The Complexity of Traffic Grooming in Optical Path Networks with Egress Traffic

The Complexity of Traffic Grooming in Optical Path Networks with Egress Traffic
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Release: 2003
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We consider the problem of minimizing network costs when grooming traffic in optical networks that support Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). While the general problem has been shown to be NP-Hard for a number of cost measures, there still exist restricted problems for which no complexity bound is known. In this research, we restrict our attention to traffic grooming for path networks with egress (all-to-one) traffic. This restricted model has practical significance for high speed (optical) access networks and can also lead to better bounds and approximations on more general network topologies (such as ring and star networks) that can be decomposed into path networks. Three important cost measures for this restricted model are studied. The first cost measure is the total number of ADMs used by the solution. Minimizing this cost was known to be NP-Complete even for egress traffic without using cross connects. We show that allowing an unbounded number of wavelengths obviates the need for digital cross connects at the nodes and hence the problem remains NP-Complete even when cross connects are allowed. The second cost measure is the number of transceivers used by the solution. We show that the problem of minimizing the number of transceivers is NP-Complete, even when restricted to egress traffic. We then develop a simple approximation scheme where the transceiver cost exceeds the minimum by at most the number of required wavelengths. Finally, we show that under certain conditions, there exist solutions that simultaneously minimize both ADM and transceiver costs. The third cost model aims to minimize the total electronic switching in the network. For this cost measure, we develop a polynomial time algorithm to determine the cost and structure of an optimum solution when the wavelength capacity constraint is relaxed. A closed form expression to determine the minimum cost is presented for problem instances with uniform traffic. We observe that these costs provide a l.

Traffic Grooming in Wavelength Routed Path Networks

Traffic Grooming in Wavelength Routed Path Networks
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Release: 2001
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ISBN:

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Recent increase in bandwidth and development of wavelength routing techniques has prompted the study of traffic grooming in wide area wavelength routed optical networks. These networks are widely expected to form the high speed high performance backbone networks of the future. We have studied the grooming problem as applied to the path network, where the physical topology of fibers simply forms a path. Path networks are important in themselves, because they arise naturally in different realistic scenarios, but also because they are simple elemental topologies which can contribute to the understanding of more complex topologies. We show that the problem of traffic grooming is NP-Complete in both unidirectional and bidirectional path networks under the objective of minimizing network-wide amount of electronic switching, whether bifurcation of traffic components into integral sub-components is allowed or not. These results are somewhat surprising in such a simple topology as the path, and underline the inherent complexity of the grooming problem. Our results have implications for grooming problems with other topologies, which we explore. We also explore the approximability of the problem in path networks. We prove that there is no such a polynomial approximation algorithm that it can guarantee an approximation ratio less than infinity, unless $P=NP$. We propose a heuristic approach to solve the problem practically. Our approach is loosely based on the idea of flow deviation. After defining the deviation framework in the context of our problem, we show that it is a family of algorithms rather than a single one, the different members of the family obtained by choosing different candidate approaches to two key subtasks. Some of these members possess practically important performance guarantees, which we define. We present numerical results obtained by applying our technique to traffic instances of various patterns to validate our theoretical claims.

Traffic Grooming in Optical WDM Mesh Networks

Traffic Grooming in Optical WDM Mesh Networks
Author: Keyao Zhu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 189
Release: 2006-03-30
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0387270981

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Optical networks based on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) tech nology offer the promise to satisfy the bandwidth requirements of the Inter net infrastructure, and provide a scalable solution to support the bandwidth needs of future applications in the local and wide areas. In a waveleng- routed network, an optical channel, referred to as a lightpath, is set up between two network nodes for communication. Using WDM technology, an optical fiber link can support multiple non-overlapping wavelength channels, each of which can be operated at the data rate of 10 Gbps or 40 Gbps today. On the other hand, only a fraction of customers are expected to have a need for such a high bandwidth. Due to the large cost of the optical backbone infrastruc ture and enormous WDM channel capacity, connection requests with diverse low-speed bandwidth requirements need to be efficiently groomed onto hi- capacity wavelength channels. This book investigates the optimized design, provisioning, and performance analysis of traffic-groomable WDM networks, and proposes and evaluates new WDM network architectures. Organization of the Book Significant amount of research effort has been devoted to traffic grooming in SONET/WDM ring networks since the current telecom networks are mainly deployed in the form of ring topologies or interconnected rings. As the long-haul backbone networks are evolving to irregular mesh topologies, traffic grooming in optical WDM mesh networks becomes an extremely important and practical research topic for both industry and academia.

Traffic Grooming in SONET/WDM Networks

Traffic Grooming in SONET/WDM Networks
Author: Yong Wang
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2008
Genre: Algorithms
ISBN:

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In SONET/WDM networks, the bandwidth requirement of an individual network traffic demand is normally much lower than the capacity provided by a wavelength channel. Therefore multiple low-rate traffic demands are usually multiplexed together to share a high-speed wavelength channel during the transmission, and demultiplexed when arriving at corresponding destinations. This multiplexing/demultiplexing is known as Traffic grooming and carried out by SONET Add-Drop Multiplexers (SADM). Since SADMs are expensive network devices, optimization problems in traffic grooming have been focusing on making efficient use of the SADMs. Traffic grooming has attracted a lot of research attention, and the optimization problems are challenging and NP-hard for almost all possible problem settings. In this thesis, we will study the traffic grooming problem and focus on designing efficient performance guaranteed algorithms for Unidirectional Path-Switch Ring (UPSR) networks in the following three categories: Firstly, we study the traffic grooming problem to minimize the total number of required SADMs in order to satisfy a given set of traffic demands, and aim to get better upper bounds on the number of SADMs than those achieved by previous algorithms. Secondly, we analyze the computational complexity and propose an efficient approximation algorithm for grooming the regular traffic pattern, which has not been studied previously. Thirdly, we study the computational complexity and propose efficient approximation algorithms for the Min-Max traffic grooming problem and the Maximum Throughput traffic grooming problem. We will also study the traffic grooming problems in Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring (BLSR) networks and discuss the extensions of our results for UPSR networks to BLSR networks. Finally, we will survey existing research problems on traffic grooming in other network topologies, for which we will discuss possible future research directions.

Traffic Grooming for Optical Networks

Traffic Grooming for Optical Networks
Author: Rudra Dutta
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 300
Release: 2008-08-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0387745181

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This book presents the practical motivation, theoretical description, and extant techniques for traffic grooming in optical networks. The description of the various topics of research will be authored by leading researchers in this area, and will contain comprehensive description of related literature for each area. This book is intended to be a definitive reference and text for traffic grooming both for the practitioner in industry and the student in academia.

Optical WDM Networks

Optical WDM Networks
Author: Hongyue Zhu
Publisher:
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2005
Genre:
ISBN:

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Hierarchical Traffic Grooming in Large-Scale WDM Networks

Hierarchical Traffic Grooming in Large-Scale WDM Networks
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Release: 2004
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ISBN:

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The advances in fiber optics and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology are viewed as the key to satisfying the data-driven bandwidth demand of today's Internet. The mismatch of bandwidths between user needs and wavelength capacity makes it clear that some multiplexing should be done to use the wavelength capacity efficiently, which will result in reduction on the cost of line terminating equipment (LTE). The technique is referred to as traffic grooming. Previous studies have concentrated on different objectives, or on some special network topologies such as rings. In our study, we aim at minimizing the LTE cost to directly target on minimizing the network cost. We look into the grooming problem in elemental topologies as a starting point. First, we conduct proofs to show that traffic grooming in path, ring and star topology networks with the cost function we consider is NP-Complete. We also show the same complexity results for a Min-Max objective that has not been considered before, on the two elementary topologies. We then design polynomial-time heuristic algorithms for the grooming problem in rings (thus implicitly paths) and stars for networks of larger size. Experiments on various network sizes and traffic patterns show the effectiveness of our algorithms. For general topology networks, we design a hierarchical approach which first partitions a large network into several clusters, then applies the method we use in star networks to each cluster, by selecting a hub node to groom traffic within the cluster. At the second hierarchy, we apply the star grooming method again only on the hub nodes. The polynomial-time hierarchical approach scales well and can cope with large networks of general topology efficiently, both for minimizing LTE cost and for lowering wavelength requirements. We also design a clustering algorithm that can generate good results for subsequent steps in the hierarchical grooming method. Numerical results from experiments show that bot.

Fun with Algorithms

Fun with Algorithms
Author: Pierluigi Crescenzi
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 281
Release: 2007-06-27
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3540729143

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms, FUN 2007, held in Castiglioncello, Italy in June 2007. It details the use, design, and analysis of algorithms and data structures, focusing on results that provide amusing, witty, but nonetheless original and scientifically profound, contributions to the area.