The Dachau Defendants

The Dachau Defendants
Author: Fern Overbey Hilton
Publisher: McFarland
Total Pages: 210
Release: 2004-07-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 0786417684

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In the 489 Dachau trials, 1700 criminals of Nazi Germany faced American justice. Held in the old administration building of the defunct concentration camp, they began just weeks after the capitulation in 1945 and were completed on December 30, 1947. The defendants varied from major figures in the Reich, to doctors, engineers, and teachers, to farmers, students, and villagers. The crimes include the abuse or murder of downed American airmen and atrocities committed against victims of all nationalities in the concentration camps and transports. This study concentrates on a selection of the trials that show a broad group of representative crimes and lend themselves to an understanding of World War II German culture. In proving that the average citizen could be as devoted a contributor to the Nazi cause as Hitler, it hopes to reveal something about those who would not stand up to him, who tolerated him, or who joined him. It addresses the disturbing reality that most atrocities committed in the Hitler era were the result of personal decisions made by others than the dictator. Written from primary source documents such as letters, testimony, petitions, military records, physical evidence, and the official files and reviews of the trials, the case descriptions also provide defendants' personal details: upbringing, family life, education, career choices, their behavior during the trials, and their lives afterward. The study concludes with an appendix of all cases by number and defendant, divided by series, and a bibliography. It is illustrated with mug shots of the defendants and photographs of relevant sites and events.

Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials

Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials
Author: John J. Dunphy
Publisher: McFarland
Total Pages: 219
Release: 2024-08-28
Genre: History
ISBN: 1476695407

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The U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group investigated atrocities committed in Germany and Nazi-occupied Europe during World War II. These young Americans--many barely out of their teens--gathered evidence, interviewed witnesses, apprehended suspects and prosecuted defendants at trials held at Dachau. Their work often put them in harm's way--some suspects facing arrest preferred to shoot it out. The War Crimes Group successfully prosecuted the perpetrators of the Malmedy Massacre, in which 84 American prisoners of war were shot by their German captors; and Waffen-SS commando Otto Skorzeny, aptly described as "the most dangerous man in Europe." Operation Paperclip, however, placed some war criminals--scientists and engineers recruited by the U.S. government--beyond their reach. From the ruins of the Third Reich arose a Nazi underground that preyed on Americans, especially members of the Group.

Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials

Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials
Author: John J. Dunphy
Publisher: McFarland
Total Pages: 200
Release: 2018-07-31
Genre: History
ISBN: 1476633371

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The U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group investigated atrocities committed in Germany and Nazi-occupied Europe during World War II. These young Americans--many barely out of their teens--gathered evidence, interviewed witnesses, apprehended suspects and prosecuted defendants at trials held at Dachau. Their work often put them in harm's way--some suspects facing arrest preferred to shoot it out. The WCG successfully prosecuted the perpetrators of the Malmedy Massacre, in which 84 American prisoners of war were shot by their German captors, and Waffen-SS commando Otto Skorzeny, aptly described as "the most dangerous man in Europe." Operation Paperclip, however, placed some war criminals--scientists and engineers recruited by the U.S. government--beyond their reach. From the ruins of the Third Reich arose a Nazi underground that preyed on Americans--especially members of the WCG.

Justice at Dachau

Justice at Dachau
Author: Joshua Greene
Publisher: Broadway Books
Total Pages: 402
Release: 2007-12-18
Genre: History
ISBN: 0307419053

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The world remembers Nuremberg, where a handful of Nazi policymakers were brought to justice, but nearly forgotten are the proceedings at Dachau, where hundreds of Nazi guards, officers, and doctors stood trial for personally taking part in the torture and execution of prisoners inside the Dachau, Mauthausen, Flossenburg, and Buchenwald concentration camps. In Justice at Dachau, Joshua M. Greene, maker of the award winning documentary film Witness: Voices from the Holocaust, recreates the Dachau trials and reveals the dramatic story of William Denson, a soft-spoken young lawyer from Alabama whisked from teaching law at West Point to leading the prosecution in the largest series of Nazi trials in history. In a makeshift courtroom set up inside Hitler’s first concentration camp, Denson was charged with building a team from lawyers who had no background in war crimes and determining charges for crimes that courts had never before confronted. Among the accused were Dr. Klaus Schilling, responsible for hundreds of deaths in his “research” for a cure for malaria; Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen, a Harvard psychologist turned Gestapo informant; and one of history’s most notorious female war criminals, Ilse Koch, “Bitch of Buchenwald,” whose penchant for tattooed skins and human bone lamps made headlines worldwide. Denson, just thirty-two years old, with one criminal trial to his name, led a brilliant and successful prosecution, but nearly two years of exposure to such horrors took its toll. His wife divorced him, his weight dropped to 116 pounds, and he collapsed from exhaustion. Worst of all was the pressure from his army superiors to bring the trials to a rapid end when their agenda shifted away from punishing Nazis to winning the Germans’ support in the emerging Cold War. Denson persevered, determined to create a careful record of responsibility for the crimes of the Holocaust. When, in a final shocking twist, the United States used clandestine reversals and commutation of sentences to set free those found guilty at Dachau, Denson risked his army career to try to prevent justice from being undone. From the Hardcover edition.

The Dachau Nazi Trial The First Attempt To Punish Nazi Crimes Committed At The Concentration Camps

The Dachau Nazi Trial The First Attempt To Punish Nazi Crimes Committed At The Concentration Camps
Author: Davis Truman
Publisher: Vincenzo Nappi
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2024-05-03
Genre: History
ISBN:

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During the postwar years, the United States initiated a comprehensive trial program in Germany to address Nazi crimes. This program included three main sets of trials: the International Military Trial at Nuremberg, the Nuremberg Military Tribunals, and trials conducted at the Dachau concentration camp. The Dachau trials focused on prosecuting individuals involved in atrocities at several camps liberated by American forces, such as Dachau, Mauthausen, Buchenwald, Flossenbürg, and Dora-Mittelbau. These trials were a critical effort by the United States to punish Nazi crimes within the concentration camps. Over 1,000 defendants were tried at Dachau for violating the laws of war, as defined by international and American military norms. The legal process faced challenges due to the unprecedented nature of the crimes. A notable innovation in the Dachau trials was the use of a criminal conspiracy charge, which accused defendants of participating in the standard criminal design of the concentration camp system as a criminal organization. However, after 1947 and 1948, issues arose due to inadequate planning for the trials' aftermath, particularly regarding the appellate process for convicted individuals. This became more pressing amid escalating tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. Two scandals drew public attention, leading to official investigations by the U.S. Congress into the Dachau tribunal program. While the reviews were critical of the Army's handling of clemency, they largely praised the trials themselves. Despite this, over time, the Dachau trials faded from public memory.

Innocent at Dachau

Innocent at Dachau
Author: Joseph Halow
Publisher: Legion for the Survival of Freedom
Total Pages: 368
Release: 1993
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN:

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The Mauthausen Trial

The Mauthausen Trial
Author: Tomaz Jardim
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 223
Release: 2012-01-02
Genre: History
ISBN: 0674264738

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Shortly after 9:00 a.m. on May 27, 1947, the first of forty-nine men condemned to death for war crimes at Mauthausen concentration camp mounted the gallows at Landsberg prison near Munich. The mass execution that followed resulted from an American military trial conducted at Dachau in the spring of 1946—a trial that lasted only thirty-six days and yet produced more death sentences than any other in American history. The Mauthausen trial was part of a massive series of proceedings designed to judge and punish Nazi war criminals in the most expedient manner the law would allow. There was no doubt that the crimes had been monstrous. Yet despite meting out punishment to a group of incontestably guilty men, the Mauthausen trial reveals a troubling and seldom-recognized face of American postwar justice—one characterized by rapid proceedings, lax rules of evidence, and questionable interrogations. Although the better-known Nuremberg trials are often regarded as epitomizing American judicial ideals, these trials were in fact the exception to the rule. Instead, as Tomaz Jardim convincingly demonstrates, the rough justice of the Mauthausen trial remains indicative of the most common—and yet least understood—American approach to war crimes prosecution. The Mauthausen Trial forces reflection on the implications of compromising legal standards in order to guarantee that guilty people do not walk free.

The Malmedy Massacre

The Malmedy Massacre
Author: Steven P. Remy
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 353
Release: 2017-03-14
Genre: History
ISBN: 067497722X

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During the Battle of the Bulge, Waffen SS soldiers shot 84 American prisoners near the Belgian town of Malmedy—the deadliest mass execution of U.S. soldiers during World War II. The bloody deeds of December 17, 1944, produced the most controversial war crimes trial in American history. Drawing on newly declassified documents, Steven Remy revisits the massacre—and the decade-long controversy that followed—to set the record straight. After the war, the U.S. Army tracked down 74 of the SS men involved in the massacre and other atrocities and put them on trial at Dachau. All the defendants were convicted and sentenced to death or life imprisonment. Over the following decade, however, a network of Germans and sympathetic Americans succeeded in discrediting the trial. They claimed that interrogators—some of them Jewish émigrés—had coerced false confessions and that heat of battle conditions, rather than superiors’ orders, had led to the shooting. They insisted that vengeance, not justice, was the prosecution’s true objective. The controversy generated by these accusations, leveled just as the United States was anxious to placate its West German ally, resulted in the release of all the convicted men by 1957. The Malmedy Massacre shows that the torture accusations were untrue, and the massacre was no accident but was typical of the Waffen SS’s brutal fighting style. Remy reveals in unprecedented depth how German and American amnesty advocates warped our understanding of one of the war’s most infamous crimes through a systematic campaign of fabrications and distortions.

Nazi Medicine and the Nuremberg Trials

Nazi Medicine and the Nuremberg Trials
Author: P. Weindling
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 490
Release: 2004-10-29
Genre: History
ISBN: 0230506054

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This book offers a radically new and definitive reappraisal of Allied responses to Nazi human experiments and the origins of informed consent. It places the victims and Allied Medical Intelligence officers at centre stage, while providing a full reconstruction of policies on war crimes and trials related to Nazi medical atrocities and genocide.

Doctors from Hell

Doctors from Hell
Author: Vivien Spitz
Publisher: Sentient Publications
Total Pages: 354
Release: 2005
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 1591810329

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A chilling story of human depravity and ultimate justice, told for the first time by an eyewitness court reporter for the Nuremberg war crimes trial of Nazi doctors. This is the account of 22 men and 1 woman and the torturing and killing by experiment they authorized in the name of scientific research and patriotism. Doctors from Hell includes trial transcripts that have not been easily available to the general public and previously unpublished photographs used as evidence in the trial. The author describes the experience of being in bombed-out, dangerous, post-war Nuremberg, where she lived for two years while working on the trial. Once a Nazi sympathizer tossed bombs into the dining room of the hotel where she lived moments before she arrived for dinner. She takes us into the courtroom to hear the dramatic testimony and see the reactions of the defendants to the proceedings. This landmark trial resulted in the establishment of the Nuremberg code, which set the guidelines for medical research involving human beings. A significant addition to the literature on World War II and the Holocaust, medical ethics, human rights, and the barbaric depths to which human beings can descend.