Excerpt from The Commission Plan and Commission-Manager Plan of Municipal Government: An Analytical Study In Galveston, Texas, after the flood of 1900, which fairly wiped out the city, the typical old-style mayor-and-council form of government broke down and was replaced by a com mission of five men appointed by the Governor of Texas. This commission worked swiftly and efficiently, and soon had the municipal government working and at much less annual cost. After the emergency passed, an attempt was made to continue the same government with three members appointed by the governor and two chosen by popular vote, as it was supposed that so simple and powerful a form of organization would be unsafe if manned entirely by elective representatives. A court decision declared the continued appointment of city officers in this way to be unconstitutional, and the entire com mission forthwith became elective. To the surprise of many observers, no demoralization ensued, and through successive elections the changes in personnel have been very slight. Gal veston began to claim that it was the best governed city in the United States, and Houston, Texas, in 1905, copied the Gal veston charter with similar satisfaction. In 1907 Des Moines adopted the Galveston plan, with the addition of the initiative, referendum and recall and non partisan primary. The Des Moines charter was widely copied, largely on the strength of the Des Moines experience, the number of cities adopting this form having increased until, on june l, 1914, there are 327 cities and towns of 2000 population or over which have changed their governments to the newtype. Few changes of importance were made in the Des Moines model for several years (except the preferential ballot added first by Grand Junction, Colo.) until the appearance in 1913 of the city manager, or commission manager modification, which is described in the attached supplementary report of the committee. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.