The Physiological Mechanisms Of Motivation
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| Author | : D.W. Pfaff |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 481 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 1461256925 |
Download The Physiological Mechanisms of Motivation Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
To scientists engaged in research on the cellular mechanisms in the mammalian brain, concepts of "motivation" seem to be a logical neces sity, even if they are not fashionable. Immersed in the detailed, time consuming research required to deal with mammalian nerve cells, we usually pay scant attention to the more global brain -behavior questions that have arisen from decades of biological and psychological studies. We felt it was time to confront these issues-namely, how far has neuro biological investigation come in uncovering mechanisms by which moti vational signals influence behavior? At Rockefeller University, we have recently held a course on this subject. We restricted our treatment to those motivational systems most tractable to physiological approaches, and invited scientists skilled in both behavioral issues and physiological techniques to participate. This volume results from that course. The deans and administration at Rockefeller University provided much help in planning the course, and the staff of Springer-Verlag assisted in planning the book. Gabriele Zummer helped organize both the course and the processing of book chapters. They all deserve our thanks. December 1981 Donald W. Pfaff Professor of Neurobiology and Behavior Rockefeller University Contents Part One: Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1 Donald W. Pfaff Motivational Concepts: Definitions and Distinctions . . . . . . . . . . 3 Motivation: A Brief Review of Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Reinforcement, Reward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Incentive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Arousal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Emotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Motivation Is a Unitary Behavioral Concept with Multiple Neurophysiological Mechanisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Chapter 2 Alan N.
| Author | : Neal E. Miller |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 573 |
| Release | : 2017-07-28 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 1351509225 |
Download Learning, Motivation, and Their Physiological Mechanisms Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Neal E. Miller's pioneering work in experimental psychology has earned him worldwide respect. This second in a two-volume collection of his work brings together forty-three of Miller's most important and representative essays on learning, motivation, and their physiological mechanisms. They were selected on the basis of their current relevance and their historical significance at the time they were published. In order to emphasize the main themes, essays on a given topic have been grouped together.Learning, Motivation, and Their Physiological Mechanisms begins when the author first discovered the thrill of designing and executing experiments to get clear-cut answers concerning the behavior of children and of rats. The first study was one of the earliest ones on the behavioral effects of the recently synthesized male hormone, testosterone. The second was one of the earliest studies demonstrating the value of using a variety of behavioral techniques to investigate the motivational effects of a physiological intervention. The next studies investigated the satisfying and rewarding effects of food or water in the stomach versus in the mouth and the thirst-inducing and reducing effects of hyper- and hypotonic solutions, respectively, injected into the brain. The last study describes a technique devised for extending the analysis of the mechanism of hunger to the effects of humoral factors in the blood.The study is completed with an examination of trial-and-error learning that was motivated by direct electrical stimulation of the brain and rewarded by the termination of such stimulation. Other studies show that the stimulation via such electrodes not only elicits eating, but also has the principal motivational characteristics of normal hunger. The conclusion deals with a series of experiments that overthrows strong traditional beliefs by proving that glandular and visceral responses mediated by the autonomic nervous system are subject to instrumental learning, which can be
| Author | : Philip Gorman |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 142 |
| Release | : 2004-08-02 |
| Genre | : Health & Fitness |
| ISBN | : 1134587414 |
Download Motivation and Emotion Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Explores the relationship between the brain and our motivation to do things, analysing psychological, physiological and combined approaches.
| Author | : D. W. Pfaff |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 500 |
| Release | : 1982-05-05 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781461256939 |
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| Author | : Hugh L. Wagner |
| Publisher | : Psychology Press |
| Total Pages | : 216 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 9780415192743 |
Download The Psychobiology of Human Motivation Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
The Psychobiology of Human Motivation explores a core area of undergraduate psychology courses, the motivational processes that direct our behaviour, from basic physiological needs like hunger and thirst, sex and sleep to more complex aspects of social behaviour like altruism. Hugh Wagner explores the limits of biological explanations and shows how humans can influence 'basic' physiological drives in order to adapt to a complex social environment.
| Author | : Jack E. Hokanson |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 200 |
| Release | : 1969 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : |
Download The Physiological Bases of Motivation Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
| Author | : Russell G. Geen |
| Publisher | : Allyn & Bacon |
| Total Pages | : 536 |
| Release | : 1984 |
| Genre | : Self-Help |
| ISBN | : |
Download Human Motivation Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
| Author | : Evelyn Satinoff |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 593 |
| Release | : 2013-11-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1468442864 |
Download Motivation Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Motivation addresses a central problem in psychology: Why does an animal's behavior fluctuate in the face of an unaltered environment? In a sense this is the opposite of the question from which work on motivation began, and for which Claude Bernard invented the concept of the fixity of the internal milieu: How does an animal maintain constancy in the face of a fluctuating environment? Dealing with motivation has become extremely complex as new experiments, phenomena, and theories have extended the concept. This book embodies some of the ways in which work on motivation is currently proceeding. One of the major changes has been the recognition that motivation cannot be explained without an understanding of the biological rhythms and activational systems that underlie behavior. Another is that ecological and evolutionary perspectives add enormously to answering the central problem of why an animal does what it does when it does. The book suffers from several omissions. There is no chapter on the devel opment of motivated behavior. There is none on reward systems in the brain, owing to the untimely death of James Olds, whose contribution would have enriched this book appreciably, and to whom we dedicate it. EVELYN SATINOFF PHILIP TEITELBAUM Vll Contents PART I UNDERLYING ACTIVATIONAL SYSTEMS CHAPTER 1 Motivation, Biological Clocks, and Temporal Organization of Behavior 3 Irving Zucker Reactivity to External Stimuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Reactivity to Interoceptive Stimuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sources of Biological Rhythmicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Rhythm Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . . Rhythm Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . Consequences of Rhythm Desynchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . .
| Author | : Georg Schulze |
| Publisher | : Trafford Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 153 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 1412012309 |
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We teach aspects of the psychology of motivated behaviors using the "problem-based" and "structured activity-learning" methods that are rapidly gaining credence as effective instructional approaches, especially in teaching medicine-related courses. Our approach with this text attempts to: provide students with structured challenges; foster independent thought by encouraging students to solve the challenges without external aid; allow students to attempt to solve the challenges as they see fit; emphasize that the number of different approaches made in solution of the posed challenges is often far more important than the speed or accuracy with which the solution is arrived at; and provide ample encouragement. We do not spoon-feed students, but expect them to fend for themselves. This text is terse; some of the questions posed are ambiguous; some information may be missing; there is a proscription against seeking aid except in discourse with fellow students; there is a lack of supplemental explanations; there are no summaries or teaching objectives in the text; rather the student is asked to supply and deduce these, respectively...In short, we are standing current accepted practice on its head. It works. In fact, many students find the experience, though very demanding, also liberating, energizing and empowering. Their intellectual capabilities are respected and their problem-solving abilities developed. This is what they expected higher education to be about. ..."he encourages his students to guide their own thinking rather than just rote memorization." Anonymous (1997) "It was challenging to be in a psyc course where critical thinking, integration of topics and understanding, as opposed to rote memorization, were emphasized." Anonymous (1997) "Emphasis on individual thought and communication w[ith] classmates led to a good (and probably long-lasting) understanding of the material. In addition, the classroom discussion was interactive and led to a high degree of interest and enjoyment." Anonymous (1999) "I really appreciated the problem-based learning and group work format of the course, as well as the interesting course material. This course has contributed considerably to my understanding of psychology..." Anonymous (1999) "This is the end of my fourth year, and I have never spent so much effort on one course; nor have I enjoyed one more." Anonymous (2002)
| Author | : Neal E. Miller |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 13 |
| Release | : 1971 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Selected Papers on Learning, Motivation and Their Physiological Mechanisms Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
