Innovative Technologies and Clinical Applications for Invasive and Non-Invasive Neuromodulation: From the Workbench to the Bedside

Innovative Technologies and Clinical Applications for Invasive and Non-Invasive Neuromodulation: From the Workbench to the Bedside
Author: Matteo Bologna
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 149
Release: 2020-02-13
Genre:
ISBN: 2889634698

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The possibility of harvesting the power of electric and magnetic impulses in the human body, commonly referred to as “neuromodulation,” is one of the most recent and promising developments of the modern science. Since the late ´60s, multiple invasive and non-invasive technologies have been developed and tested in experimental and clinical settings with the final aim of modulating the function of the central and peripheral nervous system. Clinical applications include, but are not limited to, common neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders. The bulk of evidence supporting the clinical efficacy of various invasive and non-invasive approaches for neuromodulation has progressively led scientific societies, patients’ associations, and regulatory entities to acknowledge the critical role played by neuromodulation in the therapeutic algorithms of a wide range of neurological disorders. As a result, new technologies have been recently introduced into the market or are currently under validation. Their potential implementation into innovative protocols for neuromodulation demands a critical revision of what are the unmet needs for neuromodulation in movement disorders.

The Effects of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation on Autonomic Regulation

The Effects of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation on Autonomic Regulation
Author: Rosemary Jose Chakiath
Publisher:
Total Pages: 302
Release: 2011
Genre:
ISBN:

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The autonomic nervous system is an important physiological system in the context of health. Heart rate variability is a non-invasive measure of autonomic function. Empirical evidence indicates that reduced heart rate variability may mediate the relationship between psychological states and pathological conditions. This relationship may be indicative of topdown influences on autonomic regulation. Non-invasive brain stimulation offers potential tools to explore top-down pathways that are involved in autonomic regulation. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the ventral medial pre frontal cortex (vMPFC) could modulate autonomic regulation during psychological stress (Situational HRV) as well as at rest (Tonic HRV) after receiving tDCS. Sixteen participants received either anodal, cathodal or sham tDCS across three, two hour sessions that were counterbalanced across participants. In each session, participants were also asked to complete a mental arithmetic task prior to and after receiving tDCS. Participants also completed questionnaires that assessed their level of fitness, health behaviours and state anxiety. The results showed that there were no after-effects of tDCS on HRV during the cognitive stressor task, despite participants experiencing an increase in heart rate in response to task, prior to receiving the stimulation. Unexpectedly, while HRV returned back to baseline after receiving tDCS, participants showed an increase in HRV during cathodal stimulation over the vMPFC. This suggests that the effects of tDCS on autonomic regulation while not long lasting may occur during the stimulation period itself, thus providing evidence to support the notion of top-down regulation. The findings from this study provide interesting opportunities for future investigations in health psychology in relation to mind-body medicine.

Non-Invasive Neuromodulation of the Central Nervous System

Non-Invasive Neuromodulation of the Central Nervous System
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 103
Release: 2015-11-02
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309376211

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Based on advances in biotechnology and neuroscience, non-invasive neuromodulation devices are poised to gain clinical importance in the coming years and to be of increasing interest to patients, clinicians,health systems, payers, and industry. Evidence suggests that both therapeutic and non-therapeutic applications of non-invasive neuromodulation will continue to expand in coming years, particularly for indications where treatments are currently insufficient, such as drug-resistant depression. Given the growing interest in non-invasive neuromodulation technologies, the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened a workshop, inviting a range of stakeholders - including developers of devices and new technologies, researchers, clinicians, ethicists, regulators, and payers - to explore the opportunities, challenges, and ethical questions surrounding the development, regulation, and reimbursement of these devices for the treatment of nervous system disorders as well as for non-therapeutic uses, including cognitive and functional enhancement. This report highlights the presentation and discussion of the workshop.

Neuromodulation

Neuromodulation
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 1089
Release: 2009-05-05
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080921396

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Neuromodulation will be the first comprehensive and in-depth reference textbook covering all aspects of the rapidly growing field of neuromodulation. This book provides a complete discussion of the fundamental principles of neuromodulation and therapies applied to the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, autonomic nerves and various organs. The textbook is highly structured and organized into overarching sections that cover chronic pain, movement disorders, psychiatric disorders, epilepsy, functional electrical stimulation, cardiac, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and organ neuromodulation. The fundamental principles of electricity and infusion, neural tissue interface, biomedical engineering, neuromodulation devices, basic science, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, imaging and mechanisms are emphasized. In addition to providing details pertaining to the state-of-the-art current practice, innovative and emerging applications are discussed in specific chapters. Finally, the textbook provides specific chapters focusing on the technical aspects of the various neuromodulation procedures as well as technical specifications of various implantable devices. All of the contributors to Neuromodulation represent leading experts in the field. The editors are internationally renowned in their respective fields of neuromodulation, pain management, functional neurosurgery and biomedical engineering. Neuromodulation will be the first and foremost authoritative text on neuromodulation therapies and will establish the gold standard that defines the field for years to come. Key Features The first comprehensive reference on the emerging field of Neuromodulation Editors and authors include all leading figures in the field, and the leaders of the International Neuromodulation Society Over 90 chapters on topics ranging from a layout of the fundamentals (e.g. neuroanatomy, plasticity, bioelectrical effects, infusion therapies), solutions for the biomedical engineering challenges (e.g. materials, how to preserve normal function etc.), to a rundown of the existing applications and their future promise Over 1200 pages in splendid full color, richly illustrated Important areas of application include: control of chronic pain delivery of drugs to the nervous system via implanted devices control of epilepsy, Parkinson, etc. functional restoration, e.g. visual, auditory, restoration after stroke, restoration of motor function after traumatic events stimulation of body organs via neural devices (incl. the heart, abdominal organs, genitourinary organs) overview over newly emerging fields - control of obesity, blood pressure, tinnitus, brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, brain-machine interfaces

Brain Neurotrauma

Brain Neurotrauma
Author: Firas H. Kobeissy
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 718
Release: 2015-02-25
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1466565993

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With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.

The Failing Heart

The Failing Heart
Author: Naranjan S. Dhalla
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Total Pages: 570
Release: 1995
Genre: Medical
ISBN:

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The Enteric Nervous System

The Enteric Nervous System
Author: John Barton Furness
Publisher:
Total Pages: 312
Release: 1987
Genre: Medical
ISBN:

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Bioelectronic Medicine

Bioelectronic Medicine
Author: Valentin A. Pavlov
Publisher: Perspectives Cshl
Total Pages: 350
Release: 2019
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9781621823025

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"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine."