Structural Change And Income Differences
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| Author | : Saumik Paul |
| Publisher | : Brookings Institution Press |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2018-12-18 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 4899741006 |
Download Kuznets beyond Kuznets Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Simon Kuznets’ views about the inverted-U relationship between inequality and development and the process of structural transformation have long been under the lens of researchers. Over the last 20 years, immense potential for growth in Asia has been facilitated by structural transformation. However, it remains undecided whether the contribution of structural transformation will stay as a crucial factor in determining potential productivity growth and income distribution. This book brings together novel conceptual frameworks and empirical evidence from country case studies on topics related to structural transformation, globalization, and income inequality.
| Author | : Yasuyuki Osumi |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 169 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 981970930X |
Download Structural Change, Market Concentration, and Inequality Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
| Author | : Trevor Tombe |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 224 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9780494780534 |
Download Structural Change and Income Differences Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Economic growth and development is intimately related to the decline of agriculture's share of output and employment. This process of structural change has important implications for income and productivity differences between regions within a country or between countries themselves. Agriculture typically has low productivity relative to other sectors and this is particularly true in poor areas. So, as labour switches to nonagricultural activities or as agricultural productivity increases, poor agriculturally-intensive areas will benefit the most. In this thesis, I contribute to a recent and growing line of research and incorporate a separate role for agriculture, both into modeling frameworks and data analysis, to examine income and productivity differences.I first demonstrate that restrictions on trade in agricultural goods, which support inefficient domestic producers, inhibit structural change and lower productivity in poor countries. To do this, I incorporate multiple sectors, non-homothetic preferences, and labour mobility costs into an Eaton-Kortum trade model. With the model, I estimate productivity from trade data (avoiding problematic data for poor countries that typical estimates require) and perform a variety of counterfactual exercises. I find import barriers and labour mobility costs account for one-third of the aggregate labour productivity gap between rich and poor countries and for nearly half the gap in agriculture. Second, moving away from international income differences, I use a general equilibrium model of structural transformation to show a large labour migration cost between regions of the US magnifies the impact improved labour markets have on regional convergence. Finally, I estimate the influence of structural change on convergence between Canadian regions. I construct a unique dataset of census-division level wage and employment levels in both agriculture and nonagriculture between 1901 and 1981. I find convergence is primarily due to region-specific factors with structural change playing little role.
| Author | : Armida Salsiah Alisjahbana |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 327 |
| Release | : 2023-02-09 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0192667564 |
Download The Developer's Dilemma Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Developing countries seek economic development which is broad-based or inclusive in the sense that it raises the income of all, especially the poor. Yet this is at odds with Simon Kuznets' hypothesis that economic development tends to put upward pressure on income inequality, at least initially and in the absence of countervailing policies. The Developer's Dilemma explores this 'Kuznetsian tension' between structural transformation and income inequality. The book asks: what are the varieties of structural transformation that have been experienced in developing countries? What inequality dynamics are associated with each variety of structural transformation? And what policies have been utilized to manage trade-offs between structural transformation, income inequality, and inclusive growth? Across nine country cases written by academics across the Global South, this book answers these questions using a comparative case study approach with a common analytical framework and a set of common datasets. The intended intellectual contribution of the book is to provide a comparative analysis of the relationship between structural transformation, income inequality, and inclusive growth; to do so empirically at a regional and national level, and to draw conclusions about the varieties of structural transformation, their inequality dynamics, and the policies that have been employed to mediate the developer's dilemma.
| Author | : Kwang Suk Kim |
| Publisher | : BRILL |
| Total Pages | : 224 |
| Release | : 2020-03-17 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 1684172195 |
Download Growth and Structural Transformation Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This study provides a comprehensive overview of Korea’s macroeconomic growth and structural change since World War II, and traces some of the roots of development to the colonial period. The authors explore in detail colonial development, changing national income patterns, relative price shifts, sources of aggregate growth, and sources of sectoral structural change, comparing them with other countries.
| Author | : Joanna Tyrowicz |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 35 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : Income distribution |
| ISBN | : |
Download Wage Inequality and Structural Change Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Income inequality in the context of large structural change has received a lot of attention in the literature, but most studies relied on household post-transfer inequality measures. This study utilizes a novel and fairly comprehensive collection of micro data sets from between 1980?s and 2010 for both advanced market economies and economies undergoing transition from central planning to market based system. We show that wage inequality was initially lower in transition economies and immediately upon the change of the economic system surpassed the levels observed in advanced economies. We find a very weak link between structural change and wages in both advanced and post-transition economies, despite the predictions from skill-biased technological change literature. The decomposition of changes in wage inequality into a part attributable to changes in characteristics (mainly education) and a part attributable to changes in rewards does not yield any leading factors.
| Author | : Isra Sarntisart |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 56 |
| Release | : 2000 |
| Genre | : Agriculture |
| ISBN | : |
Download Growth, Structural Change and Inequality Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
| Author | : J.H. Bergstrand |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 413 |
| Release | : 2015-06-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1483296261 |
Download The Changing Distribution of Income in an Open U.S. Economy Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
There have been dramatic changes in the distribution of earnings and income in the United States during recent years. This volume presents original papers, contributed by eminent economists, on the measurement and causes of growing income inequality in the U.S. and other major industrialized countries. The first part examines the definition of income, decomposition of earnings into capacity and capacity utilization rates, and alternative methodologies for estimating income and earnings dispersion. The second part investigates theoretically or empirically alternative causes of income inequality: international trade, macroeconomic conditions and policies, technological progress, productivity growth, institutions, demographic labor supply, and sectoral labor demand. In the final part of the volume policy implications and recommendations are discussed. The volume will be valuable for academic departments (economics, political science, sociology); economic policy institutes and Federal Reserve Bank research departments; economists in government.
| Author | : Mr.Santiago Acosta Ormaechea |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 46 |
| Release | : 2017-06-30 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484306988 |
Download Fiscal Reforms, Long-term Growth and Income Inequality Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
We estimate the effects on growth of nine fiscal reform episodes in seven high-income countries using the Synthetic Control Method. These episodes are selected using an indicator-based approach applied to the evaluation of growth-friendly fiscal reforms during 1975-2010. We find that in reform countries the annual growth rate of real GDP was on average about 1 percentage point above their synthetic units 10 years after each respective reform. Moreover, countries which were initially less developed seemed to experience a larger growth impact after their reforms. Results are broadly robust to controlling for structural reforms on business regulation, financial market, labor market, and legal and product markets, which may also affect growth. Our findings also suggest that inequality is not affected by the growth-friendly fiscal reforms analyzed in this paper.
| Author | : Maurizio Bussolo |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 33 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : China |
| ISBN | : |
Download Global growth and distribution Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Abstract: Over the past 20 years, aggregate measures of global inequality have changed little even if significant structural changes have been observed. High growth rates of China and India lifted millions out of poverty, while the stagnation in many African countries caused them to fall behind. Using the World Bank's LINKAGE global general equilibrium model and the newly developed Global Income Distribution Dynamics (GIDD) tool, this paper assesses the distribution and poverty effects of a scenario where these trends continue in the future. Even by anticipating a deceleration, growth in China and India is a key force behind the expected convergence of per-capita incomes at the global level. Millions of Chinese and Indian consumers will enter into a rapidly emerging global middle class-a group of people who can afford, and demand access to, the standards of living previously reserved mainly for the residents of developed countries. Notwithstanding these positive developments, fast growth is often characterized by high urbanization and growing demand for skills, both of which result in widening of income distribution within countries. These opposing distributional effects highlight the importance of analyzing global disparities by taking into account - as the GIDD does - income dynamics between and within countries.
