Survival Analysis with Uncertain Endpoints Using an Internal Validation Subsample

Survival Analysis with Uncertain Endpoints Using an Internal Validation Subsample
Author: Jarcy Zee
Publisher:
Total Pages: 134
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

Download Survival Analysis with Uncertain Endpoints Using an Internal Validation Subsample Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

When a true survival endpoint cannot be assessed for some subjects, an alternative endpoint that measures the true endpoint with error may be collected, which often occurs when the true endpoint is too invasive or costly to obtain. We develop nonparametric and semiparametric estimated likelihood functions that incorporate both uncertain endpoints available for all participants and true endpoints available for only a subset of participants. We propose maximum estimated likelihood estimators of the discrete survival function of time to the true endpoint and of a hazard ratio representing the effect of a binary or continuous covariate assuming a proportional hazards model. We show that the proposed estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal and develop the analytical forms of the variance estimators. Through extensive simulations, we also show that the proposed estimators have little bias compared to the naive estimator, which uses only uncertain endpoints, and are more efficient with moderate missingness compared to the complete-case estimator, which uses only available true endpoints. We illustrate the proposed method by estimating the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Using our proposed semiparametric estimator, we develop optimal study design strategies to compare survival across treatment groups for a new trial with these data characteristics. We demonstrate how to calculate the optimal number of true events in the validation set with desired power using simulated data when assuming the baseline distribution of the true event, effect size, correlation between outcomes, and proportion of true outcomes that are missing can be estimated from pilot studies. We also propose a sample size formula that does not depend on baseline distribution of the true event and show that power calculated by the formula matches well with simulation based results. Using results from a Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory study, we calculate the number of true events in the validation set that would need to be observed for new studies comparing development of Alzheimer's disease among those with and without antihypertensive use, as well as the total number of subjects and number in the validation set to be recruited for these new trials.

Survival Analysis Using S

Survival Analysis Using S
Author: Mara Tableman
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 277
Release: 2003-07-28
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0203501411

Download Survival Analysis Using S Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Survival Analysis Using S: Analysis of Time-to-Event Data is designed as a text for a one-semester or one-quarter course in survival analysis for upper-level or graduate students in statistics, biostatistics, and epidemiology. Prerequisites are a standard pre-calculus first course in probability and statistics, and a course in applied linear regression models. No prior knowledge of S or R is assumed. A wide choice of exercises is included, some intended for more advanced students with a first course in mathematical statistics. The authors emphasize parametric log-linear models, while also detailing nonparametric procedures along with model building and data diagnostics. Medical and public health researchers will find the discussion of cut point analysis with bootstrap validation, competing risks and the cumulative incidence estimator, and the analysis of left-truncated and right-censored data invaluable. The bootstrap procedure checks robustness of cut point analysis and determines cut point(s). In a chapter written by Stephen Portnoy, censored regression quantiles - a new nonparametric regression methodology (2003) - is developed to identify important forms of population heterogeneity and to detect departures from traditional Cox models. By generalizing the Kaplan-Meier estimator to regression models for conditional quantiles, this methods provides a valuable complement to traditional Cox proportional hazards approaches.

An Introduction to Survival Analysis Using Stata, Second Edition

An Introduction to Survival Analysis Using Stata, Second Edition
Author: Mario Cleves
Publisher: Stata Press
Total Pages: 398
Release: 2008-05-15
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1597180416

Download An Introduction to Survival Analysis Using Stata, Second Edition Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

"[This book] provides new researchers with the foundation for understanding the various approaches for analyzing time-to-event data. This book serves not only as a tutorial for those wishing to learn survival analysis but as a ... reference for experienced researchers ..."--Book jacket.

Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes

Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes
Author: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/AHRQ
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Total Pages: 396
Release: 2014-04-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1587634333

Download Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews.

Design and Analysis of DNA Microarray Investigations

Design and Analysis of DNA Microarray Investigations
Author: Richard M. Simon
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 205
Release: 2006-05-09
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0387218661

Download Design and Analysis of DNA Microarray Investigations Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The analysis of gene expression profile data from DNA micorarray studies are discussed in this book. It provides a review of available methods and presents it in a manner that is intelligible to biologists. It offers an understanding of the design and analysis of experiments utilizing microarrays to benefit scientists. It includes an Appendix tutorial on the use of BRB-ArrayTools and step by step analyses of several major datasets using this software which is available from the National Cancer Institute.

Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model

Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Author: Terry M. Therneau
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 356
Release: 2013-11-11
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1475732945

Download Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

This book is for statistical practitioners, particularly those who design and analyze studies for survival and event history data. Building on recent developments motivated by counting process and martingale theory, it shows the reader how to extend the Cox model to analyze multiple/correlated event data using marginal and random effects. The focus is on actual data examples, the analysis and interpretation of results, and computation. The book shows how these new methods can be implemented in SAS and S-Plus, including computer code, worked examples, and data sets.

Pragmatics of Uncertainty

Pragmatics of Uncertainty
Author: Joseph B. Kadane
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 312
Release: 2016-10-14
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1315353814

Download Pragmatics of Uncertainty Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

A fair question to ask of an advocate of subjective Bayesianism (which the author is) is "how would you model uncertainty?" In this book, the author writes about how he has done it using real problems from the past, and offers additional comments about the context in which he was working.

Counting Processes and Survival Analysis

Counting Processes and Survival Analysis
Author: Thomas R. Fleming
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 454
Release: 2011-09-20
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 111815066X

Download Counting Processes and Survival Analysis Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The Wiley-Interscience Paperback Series consists of selected books that have been made more accessible to consumers in an effort to increase global appeal and general circulation. With these new unabridged softcover volumes, Wiley hopes to extend the lives of these works by making them available to future generations of statisticians, mathematicians, and scientists. "The book is a valuable completion of the literature in this field. It is written in an ambitious mathematical style and can be recommended to statisticians as well as biostatisticians." -Biometrische Zeitschrift "Not many books manage to combine convincingly topics from probability theory over mathematical statistics to applied statistics. This is one of them. The book has other strong points to recommend it: it is written with meticulous care, in a lucid style, general results being illustrated by examples from statistical theory and practice, and a bunch of exercises serve to further elucidate and elaborate on the text." -Mathematical Reviews "This book gives a thorough introduction to martingale and counting process methods in survival analysis thereby filling a gap in the literature." -Zentralblatt für Mathematik und ihre Grenzgebiete/Mathematics Abstracts "The authors have performed a valuable service to researchers in providing this material in [a] self-contained and accessible form. . . This text [is] essential reading for the probabilist or mathematical statistician working in the area of survival analysis." -Short Book Reviews, International Statistical Institute Counting Processes and Survival Analysis explores the martingale approach to the statistical analysis of counting processes, with an emphasis on the application of those methods to censored failure time data. This approach has proven remarkably successful in yielding results about statistical methods for many problems arising in censored data. A thorough treatment of the calculus of martingales as well as the most important applications of these methods to censored data is offered. Additionally, the book examines classical problems in asymptotic distribution theory for counting process methods and newer methods for graphical analysis and diagnostics of censored data. Exercises are included to provide practice in applying martingale methods and insight into the calculus itself.

The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data

The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data
Author: John D. Kalbfleisch
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 462
Release: 2011-01-25
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1118031237

Download The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Contains additional discussion and examples on left truncationas well as material on more general censoring and truncationpatterns. Introduces the martingale and counting process formulation swillbe in a new chapter. Develops multivariate failure time data in a separate chapterand extends the material on Markov and semi Markovformulations. Presents new examples and applications of data analysis.

Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates

Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 150
Release: 1994
Genre: Freshwater invertebrates
ISBN:

Download Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Sediment contamination is a widespread environmental problem that can potentially pose a threat to a variety of aquatic ecosystems. The sediment test methods in this manual will be used by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to make decisions under a range of statutory authorities concerning such issues as: dredged material disposal, registration of pesticides and toxic substances, superfound site assessment, and assessment and cleanup of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. The use of uniform sediment testing procedures by USEPA programs is expected to increase data accuracy and precision, facilitate test replication, increase the comparative value of test results, and ultimately, increase the efficiency of regulatory processes requiring sediment tests.