the stability of the metal-ligand interactions compared to conventional techniques. In addition to studying the effect of terpyridine substituents, the effects of solvent on the stability of the complexes was studied as well. As polymer-bound terpyridine complexes are often studied in solvents other than water, knowledge of the stability of the complexes in organic solvents is important to create supramolecular structures with more precisely controlled properties. It was found that, for unsubstituted terpyridyl complexes, the stability of the complexes varied by as many as five orders of magnitude in common solvents. It is believed that this decrease in stability is the result of the ability of the solvent to facilitate the movement of the ligands from the first and second coordination spheres. Although a large part of this dissertation is dedicated to the study of the kinetic stability of terpyridine complexes, synthetic techniques involving terpyridine and its complexes were investigated as well. It was found that terpyridine functionalized polystyrene could be produced by direction functionalization of terpyridine with polystyryllithium. Additionally heterloleptic terpyridine-based iron complexes were produced with high purity by reduction of the mono terpyridine complex of iron(III) in the presence of a second, functionalized terpyridine ligand. The culmination of these studies was the synthesis of supramolecular organogels, which were crosslinked using metal-terpyridine complexes, yielding dynamic mechanical properties could be broadly tuned by varying the metal used to form the crosslinks.

Separations and Reactions in Organic Supramolecular Chemistry

Separations and Reactions in Organic Supramolecular Chemistry
Author: Fumio Toda
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2004-04-21
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0470020253

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A new volume in the "Perspectives in Supramolecular Chemistry" series focusing on separating supramolecular structures, a key step in supramolecular chemistry. Two guest editors have been at the forefront of the development of chromatographical methods to deal with supramolecular systems. Reactions of supramolecular structures show the way into the future of chemistry. Fumio Toda is one of the driving forces in the development of supramolecular separation systems. A practical title in the prestigious “Perspectives in Supramolecular Chemistry” series.