The Rise and Fall of the Age of Psychopharmacology

The Rise and Fall of the Age of Psychopharmacology
Author: Edward Shorter
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 449
Release: 2021
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0197574432

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In The Rise and Fall of the Age of Psychopharmacology, esteemed historian Edward Shorter proposes that the recent history of psychiatry is that of a failed scientific discipline of medicine. Medicine generally is about the story of progress, but psychiatry's story is that of failure in diagnosis, in therapeutics, and in the ability to deliver science-based care to suffering individuals.

The Rise and Fall of the Age of Psychopharmacology

The Rise and Fall of the Age of Psychopharmacology
Author: Edward Shorter
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 449
Release: 2021-08-25
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0197574459

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The Age of Psychopharmacology began with a brilliant rise in the 1950s, when for the first time science entered the study of drugs that affect the brain and mind. But, esteemed historian Edward Shorter argues that there has been a recent fall, as the field has seen its drug offerings impoverished and its diagnoses distorted by the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders." The new drugs, such as Prozac, have been less effective than the old. The new diagnoses, such as "major depression," have strayed increasingly from the real disorders of most patients. Behind this disaster has been the invasion of the field by the pharmaceutical industry. This invasion has paid off commercially but not scientifically: There have been no new classes of psychiatry drugs in the last thirty years. Given that psychiatry's diagnoses and therapeutics have largely failed, the field has greatly declined from earlier days. Based on extensive research discovered in litigation, Shorter provides a historical perspective of change and decline over time, concluding that the story of the psychopharmacology is a story of a public health disaster.

Psychopharmacology Reconsidered

Psychopharmacology Reconsidered
Author: Robert Haim Belmaker
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 219
Release: 2023-10-18
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3031403711

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This thought-provoking book covers the full range of psychopharmacologic practice in textbook fashion, offering a fresh and comprehensive self-examination. Unlike conventional texts of psychopharmacology, this text speaks directly to clinicians who have started to question the limitations of psychopharmacologic claims and the rigid confines of DSM-5 diagnoses. Drawing from their clinical and research experience as well as new literature, the well-published authors provide a new perspective that encourages readers to reevaluate established practices and embrace that medication is just one component of treatment and has limits. The book could be used by psychiatric residents in their course of study, by clinical psychology students taking a psychopharmacology course, or by psychiatrists curious to get a readable but comprehensive look at new critical viewpoints in psychopharmacology that have changed since they were taught. Many neuroscience students who are looking for a review of clinical effects to guide their basic research may also find the proposed text more useful than those texts that collate clinical trials. Current texts are for specialized scientists or are part of multi-authored texts which list drugs alphabetically with no conceptual framework, or books that pretend that each biochemical drug property has a clear and known clinical result presented in cartoon style. Some lesser known texts for psychology or nursing students are not authoritative. Others aimed at patients or families are too simplistic for clinicians. The authors’ goal was to create a unified text expressing their view of psychopharmacology, its evidence base, the unity of its essential principles, and its independence of DSM or ICD diagnosis. Several new history books describe the "rise and fall" of psychopharmacology, the corruption of big pharma and the failure of large controlled clinical trials. Psychopharmacology Reconsidered: A Concise Guide Exploring the Limits of Diagnosis and Treatment ensures that young clinicians are aware of and understand this critical zeitgeist but aware also of the essential core of psychopharmacology and the evidence upon which it rests.

Anatomy of an Epidemic

Anatomy of an Epidemic
Author: Robert Whitaker
Publisher: Crown
Total Pages: 418
Release: 2010-04-13
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0307452433

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Updated with bonus material, including a new foreword and afterword with new research, this New York Times bestseller is essential reading for a time when mental health is constantly in the news. In this astonishing and startling book, award-winning science and history writer Robert Whitaker investigates a medical mystery: Why has the number of disabled mentally ill in the United States tripled over the past two decades? Interwoven with Whitaker’s groundbreaking analysis of the merits of psychiatric medications are the personal stories of children and adults swept up in this epidemic. As Anatomy of an Epidemic reveals, other societies have begun to alter their use of psychiatric medications and are now reporting much improved outcomes . . . so why can’t such change happen here in the United States? Why have the results from these long-term studies—all of which point to the same startling conclusion—been kept from the public? Our nation has been hit by an epidemic of disabling mental illness, and yet, as Anatomy of an Epidemic reveals, the medical blueprints for curbing that epidemic have already been drawn up. Praise for Anatomy of an Epidemic “The timing of Robert Whitaker’s Anatomy of an Epidemic, a comprehensive and highly readable history of psychiatry in the United States, couldn’t be better.”—Salon “Anatomy of an Epidemic offers some answers, charting controversial ground with mystery-novel pacing.”—TIME “Lucid, pointed and important, Anatomy of an Epidemic should be required reading for anyone considering extended use of psychiatric medicine. Whitaker is at the height of his powers.” —Greg Critser, author of Generation Rx

Before Prozac

Before Prozac
Author: Edward Shorter
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 321
Release: 2009
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0195368746

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In this volume, Shorter presents a revealing account of why psychiatry is 'losing ground' in the struggle to treat depression. It focuses on an unexpected villain - the FDA, the very agency charged with ensuring drug safety and effectiveness. Shorter describes how the FDA permits companies to test new products only against placebo.

A History of Psychiatry

A History of Psychiatry
Author: Edward Shorter
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 454
Release: 1998-03-03
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0471245313

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"PPPP . . . To compress 200 years of psychiatric theory and practice into a compelling and coherent narrative is a fine achievement . . . . What strikes the reader [most] are Shorter's storytelling skills, his ability to conjure up the personalities of the psychiatrists who shaped the discipline and the conditions under which they and their patients lived."--Ray Monk The Mail on Sunday magazine, U.K. "An opinionated, anecdote-rich history. . . . While psychiatrists may quibble, and Freudians and other psychoanalysts will surely squawk, those without a vested interest will be thoroughly entertained and certainly enlightened."--Kirkus Reviews. "Shorter tells his story with immense panache, narrative clarity, and genuinely deep erudition."--Roy Porter Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. In A History of Psychiatry, Edward Shorter shows us the harsh, farcical, and inspiring realities of society's changing attitudes toward and attempts to deal with its mentally ill and the efforts of generations of scientists and physicians to ease their suffering. He paints vivid portraits of psychiatry's leading historical figures and pulls no punches in assessing their roles in advancing or sidetracking our understanding of the origins of mental illness. Shorter also identifies the scientific and cultural factors that shaped the development of psychiatry. He reveals the forces behind the unparalleled sophistication of psychiatry in Germany during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as well as the emergence of the United States as the world capital of psychoanalysis. This engagingly written, thoroughly researched, and fiercely partisan account is compelling reading for anyone with a personal, intellectual, or professional interest in psychiatry.

Psychiatry and Its Discontents

Psychiatry and Its Discontents
Author: Andrew Scull
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Total Pages: 376
Release: 2021-06-08
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0520383133

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"Psychiatry and Its Discontents provides a wide-ranging and critical perspective on the psychiatric enterprise. The book's historical sweep is broad, ranging from the age of the asylum to the rise of psychopharmacology and the dubious triumphs of "community care." Freud and Foucault, Christian Science and Scientology, psychosurgery and modern drug treatments, trauma and the effects of war on the human psyche, the siren song of neuroscience, and the predicaments confronting the profession at the dawn of the new millennium are but some of the issues considered here. Collectively, the essays that make up Psychiatry and Its Discontents provide a vivid and compelling portrait of the recurring crises of legitimacy that mad-doctors (as they were once called) have endured, and of the impact of psychiatry's ideas and interventions on the lives of those afflicted with mental illness" --

The Curious History of Medicines in Psychiatry

The Curious History of Medicines in Psychiatry
Author: Wallace B. Mendelson
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2020-01-18
Genre:
ISBN: 9780578637877

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In the years following World War II, there were no effective medicines for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depression. There were not even names for such things- words like 'antipsychotic', 'mood stabilizer','antidepressant' or 'tranquilizer' had not even come into being. Within the next two decades all these types of medicines were developed.Most of these discoveries occurred inadvertently, often with a chance observation by a physician or scientist who was looking for something else. Who would have predicted that war surplus fuel from German V2 rockets would be used to develop a new tuberculosis drug, and that a doctor prescribing it noticed that patients felt more hopeful, and thought this might be useful for depression? Or that a scientist testing a preservative for penicillin noticed that animals became quieter, and wondered if it might be a helpful treatment for human anxiety?In this book Dr. Mendelson, a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, draws upon forty years of experience studying medicines to describe how they were found, as well as the context of world events and the lives of the discoverers.

The Trials of Psychedelic Therapy

The Trials of Psychedelic Therapy
Author: Matthew Oram
Publisher: JHU Press
Total Pages: 413
Release: 2018-10-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1421426218

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The rise—and fall—of research into the therapeutic potential of LSD. After LSD arrived in the United States in 1949, the drug's therapeutic promise quickly captured the interests of psychiatrists. In the decade that followed, modern psychopharmacology was born and research into the drug's perceptual and psychological effects boomed. By the early 1960s, psychiatrists focused on a particularly promising treatment known as psychedelic therapy: a single, carefully guided, high-dose LSD session coupled with brief but intensive psychotherapy. Researchers reported an astounding 50 percent success rate in treating chronic alcoholism, as well as substantial improvement in patients suffering from a range of other disorders. Yet despite this success, LSD officially remained an experimental drug only. Research into its effects, psychological and otherwise, dwindled before coming to a close in the 1970s. In The Trials of Psychedelic Therapy, Matthew Oram traces the early promise and eventual demise of LSD psychotherapy in the United States. While the common perception is that LSD's prohibition terminated legitimate research, Oram draws on files from the Food and Drug Administration and the personal papers of LSD researchers to reveal that the most significant issue was not the drug's illegality, but the persistent question of its efficacy. The landmark Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments of 1962 installed strict standards for efficacy evaluation, which LSD researchers struggled to meet due to the unorthodox nature of their treatment. Exploring the complex interactions between clinical science, regulation, and therapeutics in American medicine, The Trials of Psychedelic Therapy explains how an age of empirical research and limited government oversight gave way to sophisticated controlled clinical trials and complex federal regulations. Analyzing the debates around how to understand and evaluate treatment efficacy, this book will appeal to anyone with an interest in LSD and psychedelics, as well as mental health professionals, regulators, and scholars of the history of psychiatry, psychotherapy, drug regulation, and pharmaceutical research and development.

DSM

DSM
Author: Allan V. Horwitz
Publisher: JHU Press
Total Pages: 228
Release: 2021-08-17
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1421440695

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Diagnosing Mental Illness -- The Initial DSMs -- The Path to a Diagnostic Revolution -- The DSM-III -- The DSM-IIIR and DSM-IV -- The DSM-5's Failed Revolution -- The DSM as a Social Creation.