The Effect of Racial Discrimination on Mental Health of African American and Hispanic American Adolescents

The Effect of Racial Discrimination on Mental Health of African American and Hispanic American Adolescents
Author: Amanda A. Patrick
Publisher:
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2018
Genre: Adolescent psychology
ISBN:
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Racial discrimination continues to be a major issue, particularly in the lives of minorities. In the United States, racial discrimination significantly influences many aspects of minorities' lives such as physical health, psychological health, access to jobs, and access to higher education. In this research, discrimination is conceptualized as a psychological stressor in the lives of minority adolescents since it poses a risk to healthy adolescent development; it can lead to feelings of helplessness, derogation, and demoralization. Using a cross-sectional sample of 618 African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans, and drawing on the integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children, risk and resilience, social identity, and intersectionality, this paper examines (a) the relationship between racial discrimination and mental health problems of pre-adolescents and adolescents, (b) the moderating role of the importance of racial/ethnic identity, religious importance, and other support factors, (c) the moderating influence of gender and (d) the moderating influence of neighborhood factors. Results indicate that worrying about discrimination, having a negative future outlook, high levels of policing in the neighborhood, poverty, and experiences of violence, increased depression. In contrast, importance of ethnicity, having a close relationship with parents, and the availability of services for youths, reduced depression for adolescents. In addition, experiences of violence moderated the effect of discrimination on depression for Hispanic girls only. Results for aggression indicate that negative future outlook, and experiences of violence, significantly increased aggression, while importance of ethnicity, and having a close relationship with parents decreased aggression. In addition, importance of ethnicity moderated the effect of parental closeness, while the availability of services for youths, moderated the effect of worrying about discrimination for African-American girls only. Results for withdrawal, indicate that worrying about discrimination, having a negative future outlook, high levels of policing in the neighborhood, and experiences of violence increased withdrawal. In contrast, importance of ethnicity, importance of religion, and having a close relationship with parents, reduced withdrawal for adolescents. For African-American boys only, the importance of religion moderated the effect of discrimination, while the importance of ethnicity moderated the effect of parental closeness. For Hispanic girls only, the availability of services for youths moderated the effect of discrimination.

Handbook of Children and Prejudice

Handbook of Children and Prejudice
Author: Hiram E. Fitzgerald
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 650
Release: 2019-05-21
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 303012228X
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This handbook examines the effects and influences on child and youth development of prejudice, discrimination, and inequity as well as other critical contexts, including implicit bias, explicit racism, post immigration processes, social policies, parenting and media influences. It traces the impact of bias and discrimination on children, from infancy through emerging adulthood with implications for later years. The handbook explores ways in which the expanding social, economic, and racial inequities in society are linked to increases in negative outcomes for children through exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Chapters examine a range of ACEs – low income, separation/divorce, family substance abuse and mental illness, exposure to neighborhood and/or domestic violence, parental incarceration, immigration and displacement, and parent loss through death. Chapters also discuss discrimination and prejudice within the adverse experiences of African American, Asian American, European American, Latino, Native American, Arab American, and Sikh as well as LGBTQ youth and non-binary children. Additionally, the handbook elevates dynamic aspects of resilience, adjustment, and the daily triumphs of children and youth faced with issues related to prejudice and differential treatment. Topics featured in the Handbook include: The intergenerational transmission of protective parent responses to historical trauma. The emotional impact of the acting-white accusation. DREAMers and their experience growing up undocumented in the USA. Online racial discrimination and its relation to mental health and academic outcomes. Teaching strategies for preventing bigoted behavior in class. Emerging areas such as sociopolitical issues, gender prejudice, and dating violence. The Handbook of Children and Prejudice is a must-have resource for researchers, graduate students, clinicians, therapists, and other professionals in clinical child and school psychology, social work, public health, developmental psychology, pediatrics, family studies, juvenile justice, child and adolescent psychiatry, and educational psychology.

Mental Health

Mental Health
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 28
Release: 2001
Genre: African Americans
ISBN:
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Addressing Systemic Racism and Disparate Mental Health Outcomes for Youth of Color, An Issue of Child And Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, E-Book

Addressing Systemic Racism and Disparate Mental Health Outcomes for Youth of Color, An Issue of Child And Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, E-Book
Author: Lisa Fortuna
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Total Pages: 185
Release: 2022-04-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0323987664
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In this issue of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, guest editors Drs. Lisa Fortuna, Cheryl S. Al-Mateen, Lisa M. Cullins, and W. David Lohr bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Systemic Racism and Disparate Mental Health Outcomes for Youth of Color. This issue represents a collaboration by American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry committee members and includes contributions by top experts in the field. It is an invaluable resource for practicing psychiatrists looking to address the unique needs and experiences of black and BIPOC youth in their practices. Contains 15 relevant, practice-oriented topics including the intersection of race and ethnicity with mental health service utilization in foster care youth; understanding systemic racism and racial inequity juvenile justice system involvement; racial disparities in the education system; suicide among minoritized and marginalized youth; trauma and youth of color; parenting and family-based care; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on systemic racism and disparate mental health outcomes for youth of color, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Handbook of Race and Development in Mental Health

Handbook of Race and Development in Mental Health
Author: Edward Chang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 404
Release: 2011-10-02
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 146140424X
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This project is unique in the field for a number of reasons, both in structure and in content. Specifically, it will have leading experts on specific age groups (Childhood to Adolescence, Young Adulthood to Middle Age, and The Elderly) within the cultural groups of interest (European-Americans, African-Americans, Asian-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, and Native Americans) contribute a chapter covering current research on both positive and negative functioning for each population. Each chapter will present basic demographic information, strengths that contribute to resilience, and three significant challenges each group faces to maintaining mental health. Each chapter will then include an integrative section, where ideas are advanced about how the strengths of each group can be harnessed to address the challenges that group faces. To conclude, each chapter will propose future directions for research which addresses integrative approaches to mental health for each group, and the implications that such approaches could have for future treatment. The main points of each section of each chapter will be visually summarized in a concluding table.

Investing in the Health and Well-Being of Young Adults

Investing in the Health and Well-Being of Young Adults
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 431
Release: 2015-01-27
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309309980
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Young adulthood - ages approximately 18 to 26 - is a critical period of development with long-lasting implications for a person's economic security, health and well-being. Young adults are key contributors to the nation's workforce and military services and, since many are parents, to the healthy development of the next generation. Although 'millennials' have received attention in the popular media in recent years, young adults are too rarely treated as a distinct population in policy, programs, and research. Instead, they are often grouped with adolescents or, more often, with all adults. Currently, the nation is experiencing economic restructuring, widening inequality, a rapidly rising ratio of older adults, and an increasingly diverse population. The possible transformative effects of these features make focus on young adults especially important. A systematic approach to understanding and responding to the unique circumstances and needs of today's young adults can help to pave the way to a more productive and equitable tomorrow for young adults in particular and our society at large. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults describes what is meant by the term young adulthood, who young adults are, what they are doing, and what they need. This study recommends actions that nonprofit programs and federal, state, and local agencies can take to help young adults make a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. According to this report, young adults should be considered as a separate group from adolescents and older adults. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults makes the case that increased efforts to improve high school and college graduate rates and education and workforce development systems that are more closely tied to high-demand economic sectors will help this age group achieve greater opportunity and success. The report also discusses the health status of young adults and makes recommendations to develop evidence-based practices for young adults for medical and behavioral health, including preventions. What happens during the young adult years has profound implications for the rest of the life course, and the stability and progress of society at large depends on how any cohort of young adults fares as a whole. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults will provide a roadmap to improving outcomes for this age group as they transition from adolescence to adulthood.

Racism in America and Black Mental Health

Racism in America and Black Mental Health
Author: Katherine Grossman
Publisher: AuthorHouse
Total Pages: 52
Release: 2021-08-25
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1665536551
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From doctors' experimentation on slaves to the Black Lives Matter movement, mental healthcare for Black Americans requires an in-depth investigation into how we got to where we are today. Racism in America: Black Mental Health provides an overview of the historical and modern development of mental health among Black Americans. Issues such as the criminalization of mental health issues, distrust in healthcare systems, and the effects of racial discrimination are explored to offer insights into the future of Black mental health.

Drug Use Trajectories Among Minority Youth

Drug Use Trajectories Among Minority Youth
Author: Yonette F. Thomas
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 459
Release: 2016-09-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9401774919
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This volume examines trajectories of drug use among ethnic minority youth in the United States with a focus on African Americans and Hispanics. It also highlights what research designs have been employed to address these differences as well as suggests strategies for moving this discourse forward by identifying potential targets for prevention and intervention with minority youth. This book features essays by leading experts in the field who have grappled with this issue for decades. Inside, readers will find an insightful dialogue that addresses such questions as: Why are African American and Hispanic youth more likely than their White peers to abstain from drug use during adolescence but are more likely to become problem users later in life? What impact does the stress caused by discrimination have on potential drug use? To what extent does religiosity protect minority youth from drug use as past research suggests that it protects White youth? What is the influence of neighborhood context on exposure to and use of substances among urban African American children? Taken together, the essays in this book identify underexplored risk and protective factors and gaps in the current state of knowledge that can be used to develop effective, culturally specific drug abuse prevention strategies. This book is for anyone with an interest in the initiation and escalation of drug use among African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos and factors that influence these patterns over the life course. It will also be an ideal resource for those interested in better understanding the mechanisms by which risk and protective factors are related to the development of drug use and addiction, particularly the ways in which such factors contribute to health differences and have disproportionately more negative consequences for ethnic minorities.

Unequal Treatment

Unequal Treatment
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 781
Release: 2009-02-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 030908265X
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Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.

Racism and Psychiatry

Racism and Psychiatry
Author: Morgan M. Medlock
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 264
Release: 2018-10-04
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3319901974
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This book addresses the unique sociocultural and historical systems of oppression that have alienated African-American and other racial minority patients within the mental healthcare system. This text aims to build a novel didactic curriculum addressing racism, justice, and community mental health as these issues intersect clinical practice. Unlike any other resource, this guide moves beyond an exploration of the problem of racism and its detrimental effects, to a practical, solution-oriented discussion of how to understand and approach the mental health consequences with a lens and sensitivity for contemporary justice issues. After establishing the historical context of racism within organized medicine and psychiatry, the text boldly examines contemporary issues, including clinical biases in diagnosis and treatment, addiction and incarceration, and perspectives on providing psychotherapy to racial minorities. The text concludes with chapters covering training and medical education within this sphere, approaches to supporting patients coping with racism and discrimination, and strategies for changing institutional practices in mental healthcare. Written by thought leaders in the field, Racism and Psychiatry is the only current tool for psychiatrists, psychologists, administrators, educators, medical students, social workers, and all clinicians working to treat patients dealing with issues of racism at the point of mental healthcare.