Judicial Interpretation of Tax Treaties

Judicial Interpretation of Tax Treaties
Author: Carlo Garbarino
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 699
Release: 2016-10-28
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1785365886

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Judicial Interpretation of Tax Treaties is a detailed analytical guide to the interpretation of tax treaties at the national level. The book focuses on how domestic courts interpret and apply the OECD Commentary to OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital. Adopting a global perspective, the book gives a systematic presentation of the main interpretive proposals put forward by the OECD Commentary, and analyses selected cases decided in domestic tax systems in order to assess whether and how such solutions are adopted through national judicial process, and indeed which of these are of most practical value. The book operates on two levels: firstly it sets out a clear and comprehensive framework of tax treaty law, which will be an important tool for any tax practitioner. Secondly, the book provides crucial guidance on issues of tax treaty law as applied at domestic level, such as investment or business income, dispute resolution and administrative cooperation.

The Legal Status of the OECD Commentaries

The Legal Status of the OECD Commentaries
Author: Sjoerd Douma
Publisher: IBFD
Total Pages: 284
Release: 2008
Genre: Double taxation
ISBN: 9087220278

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Since the mid-1980s, the legal basis of the practice of tax administrations and courts around the world to conform to the Commentaries when interpreting and applying bilateral tax treaties based on the OECD Model has been the subject of an ongoing academic debate. Recently the debate has received new impetus, and the primary focus is now on the general principles of international law. In particular, opinions differ on the question whether the Commentaries can be a source of legal obligations through the principles of acquiescence and estoppel, both of which are founded on considerations of good faith, and equity and provide specific protection of settled expectations. The reports contained in this book address two questions. The first is whether, under international law, the states parties to a tax treaty are legally bound by the OECD Commentaries when interpreting and applying the provisions of the treaty which are identical to those of the OECD Model. The second question is whether, under the contracting states' internal law, taxpayers and the tax authorities are equally bound to apply the Commentaries if and when the contracting states themselves are so bound under international law. The book brings various legal disciplines - public international law, international tax law, Community law and constitutional law - together in order to resolve the legal status of the Commentaries. Through interdisciplinary debate, the issues have been defined clearly and the exact points at which the opinions differ are identified, thereby resulting in a better understanding of the issues at hand.

Other Income under Tax Treaties

Other Income under Tax Treaties
Author: Alexander Bosman
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 610
Release: 2015-09-23
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9041166203

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Bilateral tax treaties are often, to a greater or lesser extent, based on the OECD Model Convention. Among the distributive rules with respect to taxation of income which are laid down in Chapter III of that model, Article 21 assigns the tax jurisdiction in respect of "other income" - understood to mean items of income which are not dealt with in other provisions of the tax treaty - to the residence state in accordance with the main rule underlying the OECD Model, thus ensuring that no income falls outside the scope of the treaty. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Article 21 of the OECD Model. In extensive detail, and with reference to case law from a number of jurisdictions and to statements of various authorities and official documents, the author shows how Article 21 operates in relation to the other distributive rules of the OECD Model and bilateral tax treaties based thereon. The analysis considers such items of income as the following in relation to Article 21: - income from immovable property; - business profits; - profits from shipping, inland waterways transport, and air transport; - dividends, interest, and royalties; - capital gains; and - income from employment. In addition, the author examines the significance of the OECD Commentaries for the interpretation of tax treaties, the "other income" article in other model conventions, and notable deviations from Article 21 among bilateral tax treaties. An appendix offers well-grounded recommendations on how to potentially amend the wording of Article 21 and the related commentary and how the application of the article can be improved. Although underexposed in the tax law literature heretofore, the "other income" article raises important international taxation issues that remain problematic or unresolved. Tax lawyers, government officials, and other interested professionals will find here a penetrating analysis that goes a long way towards clarifying the characterisation of income that resists the standard categories defined in tax treaties.

The Meaning of "enterprise", "business" and "business Profits" Under Tax Treaties and EU Tax Law

The Meaning of
Author: Guglielmo Maisto
Publisher: IBFD
Total Pages: 675
Release: 2011
Genre: Double taxation
ISBN: 9087221010

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The Meaning of "Enterprise", "Business" and "Business Profits" under Tax Treaties and EU Tax Law, comprising the proceedings and working documents of an annual seminar held in Milan in November 2010, provides an in-depth analysis of the meaning of these three essential concepts in relevant tax treaties and law. The analysis starts from an EU tax law perspective, with a particular emphasis on the European Directives. The above concepts are then considered from domestic tax law viewpoints. The book then moves to tax treaty law. Most notably, an examination of the history and interpretation of the concepts of "enterprise", "business" and "business profits" is presented, starting from the works of the League of Nations to the current OECD Model Tax Convention. Next, specific tax treaty issues are considered. In particular, the controversial issues concerning the interpretation of the notions of "enterprise" and "enterprise of a Contracting State" are discussed. Also, the concepts of "profits" and "business profits" are thoroughly reviewed. The concept of "enterprise" in the context of the non-discrimination clause laid down by Art. 24 of the OECD Model Tax Convention is then examined. Individual country surveys provide an in-depth analysis of the aforementioned concepts and issues from a national viewpoint in selected European and North American jurisdictions, as well as in Australia and Japan. The book concludes with a round-table discussion among some of the most renowned international tax scholars on the desirability to change the OECD Model Tax Convention and its Commentaries. This book is essential reading for all those dealing with issues of taxation of enterprises engaged in cross-border activities and can be considered a new cornerstone in the subject matter."--Publisher's website

Using the OECD Model Commentaries and Other Tools to Interpret Tax Treaties

Using the OECD Model Commentaries and Other Tools to Interpret Tax Treaties
Author: C.A. Theophilou
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:

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In this article, the author discusses the interpretation of tax treaties and the use of internal and external tools as interpretive aids. In particular, he considers whether it is appropriate to rely on the commentaries to the OECD model income tax treaty as an external tool and examines the availability of established internal aids for treaty interpretation.

Multilingual Texts and Interpretation of Tax Treaties and EC Tax Law

Multilingual Texts and Interpretation of Tax Treaties and EC Tax Law
Author: Guglielmo Maisto (jurist.)
Publisher: IBFD
Total Pages: 375
Release: 2005
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9076078823

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The book identifies linguistic issues arising in bilateral income tax conventions and presents an in-dept analysis of tax treaty policies on multilingualism and the administrative practice and case law on the issues raised by the translation of treaties. Individual country surveys discuss the use of legal concepts, including those that do not exist in the legal system of one of the two contracting states and the way such concepts should be interpreted in such state (e.g. trust). Further, the use of concepts in one state that are similar but not identical to a treaty concept that is well known only in the other state (e.g. droit d'auteur vs copyright) are presented. The book also includes special reports on multilingual issues under both art. 33 of the Vienna Convention and art. 3(2) of the OECD Model Convention and Commentaries. Finally, a specific chapter is devoted to the EU law aspects and a review of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice (ECJ).

Klaus Vogel on Double Taxation Conventions

Klaus Vogel on Double Taxation Conventions
Author: Klaus Vogel
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 1736
Release: 1997
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Full Title: Klaus Vogel on Double Taxation Conventions, Third Edition, A Commentary to the OECD, UN and U.S. Model Conventions for the Avoidance of Double Taxation of Income and Capital, With Particular Reference to German Treaty Practice A Commentary to the OECD, UN and U.S. Model Conventions for the Avoidance of Double Taxation of Income and Capital, With Particular Reference to German Treaty Practice. Double taxation conventions (DTCs) raise a plethora of interpretational questions for the practitioner and student of tax law. This book provides the answers. An encyclopedic treatise on DTCs, Klaus Vogel on Double Taxation Conventions is a guide to all legal issues DTCs raise and includes information on worldwide case law and commentators' views. The OECD Model Convention serves as the organisational basis for this work. Each chapter focuses on one article of the Convention and provides: the wording of the article and that of the respective articles of the UN and US Models, the official Commentary by OECD, and an extensive discussion by the authors of the legal problems involved. In addition, Klaus Vogel on Double Taxation Conventions offers an account of all German tax treaties, how they differ from the model provisions, and the potential practical impact of such differences. The first two editions have been used by lawyers, tax advisers, and scholars all over the world. Courts in Canada, Germany, South Africa, and the Netherlands have cited them as authority. This revised edition includes the most recent OECD Model revisions and all recent case law and relevant literature. The authors have rethought many of the problems discussed, further improved their argument, and amended their views where they have been convinced by opponents.

United States Income Tax Treaties

United States Income Tax Treaties
Author: Klaus Vogel
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 1082
Release: 1989
Genre: Law
ISBN:

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Comprehensive loose-leaf guide analysing United States income tax treaties. The commentary is divided into three parts providing general background information regarding income tax treaties and the model treaty process, commentary of the individual provisions of the US Model and of existing US treaties, appendices are included.

Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital: Condensed Version 2003

Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital: Condensed Version 2003
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 342
Release: 2003-01-20
Genre:
ISBN: 9264177477

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This publication is the condensed version of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital, produced in a loose-leaf format to accommodate yearly updates. This fifth edition contains the full text of the Model Tax Convention as it read on 28 January 2003, but without the historical notes.