The Political Economy Of Reforming Agricultural Support Policies
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Author | : Vos, Rob |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 45 |
Release | : 2023-01-27 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : |
Download The political economy of reforming agricultural support policies Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Agricultural support policies cost more than US$800 billion per year in transfers to the farm sector worldwide. Support policies based on subsidies and trade barriers are highly distortive to markets and are also regressive as most support is provided to larger farmers. On balance, the incentives this support creates appear to increase greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. In addition, some subsidies undermine the production of more nutrient-dense commodities that are otherwise critical for the improvement of dietary outcomes. This paper first highlights that better outcomes could be achieved if even a small portion of agricultural subsidies were repurposed into investments in research and development (R&D) dedicated to productivity-enhancing and emission-reducing technologies. This would create multiple wins — mitigating global climate change, reducing poverty, increasing food security, and improving nutrition. Nonetheless, the political economy challenges to doing so are sizeable. Because current support policies are often politically popular and serve well-organized interests, reform is difficult without committed political leadership and multilateral collaboration. Using several case studies of both successful and failed changes of agricultural support policies in China, India, and the EU and the United States, we highlight lessons learned about the political economy constraints on and possibilities for reform.
Author | : Rob Vos |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2022 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download The Political Economy of Reforming Agricultural Support Policies Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : Johan Swinnen |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 264 |
Release | : 2018-05-24 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1137501022 |
Download The Political Economy of Agricultural and Food Policies Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Winner of the European Association of Agricultural Economists Book Award Food and agriculture have been subject to heavy-handed government interventions throughout much of history and across the globe, both in developing and in developed countries. Today, more than half a trillion US dollars are spent by some governments to support farmers, while other governments impose regulations and taxes that hurt farmers. Some policies, such as price regulations and tariffs, distribute income but reduce total welfare by introducing economic distortions. Other policies, such as public investments in research, food standards, or land reforms, may increase total welfare, but these policies come also with distributional effects. These distributional effects influence the preferences of interest groups and in turn influence policy decisions. Political considerations are therefore crucial to understand how agricultural and food policies are determined, to identify the constraints within which welfare-enhancing reforms are possible (or not), and finally to understand how coalitions can be created to stimulate growth and reduce poverty.
Author | : Mamun, Abdullah |
Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
Total Pages | : 56 |
Release | : 2019-12-18 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : |
Download Reforming agricultural support for improved environmental outcomes Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Agricultural support has changed substantially in both rich and poor countries in recent years. In rich countries, there has been a strong move to decoupled subsidies and a fall in average rates of protection. In developing countries, market price support remains the dominant form of protection and average rates of support have risen—breaking the traditional pattern of taxing agriculture. Emissions from agriculture and land use change have contributed up to a third of total greenhouse gas emissions, with beef, milk and rice production accounting for more than 80 percent of agricultural emissions. Agricultural support was biased against emission-intensive goods until recent years and is now only slightly biased towards them. Although emission intensities are relatively higher in the developing countries, they have fallen far more rapidly in developing countries than in the rich countries in the past quarter-century, as agricultural productivity has grown in developing countries. Policy reform will be challenging given the strong political-economy support for the current structure of protection. Increasing investments in research and development to raise productivity and lower the emissions intensity of agricultural output would help agriculture and the environment.
Author | : Johan F. M. Swinnen |
Publisher | : CEPS |
Total Pages | : 192 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : Agriculture and state |
ISBN | : 9290797665 |
Download The Perfect Storm Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : David Orden |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 300 |
Release | : 1999-10 |
Genre | : Art |
ISBN | : 9780226632643 |
Download Policy Reform in American Agriculture Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Students of public policy and practitioners within the farm program arena will find theis book an essential source of insight, information, and original cross-disciplinary argument."--BOOK JACKET.
Author | : Geoff Miller |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 152 |
Release | : 1987 |
Genre | : Agricultural price supports |
ISBN | : |
Download The Political Economy of International Agricultural Policy Reform Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : Abdullah Mamun |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 56 |
Release | : 2020 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Reforming Agricultural Support for Improved Environmental Outcomes Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Agricultural support has changed substantially in both rich and poor countries in recent years. In rich countries, there has been a strong move to decoupled subsidies and a fall in average rates of protection. In developing countries, market price support remains the dominant form of protection and average rates of support have risen -- breaking the traditional pattern of taxing agriculture. Emissions from agriculture and land use change have contributed up to a third of total greenhouse gas emissions, with beef, milk and rice production accounting for more than 80 percent of agricultural emissions. Agricultural support was biased against emission-intensive goods until recent years and is now only slightly biased towards them. Although emission intensities are relatively higher in the developing countries, they have fallen far more rapidly in developing countries than in the rich countries in the past quarter-century, as agricultural productivity has grown in developing countries. Policy reform will be challenging given the strong political-economy support for the current structure of protection. Increasing investments in research and development to raise productivity and lower the emissions intensity of agricultural output would help agriculture and the environment.
Author | : Virgil Ball |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 344 |
Release | : 2010-07-27 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1441963855 |
Download The Economic Impact of Public Support to Agriculture Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Despite a gradual and sustained decline in the contribution of agriculture to the economies of the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the sector remains socially and politically important. Although agriculture accounts for less than 2% of the gross domestic product of the OECD countries, it occupies over 35% of their total land area. Predominantly rural regions, where agriculture remains particularly important, contain almost one quarter of the population of OECD countries. The past quarter century has witnessed signi?cant changes in agricultural po- cies in OECD countries. Although total support remains high, a shift has taken place from price-linked measures to direct income support, most notably in the European Union. Policies have been adapted to meet pressing social concerns, such as ens- ing food security and improving environmental quality. OECD countries face major economic issues due to the ageing of their populations and the need to adapt to gl- alization and increasing competition from emerging economies. Continued pressure to reform agricultural policies will be exerted by the need to economize on the use of scarce public resources. At the same time, agriculture faces new challenges g- erated by climate change, the “greening” of the economy, increasing scarcity of energy and water, and the demands placed on the food system by an expanding world population.
Author | : Johan F.M. Swinnen |
Publisher | : Rowman & Littlefield |
Total Pages | : 597 |
Release | : 2015-07-30 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1783484853 |
Download The Political Economy of the 2014-2020 Common Agricultural Policy Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
After five years of debates, consultations and negotiations, the European institutions reached an agreement in 2013 on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the 2014-2020 period. The outcome has major implications for the EU’s budget and farmers’ incomes, but also for Europe’s environment, its contribution to global climate change and to food security in the EU and in the world. It was decided to spend more than €400 billion during the rest of the decade on the CAP. The official claims are that the new CAP will take better account of society's expectations and lead to far-reaching changes by making subsidies fairer and ‘greener’ and making the CAP more efficient. It is also asserted that the CAP will play a key part in achieving the overall objective of promoting smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. However, there is significant scepticism about these claims and disappointment with the outcome of the decision-making, the first in which the European Parliament was involved under the co-decision procedure. In contrast to earlier reforms where more substantive changes were made to the CAP, the factors that induced the policy discussions in 2008-13 and those that influenced the decision-making did not reinforce each other. On the contrary, they sometimes counteracted one another, yielding an ‘imperfect storm’ as it were, resulting in more status quo and fewer changes. This book discusses the outcome of the decision-making and the factors that influenced the policy choices and decisions. It brings together contributions from leading academics from various disciplines and policy-makers, and key participants in the process from the European Commission and the European Parliament.