The Impact of the Advisor-advisee Relationship Among Black and Latino/a/x STEM Graduate Students at Predominantly White Institutions

The Impact of the Advisor-advisee Relationship Among Black and Latino/a/x STEM Graduate Students at Predominantly White Institutions
Author: Tasia C. Bryson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 153
Release: 2021
Genre: Critical race theory
ISBN:

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An advisor is often the most central and powerful person influencing a student's trajectory through graduate school (Barnes & Austin, 2009). This dissertation consisted of three articles that focused on the impact of the advisor-advisee relationship among Black and Latino/a/x students in STEM graduate programs at predominantly White institutions (PWIs) from the student perspective. Two frameworks were used to analyze data and guide the research: Black Feminist Thought (BFT) and Critical Race Theory (CRT). BFT was used to explore Black women's experiences at Predominately White institutions as it provides an in-depth understanding of Black women's perspectives. CRT was used when exploring Black and Latino/a/x students because it focuses on race and racism and challenges traditional paradigm methods and text impacts communities of color. Using a qualitative research approach, data were collected through six unique semi-structured interviews over three years with each participant. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed with emergent coding. This study's data emerged from a more extensive study focusing on the experiences of Black and Latino/a/x students enrolled in STEM/SBE graduate programs at three PWIs in the Midwest. Purposeful sampling was used from this larger population to identify nineteen Black and Latino/a/x students in STEM graduate programs for a more in-depth analysis of the advisor- advisee relationship. Findings suggest students select their advisors for various reasons: personality compatibility, lab availability, research interest, funding, and faculty interest in working with a student. Participants reported that their relationship with their advisors changed over time. Accessibility, trust, and communication were recurring themes that influenced the advisor-advisee relationship. Advisors influenced Black and Latino/a/x students’ career decisions when they asked about career interests, discuss career options, be a role model, and assisting with networking and resources. Findings from this study may help inform advisors on how to assist minority advisees at PWIs better.

The Social Support Networks of Students who Identify as Black and Latino/a/x in STEM and SBE Graduate Programs at Predominately White Institutions

The Social Support Networks of Students who Identify as Black and Latino/a/x in STEM and SBE Graduate Programs at Predominately White Institutions
Author: Kristi A. Tullis
Publisher:
Total Pages: 166
Release: 2021
Genre: College environment
ISBN:

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Graduate students from historically underrepresented minority (URM) groups (those who identify as Black/African-American, Hispanic/Latino/a/x, Native American, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders and/or Alaska Natives) encounter systemic and institutional hindrances to degree completion when enrolled in STEM doctoral programs at predominantly white institutions (Guiffrida & Douthit, 2010). Support networks have been identified as an important component for retention and success for graduate students from URM groups (Carlone & Johnson, 2007; Clewell, 1987; Johnson-Bailey, Valentine, Cervero, & Bowles, 2008; Joseph, 2012; Sweitzer, 2009). This study investigates the composition and structure of URM graduate students’ support networks, where their support comes from, in what capacity, if URM women graduate students gravitate toward support systems that match their cultural/racial background or gender identity, and if URM students who complete degrees experience feelings of loneliness and isolation, which is a contributing factor to underrepresentation of students from these minority groups (Gloria, Robinson, Hamilton, & Willson, 1999). Data for this study were collected through a longitudinal interview process combined with four social network surveys per individual as students progressed through their programs. Interview data allowed for longitudinal tracking of social support network members, which was triangulated with the data from the social networking surveys and analyzed through the lenses of egocentric network analysis, constructivist grounded theory, and critical race theory. Many participants in this study needed and found a strong support network through student organizations that matched their cultural/ethnic/racial background. Countless students struggled with feelings of isolation and loneliness, yet finding support from campus groups helped fill this void. The final data collected after most of them had left graduate school showed significant discrepancy between their reported robust social network and their open-response data where they indicated a significantly reduced social network and the onset of feelings of loneliness. This dissertation, while focusing on social support networks for these URM graduate students at predominantly white institutions, has the potential to address social justice issues and equal opportunities for those identifying as Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/a/x, encourage the importance of reaching a critical mass in higher education settings, work toward combating systemic racism, add greater diversity and perspectives to the more elite careers that these degrees will lead to, and show the importance of having a social support network while pursuing a prestigious degree, the PhD.

An Asset-Based Approach to Advancing Latina Students in STEM

An Asset-Based Approach to Advancing Latina Students in STEM
Author: Elsa M. Gonzalez
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 208
Release: 2020-11-18
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1000259536

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This timely volume challenges the ongoing underrepresentation of Latina women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), and highlights resilience as a critical communal response to increasing their representation in degree programs and academic posts. An Asset-Based Approach to Advancing Latina Students in STEM documents the racialized and gendered experiences of Latinas studying and researching in STEM in US colleges, and centers resilience as a critical mechanism in combating deficit narratives. Adopting an asset-based approach, chapters illustrate how Latinas draw on their cultural background as a source of individual and communal strength, and indicate how this cultural wealth must be nurtured and used to inform leadership and policy to motivate, encourage, and support Latinas on the pathway to graduate degrees and successful STEM careers. By highlighting strategies to increase personal resilience and institutional retention of Latina women, the text offers key insights to bolstering diversity in STEM. This text will primarily appeal to academics, scholars, educators, and researchers in the fields of STEM education. It will also benefit those working in broader areas of higher education and multicultural education, as well as those interested in the advancement of minorities inside and outside of academia. Elsa M. Gonzalez is Assistant Professor of Higher Education at the University of Houston, USA. Frank Fernandez is Assistant Professor of Higher Education at the University of Mississippi, USA. Miranda Wilson earned a Ph.D. in Higher Education Leadership and Policy Studies at the University of Houston, USA.

The Latina/o Pathway to the Ph.D.

The Latina/o Pathway to the Ph.D.
Author: Jeanett Castellanos
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 217
Release: 2023-07-03
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1000978397

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The Latina/o population constitutes the largest racial and ethnic minority group in the U.S. and is disproportionately under-represented in college and in graduate programs. This is the first book specifically to engage with the absence of Latinas/os in doctoral studies. It proposes educational and administrative strategies to open up the pipeline, and institutional practices to ensure access, support, models and training for Latinas/os aspiring to the Ph.D. The under-education of Latina/o youth begins early. Given that by twelfth grade half will stop out or be pushed out of high school, and only seven percent will complete a college degree, it is not surprising so few enter graduate studies. When Latina/o students do enter higher education, few attend those colleges or universities that are gateways to graduate degrees. Regardless of the type of higher education institution they attend, Latinas/os often encounter social and academic isolation, unaffordable costs, and lack of support.This historic under-representation has created a vicious cycle of limited social and economic mobility. There is a paucity of the Latina/o faculty and leaders whom research shows are essential for changing campus climate and influencing institutions to adapt to the needs of a changing student body. As a result, Latina/o graduate students often have few role models, advocates or mentors, and limited support for their research agendas.By reviewing the pipeline from kindergarten through university, this book provides the needed data and insights to effect change for policy makers, administrators, faculty, and staff; and material for reflection for aspiring Latina/o Ph.D.s on the paths they have taken and the road ahead.The book then addresses the unique experiences and challenges faced by Latina/os in doctoral programs, and offers guidance for students and those responsible for them. Chapters cover issues of gender and generational differences, the role of culture in the graduate school, mentorship, pursuing research, and professional development opportunities for Latina/os.The book closes with the voices of by Latina/o students who are currently pursuing or recently completed their doctoral degree. These narratives describe their cultural and educational journeys, providing insight into their personal and professional experiences. These stories bring alive the graduate experience for anyone interested in successful recruitment, retention, and graduation of Latina/o doctoral students – an inspiration and guidance to those aspiring to the doctorate.

African American Graduate Student Perspectives of the Advisory Working Alliance in Cross-racial Dyads

African American Graduate Student Perspectives of the Advisory Working Alliance in Cross-racial Dyads
Author: Eanah Whaley
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

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Although the representation of African Americans obtaining doctoral degrees has increased, the representation of African Americans in tenure track faculty positions has not. A potential explanation that has been offered for this disparity is the difficulty many minority students have in establishing successful programs of research. As such, faculty mentoring has been highlighted as an important resource for minority graduate students. Previous research has demonstrated links between positive graduate level advising experiences and variables such as attitudes towards research and research self-efficacy. Recently, Schlosser et al. (2011) have posited a Multiculturally Infused Model of Graduate Advising Relationships which attends to both the process and outcome of advising, with particular attention to the potential effects of multicultural variables such as cultural mistrust (Terrell& Terrell, 1981) on formation and maintenance of the advisory working alliance. The purpose of the current investigation was to explore the applicability of certain tenants the Multiculturally Infused Model of Graduate Advising Relationships for a sample of African American doctoral students from diverse fields of study. Specifically, the current study examined cultural mistrust as a moderator of the positive relationships expected between the advisory working alliance and research training outcome variables. Participants were 195 African American doctoral students attending doctoral programs at research intensive institutions. Results of the current investigation showed that variables shown to contribute variance to the Advisory Working Alliance (AWA) in previous studies were also supported in the present study (i.e., perceived availability of advisor, similarity of research interests with advisor, frequency of meeting with advisor). Variance in research self-efficacy and research outcome expectations was explained by the AWA. The AWA did not significantly explain variance in interest in research. Cultural mistrust did not serve as a moderator for the AWA research self-efficacy or research outcome expectations link. Post hoc analyses showed that only one AWA subscale, identification-individuation, contributed to variance in the IRQ. Lastly, post-hoc analyses revealed that cultural mistrust also did not moderate between pairing method and the AWA or similarity of interests and the AWA.

Underrepresented Racial/Ethnic Minority Graduate Students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) Disciplines: A Cross Institutional Analysis of Their Experiences

Underrepresented Racial/Ethnic Minority Graduate Students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) Disciplines: A Cross Institutional Analysis of Their Experiences
Author: Tanya Figueroa
Publisher:
Total Pages: 357
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

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Considering the importance of a diverse science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) research workforce for our country's future, it is troubling that many underrepresented racial minority (URM) students start graduate STEM programs, but do not finish. However, some institutional contexts better position students for degree completion than others. The purpose of this study was to uncover the academic and social experiences, power dynamics, and programmatic/institutional structures URM students face within their graduate STEM programs that hinder or support degree progression. Using a critical socialization framework applied in a cross-comparative qualitative study, I focused on how issues of race, ethnicity, and underrepresentation within the educational contexts shape students' experiences. Data was collected from focus group interviews involving 53 URM graduate students pursuing STEM disciplines across three institution types - a Predominately White Institution, a Hispanic-Serving Institution, and a Historically Black University. Results demonstrate that when students' relationships with faculty advisors were characterized by benign neglect, students felt lost, wasted time and energy making avoidable mistakes, had less positive views of their experiences, and had more difficulty progressing through classes or research, which could cause them to delay time to degree completion or to leave with a master's degree. Conversely, faculty empowered students when they helped them navigate difficult processes/milestones with regular check-ins, but also allowed students room to make decisions and solve problems independently. Further, faculty set the tone for the overall interactional culture and helping behavior in the classroom and lab contexts; where faculty modeled collaboration and concern for students, peers were likely to do the same. International peers sometimes excluded domestic students both socially and academically, which had a negative affect on intergroup dynamics and limited the opportunities for learning among URM students. Interestingly, students describe peer dynamics that occasionally suggest racial undertones in interactions; however, many students were unaware of implications on their training experiences or were simply uncomfortable naming racism. Prevailing racial stereotypes even impacted students trained in welcoming and culturally respectful programs. The study expands studies on URM graduate students, socialization theory, and formal and informal structures in programs that can assure success in graduate school.

The Impact of Bureaucracy, Power, and Structure on the Black Graduate Student Experience

The Impact of Bureaucracy, Power, and Structure on the Black Graduate Student Experience
Author: Demetria Scherell Green
Publisher:
Total Pages: 148
Release: 2019
Genre: African American graduate students
ISBN:

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This thesis utilizes muted group theory to understand the impact bureaucratic structure has on Black graduate students at predominantly white institutions. Muted group theory is used to inform individuals of the impact power functions have on both verbal and nonverbal communication. The premises of the theory focus on the lack of underrepresented voices present in policies, structures, and organizations. In order to gain clarity on the experiences of Black graduate students in particular, the use of qualitative data gathering provided unique insights to answer the research questions guiding this study. A focus group was first used to generate key themes, examples, and definitions; interviews were then used to enhance understanding of participant experiences. First, the research was able to gain insight on perceptions of bureaucratic structure in a university setting. These perceptions included both positive and negative perceptions. The positive perceptions included rationalizing the bureaucratic structure, adequate representation, and advisor support. The negative perceptions included: structural exclusion, disingenuous diversity efforts, and white privilege. The discussion of perceptions about bureaucratic structure in a university ends with the comparison of the historically Black college or university experience and the predominantly white institution experience. The second key finding of this research focuses on the coping mechanisms utilized by Black graduate students who find themselves as muted members of the university’s bureaucratic structure. These coping mechanisms include: role performance, finding white allies, and creating participant dissent. The findings in this research indicates the importance of representation in bureaucratic structures and the need for more genuine actions by those in positions of power.

Mentoring and Educational Outcomes of Black Graduate Students

Mentoring and Educational Outcomes of Black Graduate Students
Author: Nicole Sullivan
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 62
Release: 2015-05-22
Genre:
ISBN: 9781512330885

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The purpose of this research is to examine the ways in which mentoring affects black graduate students' completion of programs of study. Performance is measured by completion of their graduate program, length of time taken to complete the program, grade point average (GPA), and overall attitude about their graduate school experience. On average, over half of all black graduate students leave their programs of study before completion compared to 25% attrition (non-completion of program of study) of white students. A review of the literature suggests that any form of mentoring improves completion rates among black graduate students. Existing research further suggests that when paired with like mentors, such as same race or gender, black graduate students complete their programs at even higher rates. The existing research is, however, limited due to the age of the research and factors such as attrition by discipline. Updated research is needed to determine why, despite being admitted to graduate programs of study at the highest rates in United States history, black students are leaving without graduate degrees more than any other race. Vincent Tinto's theory of social adjustment states that students who are not socially adjusted are less likely to persist (complete their program of study). Because black students are attending Predominately White Institutions (PWI's) at the highest rates since Reconstruction, this research will examine ways in which black graduate students become socially adjusted and how it affects their persistence. The anticipated results of the study are that black graduate students who had mentors completed their programs more often than those who did not have mentors. Additionally, those who had mentors of the same race, gender, or socio-economic backgrounds may report even higher percentages of completion. In contrast, those who did not have mentors may report lower percentages of completion.

The Lived Experiences of African American Doctoral Students at a Predominantly White Institution

The Lived Experiences of African American Doctoral Students at a Predominantly White Institution
Author: Christine Mireille Sainvil
Publisher:
Total Pages: 294
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:

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There are many facets that make up a doctoral student's life such as work, social, and family, and it is important to investigate their interactions and dynamics. The purpose of this study is to examine the personal experiences of African American doctoral students pursuing doctoral degrees at predominantly White institutions. Using a Grounded theory methodology as influenced by Critical Race Theory framework, I explored and conceptualized the multiple roles that 15 African American doctoral students must negotiate to successfully complete their programs. The themes that emerged from the data were space/ community, mentorship and advisor relationships, Being Other, Growth and Wellness.