A Critical Assessment of Contemporary Cosmological Arguments

A Critical Assessment of Contemporary Cosmological Arguments
Author: Emanuel Rutten
Publisher:
Total Pages: 208
Release:
Genre:
ISBN: 9081960806

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Ever since Plato, philosophers have developed rational arguments for the existence of God. In the last decades the philosophical interest in these arguments has grown again significantly. In this book cosmological arguments are investigated. A cosmological argument derives the existence of God from the fact that there exist caused things. In the first part of this book the author argues that these arguments show that it is plausible that the cosmos was brought about by a necessarily existing conscious, free being. However, as is shown as well, it does not follow that this being is also the first cause of the whole of reality, something typically said of God. In the second part of the book a new argument for the existence of a first cause is presented, based on the premises of atomism and causalism. Subsequently, the author proposes a new modal-epistemic argument for the existence of a conscious, free being who is the first cause of reality. Objections to both new arguments are evaluated and refuted. The book concludes with the observation that these arguments can be combined with cosmological arguments in order to arrive at a renewed case for theism.

The Kalam Cosmological Argument, Volume 1

The Kalam Cosmological Argument, Volume 1
Author: Paul Copan
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Total Pages: 337
Release: 2017-11-16
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1501330799

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Did the universe begin to exist? If so, did it have a cause? Or could it have come into existence uncaused, from nothing? These questions are taken up by the medieval-though recently-revived-kalam cosmological argument, which has arguably been the most discussed philosophical argument for God's existence in recent decades. The kalam's line of reasoning maintains that the series of past events cannot be infinite but rather is finite. Since the universe could not have come into being uncaused, there must be a transcendent cause of the universe's beginning, a conclusion supportive of theism. This anthology on the philosophical arguments for the finitude of the past asks: Is an infinite series of past events metaphysically possible? Should actual infinites be restricted to theoretical mathematics, or can an actual infinite exist in the concrete world? These essays by kalam proponents and detractors engage in lively debate about the nature of infinity and its conundrums; about frequently-used kalam argument paradoxes of Tristram Shandy, the Grim Reaper, and Hilbert's Hotel; and about the infinity of the future.

The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz

The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz
Author: Nicholas Jolley
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 520
Release: 1995
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9780521367691

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The most comprehensive account of the full range of Leibniz's thought.

Cosmological Arguments

Cosmological Arguments
Author: Michael Almeida
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 80
Release: 2018-07-31
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 9781108456920

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The book discusses the structure, content, and evaluation of cosmological arguments. The introductory chapter investigates features essential to cosmological arguments. Traditionally, cosmological arguments are distinguished by their appeal to change, causation, contingency or objective becoming in the world. But none of these is in fact essential to the formulation of cosmological arguments. Chapters I - III present a critical discussion of traditional Thomistic, Kalam, and Leibnizian cosmological arguments, noting various advantages and disadvantages of these approaches. Chapter IV offers an entirely new approach to the cosmological argument-the approach of theistic modal realism. The proper explananda of cosmological arguments on this approach is not change, causation, contingency or objective becoming in the world. The proper explananda is the totality of metaphysical reality-all actualia and all possibilia. The result is the most compelling and least objectionable version of the cosmological argument.

The Principle of Sufficient Reason

The Principle of Sufficient Reason
Author: Alexander R. Pruss
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 317
Release: 2006-03-20
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1139455095

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The Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) says that all contingent facts must have explanation. In this 2006 volume, which was the first on the topic in the English language in nearly half a century, Alexander Pruss examines the substantive philosophical issues raised by the Principle Reason. Discussing various forms of the PSR and selected historical episodes, from Parmenides, Leibnez, and Hume, Pruss defends the claim that every true contingent proposition must have an explanation against major objections, including Hume's imaginability argument and Peter van Inwagen's argument that the PSR entails modal fatalism. Pruss also provides a number of positive arguments for the PSR, based on considerations as different as the metaphysics of existence, counterfactuals and modality, negative explanations, and the everyday applicability of the PSR. Moreover, Pruss shows how the PSR would advance the discussion in a number of disparate fields, including meta-ethics and the philosophy of mathematics.

The Ultimate Why Question

The Ultimate Why Question
Author: John F. Wippel
Publisher: CUA Press
Total Pages: 274
Release: 2011-06-08
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0813218632

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This volume gathers studies by prominent scholars and philosophers about the question how have major figures from the history of philosophy, and some contemporary philosophers, addressed "the ultimate why question": why is there anything at all rather than nothing whatsoever?

The Son Rises

The Son Rises
Author: William L. Craig
Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers
Total Pages: 157
Release: 2000-09-29
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 1579104649

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Is the Christian message of Jesus Christ and his resurrection true? Using ten lines of historical evidence, Dr. Craig defends the probability that Jesus was resurrected following his crucifixion. He examines the origin of the Christian movement, and more provocative subjects, such as the Shroud of Turin, parapsychological phenomena and hallucinations.

Logic and Theism

Logic and Theism
Author: Jordan Howard Sobel
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 676
Release: 2003-11-10
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1139449982

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This is a wide-ranging 2004 book about arguments for and against beliefs in God. This book will be a valuable resource for philosophers of religion and theologians and will interest logicians and mathematicians as well.