The Decision Making Inside the Syrian Regime
Author | : Safwan Dawod |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 132 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : Syria |
ISBN | : 9781536128529 |
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Author | : Safwan Dawod |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 132 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : Syria |
ISBN | : 9781536128529 |
Author | : Safwan Dawod |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : Decision making |
ISBN | : 9781536128512 |
The regime structure and its dominant relation can be studied through the standard and levels of decision characteristics, its making centers, and the basis of the official discourse as well as the mechanisms of investing the legitimacy conception. Studying the subjects of this book required the considering of the superimposition context which may be included in the causes of the crisis explosion; in view of the fact that it carries with itself a time particularity in the development of its internal corrosion (i.e., local consciousness), it justifies going into some historical and political issues. The time profundity provided by discussing some of these issues reveals some phenomena of the problem with the regimes considerate discourse with and within the historical and political contexts of the Syrian society and their relation with hegemony patterns. This book, therefore, depended on social and critical ideas of the Syrian society. The most important problem which had not been previously treated enough was discussed: it is that the decision-making monopoly in Syria was accompanied by a selective process of the cognitive product practiced by the Syrian regimes official discourse, a monopoly which led to profound defects with regard to controlling the future of Syria. "Dominant power" is meant to distinguish between two correlated contexts which define both dominion and hegemony concepts, since the regime in Syria is the outcome of these two concepts, with their differences and intersections as a whole. Hegemony, on the other hand, belongs to economic powers, traditional bourgeois and extraordinary bourgeois which originated from plundering the state wealth during the reign of Baath, and its connection with Gulf capital. These are the powers which took hold of and prevailed over fortunes and investment opportunities and carried out interest deals with the influential people in the governmental institutions and administrations. They are the powers which excreted the economic class really controlling the Syrian economy and can be idiomatically designated as the Controlling Economic Powers (CEP). Hegemony belongs to the political powers of the Baathist ideology, institutions, administrations, armed forces and different security bodies that give orders to the state through the government and parliament to implement the decisions, which determine the structure of the state institution in Syria. This, also idiomatically, can be designated as Powers of Political Decision (PPD). Between these two powers, there is a strong interest relation so that the first provides the second with financial and material revenues in exchange for legislative and facilities from the second to make the investment jobs easier. It must be noted that the (PPD) are in a way controlled by internal balances, the most important of which is the balance with the symbols of the Superstructure of the Syrian Society.
Author | : Jasmine K. Gani |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 452 |
Release | : 2022-03-18 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 100054592X |
This volume covers the "middle" time period of the Syrian uprising, roughly from 2012 when Syria’s peaceful protest began to mutate into a violent insurgency and civil war until roughly 2018 when the conflict took on features of a "frozen conflict". The middle period was important as one of key junctures or turning points when the struggle could have reached rather different outcomes. Non-violent protest failed to drive democratization and turned into violent insurrection but revolution from below also failed as did regime counter-insurgency, leaving protracted civil war the default outcome. Second, the consequences of civil war became evident with six themes: failing statehood coexisted with regime resilience; rebel governance emerged as a viable challenge to the regime; social forces were sharply polarized; external actors exacerbated internal divisions; a predatory war economy emerged; and intense violence led to massive displacement of the population. Taking an innovative and interdisciplinary approach that seeks to capture the full complexity of the phenomenon, this book contributes significantly to our understanding of the Syrian conflict, therefore it will be of interest to academics, students, journalists and policy-makers interested in the Syrian civil war.
Author | : Radwan Ziadeh |
Publisher | : Bloomsbury Publishing |
Total Pages | : 176 |
Release | : 2012-12-20 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0857737694 |
As Bashar al-Asad rescinds emergency rule in the face of demonstrations and protests, Syria finds itself in a key position in a Middle East beset by regional tensions, the repercussions of the global 'war on terror' and popular uprisings. The bloodless coup by General Hafez al-Assad, in 1970, put in place a powerful autocratic machinery at the core of the state which continues till today under the control of his son Bashar. Here Radwan Ziadeh presents a fresh and penetrating analysis of Syria's political structure - a 'despotic' state monopoly, a bureaucratic climate marked by fear, and the administrative structure through which centralized control is exercised. With a focus on Syria's intelligence services which have significant influence in legal and policy decisions, and the conditions and patterns of foreign policy decision-making, particularly vis-a-vis the US, 'Power and Policy in Syria' is essential reading for all those interested in Syria, the modern Middle East, International Relations and Security Studies.
Author | : Ibrahim Elbadawi |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 357 |
Release | : 2017-01-05 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1107164206 |
A cross-country examination of authoritarianism and democracy in North Africa and the Middle East.
Author | : Piers Robinson |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 196 |
Release | : 2005-07-08 |
Genre | : Performing Arts |
ISBN | : 1134513135 |
The CNN Effect examines the relationship between the state and its media, and considers the role played by the news reporting in a series of 'humanitarian' interventions in Iraq, Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo and Rwanda. Piers Robinson challenges traditional views of media subservience and argues that sympathetic news coverage at key moments in foreign crises can influence the response of Western governments.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2019 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9789290847496 |
Over the course of four decades of Assad rule, first by the father and then the son, organic mechanisms for producing local elite members who were effective and legitimate leaders were paralyzed as a result of the security, economic and social policies that the regime pursued in the city of Deir Ez-Zor. This produced a weak local society with a weak elite who were side-lined by the course of events immediately following the outbreak of the revolution in 2011. Then, during the war and the siege that Islamic State imposed on the enclave in the city under regime control, new influential actors emerged with diverse affiliations and backgrounds. In the war economy network that has formed in this region, some of these new actors have been able to build relationships and partnerships with the heads of the intelligence services, prominent army officers and the governor. The regime regained complete control over the city of Deir Ez-Zor in autumn 2017 following a joint military campaign that included Syrian Arab Army units and their auxiliary militias, Russian forces and militias affiliated with the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps. The city then entered a transitional phase in which a local elite has re-formed. This new elite includes local warlords and members of the previous elite who had steered clear of the events of the previous years and then returned to resume their roles and become directly influential actors. To a lesser extent, the new elite also includes individuals who enjoy 'professional competences,' but such actors remain weak in comparison to the main centres of power, clout and influence. The precise boundaries of this new elite stratum are not yet fully apparent, but its main features and characteristics have become clear. Competence, qualifications and inherited social capital matter very little as criteria for joining it. Instead, the most important criteria are absolute loyalty to the regime, wealth acquired by any means and the ability to build and consolidate relationships in decision-making circles - both at the local level with the heads of the intelligence services and at the national level with the regime's highest security and economic clique. Intelligence and military domination alone are not sufficient to achieve firm long-lasting control over society. The regime therefore has to rebuild the civilian arms of its power, including in the political dimension, pursued through a revival of the Baath party and its attendant organizations; in the economic and services dimension, through re-opening government agencies, companies and directorates; in the legal dimension, through reconstruction of the judicial and police services; and in the administrative dimension, through the reconstitution of local governance units via pro-forma elections fixed in favour of candidates hand-picked by the regime. Following a contentious period in which army officers from other provinces gained transient partial control over the local hierarchy of authority, the heads of the intelligence services are recovering their domination over the highest ranks of local power. Deir Ez-Zor's new elite - which the intelligence services helped create, if they did not create it single-handedly - is likewise currently being subordinated to them.
Author | : Marwa Daoudy |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 265 |
Release | : 2020-03-26 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 1108476082 |
Presents a new conceptual framework drawing on human security to evaluate the claim that climate change caused the conflict in Syria.
Author | : Kamal Ali Beyoghlow |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 620 |
Release | : 1983 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Raymond Hinnebusch |
Publisher | : Syracuse University Press |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2015-01-02 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 9780815633778 |
When Bashar al-Asad smoothly assumed power in July 2000, just seven days after the death of his father, observers were divided on what this would mean for the country’s foreign and domestic politics. On the one hand, it seemed everything would stay the same: an Asad on top of a political system controlled by secret services and Baathist one-party rule. On the other hand, it looked like everything would be different: a young president with exposure to Western education who, in his inaugural speech, emphasized his determination to modernize Syria. This volume explores the ways in which Asad’s domestic and foreign policy strategies during his first decade in power safeguarded his rule and adapted Syria to the age of globalization. The volume’s contributors examine multiple aspects of Asad’s rule in the 2000s, from power consolidation within the party and control of the opposition to economic reform, co-opting new private charities, and coping with Iraqi refugees. The Syrian regime temporarily succeeded in reproducing its power and legitimacy, in reconstructing its social base, and in managing regional and international challenges. At the same time, contributors clearly detail the shortcomings, inconsistencies, and risks these policies entailed, illustrating why Syria’s tenuous stability came to an abrupt end during the Arab Spring of 2011. This volume presents the work of an international group of scholars from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds. Based on extensive fieldwork and on intimate knowledge of a country whose dynamics often seem complicated and obscure to outside observers, these scholars’ insightful snapshots of Bashar al-Asad’s decade of authoritarian upgrading provide an indispensable resource for understanding the current crisis and its disastrous consequences.