Gall has compiled a definitive study of right-to-work campaigns at the national and state levels since the early 1940s. Section 14(b) of the Federal Taft-Hartley Act allows states to pass laws prohibiting private-sector employers and unions from negotiating "union shop" clauses that require workers in unionized workplaces to become union members. As this description implies, this issue has nothing to do with serving as an ideological litmus test for organized labor's opponents and supporters. Several states have passed such laws (either via the state legislature or electoral referenda), and in several other states right-to-work proposals have been defeated, but no matter who won, these legislative and referenda campaigns were quite spirited. ISBN 0-313-24910-5 (lib. bdg.): $39.95.