The Impact of Incomplete Contracts on Economics

The Impact of Incomplete Contracts on Economics
Author: Philippe Aghion
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 224
Release: 2015-12-22
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0190259019

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The 1986 article by Sanford J. Grossman and Oliver D. Hart titled "A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration" has provided a framework for understanding how firm boundaries are defined and how they affect economic performance. The property rights approach has provided a formal way to introduce incomplete contracting ideas into economic modeling. The Impact of Incomplete Contracts on Economics collects papers and opinion pieces on the impact that this property right approach to the firm has had on the economics profession.

Foundations of Incomplete Contracts

Foundations of Incomplete Contracts
Author: Oliver D. Hart
Publisher:
Total Pages: 64
Release: 1998
Genre: Contracts
ISBN:

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In the last few years a new area has emerged in economic theory, which goes under the heading of However, almost since its inception, the theory has been under attack for its lack of rigorous foundations. In this paper, we evaluate some of the criticisms that have been made of the theory, in particular, those in Maskin and Tirole (1998a). In doing so, we develop a model that provides a rigorous foundation for the idea that contracts are incomplete.

The Hold-Up Problem and Incomplete Contracts

The Hold-Up Problem and Incomplete Contracts
Author: Patrick W. Schmitz
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2001
Genre:
ISBN:

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Contract theory is one of the most active fields of research in contemporary microeconomics. One of the reasons why it has been particularly popular in recent years may be the fact that many economists think that the incomplete contracts approach as pioneered by Grossman and Hart (1986) and Hart and Moore (1990) can help to answer important questions regarding the boundaries of the firm, which have been raised by Coase (1937) and more recently by Williamson (1985). In the meantime, the incomplete contract paradigm has been fruitfully applied to many relevant economic topics which are no longer restricted to the theory of the firm. However, several economic theorists still feel uncomfortable about important issues surrounding the incomplete contracts approach. Such concerns have lead some researchers to a renewed interest in the more traditional theory of complete contracts, which is closely related to the theory of implementation or mechanism design. This article complements existing surveys on contract theory in two ways. First, the surveys that I am aware of are of a quite technical nature and therefore difficult to access for readers who are not already specialists in the field. In contrast, while trying to be as rigorous as necessary, this paper presents all ideas verbally without any mathematical pyrotechnics. Second, instead of attempting to be exhaustive and to provide final answers, this paper is focused on some specific topics which received particular attention by researchers in recent years and puts emphasis on open questions that should be addressed in future research.

More is Less

More is Less
Author: Maija Halonen-Akatwijuka
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2024-05-23
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781009396073

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Why are contracts incomplete? Transaction costs and bounded rationality cannot be a total explanation since states of the world are often describable, foreseeable, and yet are not mentioned in a contract. Asymmetric information theories also have limitations. We offer an explanation based on 'contracts as reference points'. Including a contingency of the form, 'The buyer will require a good in event E', has a benefit and a cost. The benefit is that if E occurs there is less to argue about; the cost is that the additional reference point provided by the outcome in E can hinder (re)negotiation in states outside E. We show that if parties agree about a reasonable division of surplus, an incomplete contract is strictly superior to a contingent contract. If parties have different views about the division of surplus, an incomplete contract can be superior if including a contingency would lead to divergent reference points.

The Economics of Contracts, second edition

The Economics of Contracts, second edition
Author: Bernard Salanie
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 257
Release: 2017-02-17
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0262534223

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A concise introduction to the theory of contracts, emphasizing basic tools that allow the reader to understand the main theoretical models; revised and updated throughout for this edition. The theory of contracts grew out of the failure of the general equilibrium model to account for the strategic interactions among agents that arise from informational asymmetries. This popular text, revised and updated throughout for the second edition, serves as a concise and rigorous introduction to the theory of contracts for graduate students and professional economists. The book presents the main models of the theory of contracts, particularly the basic models of adverse selection, signaling, and moral hazard. It emphasizes the methods used to analyze the models, but also includes brief introductions to many of the applications in different fields of economics. The goal is to give readers the tools to understand the basic models and create their own. For the second edition, major changes have been made to chapter 3, on examples and extensions for the adverse selection model, which now includes more thorough discussions of multiprincipals, collusion, and multidimensional adverse selection, and to chapter 5, on moral hazard, with the limited liability model, career concerns, and common agency added to its topics. Two chapters have been completely rewritten: chapter 7, on the theory of incomplete contracts, and chapter 8, on the empirical literature in the theory of contracts. An appendix presents concepts of noncooperative game theory to supplement chapters 4 and 6. Exercises follow chapters 2 through 5. Praise for the previous edition: “The Economics of Contracts offers an excellent introduction to agency models. Written by one of the leading young researchers in contact theory, it is rigorous, clear, concise, and up-to-date. Researchers and students who want to learn about the economics of incentives will want to read this primer.”—Jean Tirole, Institut D'Économie Industrielle, Universite des Sciences Sociales, France “Students will find this a very useful introduction to the ideas of contract theory. Salanié has managed to summarize a large amount of material in a relatively short number of pages in a highly accessible and readable manner.”—Oliver Hart, Professor of Economics, Harvard University

Firms, Contracts, and Financial Structure

Firms, Contracts, and Financial Structure
Author: Oliver Hart
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Total Pages: 244
Release: 1995-10-05
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0191521728

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This book provides a framework for thinking about economic instiutions such as firms. The basic idea is that institutions arise in situations where people write incomplete contracts and where the allocation of power or control is therefore important. Power and control are not standard concepts in economic theory. The book begins by pointing out that traditional approaches cannot explain on the one hand why all transactions do not take place in one huge firm and on the other hand why firms matter at all. An incomplete contracting or property rights approach is then developed. It is argued that this approach can throw light on the boundaries of firms and on the meaning of asset ownership. In the remainder of the book, incomplete contacting ideas are applied to understand firms' financial decisions, in particular, the nature of debt and equity (why equity has votes and creditors have foreclosure rights); the capital structure decisions of public companies; optimal bankruptcy procedure; and the allocation of voting rights across a company's shares. The book is written in a fairly non-technical style and includes many examples. It is aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students, academic and business economists, and lawyers as well as those with an interest in corporate finance, privatization and regulation, and transitional issues in Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, and China. Little background knowledge is required, since the concepts are developed as the book progresses and the existing literature is fully reviewed.

Contract Theory

Contract Theory
Author: Fouad Sabry
Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
Total Pages: 324
Release: 2023-12-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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What is Contract Theory A contract is an institutional arrangement for the movement of resources, which defines the various connections between the parties to a transaction or limits the rights and obligations of the parties. From a legal perspective, a contract is an arrangement that makes it possible for resources to flow differently. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Contract theory Chapter 2: Index of economics articles Chapter 3: Moral hazard Chapter 4: The Market for Lemons Chapter 5: Complete contract Chapter 6: Adverse selection Chapter 7: Information asymmetry Chapter 8: Coase theorem Chapter 9: Incentive Chapter 10: Mechanism design Chapter 11: Principal-agent problem Chapter 12: Efficiency wage Chapter 13: Theory of the firm Chapter 14: Information economics Chapter 15: Personnel economics Chapter 16: Agency cost Chapter 17: Signalling (economics) Chapter 18: Single-crossing condition Chapter 19: Screening (economics) Chapter 20: Incomplete contracts Chapter 21: Multiple principal problem (II) Answering the public top questions about contract theory. (III) Real world examples for the usage of contract theory in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of contract theory. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of contract theory.