A careful analysis of the mixed results for the U.S. of the growing population of these highly-trained, foreign-born, mostly U.S. educated scientists and engineers. On one hand, they are a hard working, skilled population, likely to stay in the U.S. and become citizens after receiving their graduate degrees. On the other, they are more likely to receive U.S. funds for their education than U.S.-born graduate students in these fields, and their presence (as the title suggests) eases pressures on government, corporations and academe to spend more energy encouraging women and minorities to seek careers in these fields. The foreign-born scientists and engineers tend, incidentally, to be paid a little better than their native-born peers, when such factors as age, year of degree, area of specialization, etc. are held constant. The book includes descriptions of the systems through which the foreign-born scientists and engineers flow, including the major gatekeeping roles played by graduate schools, the Educational Testing Service, and by U.S. corporations, and the minor ones played by the U.S. Government. Immigration, educational attainment, occupational and economic data are also presented. DEGREESBContents: An Overview; A Specialized American Vacuum; The Numbers of Foreign-Born Scientists and Engineers; Characteristics of Foreign-Born Scientists and Engineers; Motivations; Americans' Graduate School Choices; Graduate School Choices of Foreign Students; The Different Levels of Interest in the Life Sciences; The Gatekeepers; The Educational Testing Service; Graduate School Admissions; Getting a Job in the U.S.; The Immigration Process; Roles of Foreign-Born Scientists and Engineers; Overview; The Foreign-Born in Academe; The Foreign Born in Industry: The Older, Larger Pattern; The Foreign Born in Industry: The Newer, More Controversial Pattern; Impacts of Foreign-Born Scientists and Engineers; The Impact on Education; The Impact on Industry; The Impact on U.S. Populations; The Impact of the Foreign Born on Scien