Strategy of South Sudan’s Nation building. Analysis of the Role of China in the State Building of South Sudan

Strategy of South Sudan’s Nation building. Analysis of the Role of China in the State Building of South Sudan
Author: Thon Samuel M. Bol
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 88
Release: 2024-08-28
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 3389063137
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Master's Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Politics - Topic: International relations, Peking University (Yenching Instute), course: International Relations, language: English, abstract: The aim of this study is to give an outline and analyzing the importance to South Sudan’s state-building strategies and highlight an objective to the political process. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA,) 2005 is a landscape tribute and epicene for a journey of the Republic of the South For now, Sudan and prehistoric accords strategy and vividly landmark for the regions. The historical landmark borne a banner of a country. The state is a geographical sovereignty and political entity; with the permanent population, border and the capacity to enter relations with other states’ social institutions claiming the monopoly of legitimacy uses of force within a given territory (Max Weber, 1919). South Sudan is politically independent and the bearer of the South Sudanese. The government of South Sudan reflects all the war tragedies on a building monuments with ‘’question’’ of State-building a schemes reality and pivotal episode of discussion everywhere. On top of government policies; ‘State building is to overcome fragility and deter state failure’ ‘will South Sudan effectively embrace readiness to achieve the desirable goals’? Even though, significant values played to elevate South Sudan’s rebuilding plans’ strategy, and substantively. This is the main research question! The research is divided into five chapters.

Leadership, Nation-building and War in South Sudan

Leadership, Nation-building and War in South Sudan
Author: Sonja Theron
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 217
Release: 2022-06-02
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0755622154
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For over fifty years, the people of South Sudan fought for the right to be citizens of an independent nation-state. When this goal was finally achieved, however, it quickly became evident that the South Sudanese nation was not nearly as cohesive as hoped. The result has been a catastrophic civil war. Spanning South Sudan's nation-building struggle from its inception up until the current civil war, this book challenges the notion that the continued violence of this process can be reduced to either identity difference or the fault of individual leaders. Rather, it uses the leadership process to understand the complex progressions and relationships that have characterised South Sudan's nation-building trajectory. The book argues that the core driving force behind the current conflict in South Sudan can be found not in ethnicity, the “resource curse” or power struggle, but in a set of destructive relationships that have fueled violence and oppression in the country for the better part of a century. This cyclical leadership process has entrapped the country in an increasingly destructive and contradictory nation-building process that continues to spiral and disintegrate.

Leadership, Nation-building and War in South Sudan

Leadership, Nation-building and War in South Sudan
Author: Sonja Theron
Publisher:
Total Pages: 224
Release:
Genre: Electronic books
ISBN: 9780755622177
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"For over fifty years, the people of South Sudan fought for the right to be citizens of an independent nation-state. When this goal was finally achieved, however, it quickly became evident that the South Sudanese nation was not nearly as cohesive as hoped. The result has been a catastrophic civil war. Spanning South Sudan's nation-building struggle from its inception up until the current civil war, this book challenges the notion that the continued violence of this process can be reduced to either identity difference or the fault of individual leaders. Rather, it uses the leadership process to understand the complex progressions and relationships that have characterised South Sudan's nation-building trajectory. The book argues that the core driving force behind the current conflict in South Sudan can be found not in ethnicity, the "resource curse" or power struggle, but in a set of destructive relationships that have fueled violence and oppression in the country for the better part of a century. This cyclical leadership process has entrapped the country in an increasingly destructive and contradictory nation-building process that continues to spiral and disintegrate"--

China in South Sudan

China in South Sudan
Author: Dorina Marlen Heller
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 31
Release: 2020-01-27
Genre: Foreign Language Study
ISBN: 3346103846
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Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Orientalism / Sinology - Chinese / China, grade: 1.7, University of Heidelberg (Institut für Sinologie), course: Chinesische Außenpolitik (1918-2018), language: English, abstract: In this paper, China’s history of evolving involvement in Sudan and South Sudan and its role as a stakeholder throughout periods of conflict and civil war will be explored. China’s foreign policy actions in South Sudan, its motivations and limitations will also be analysed. In conclusion, it will be attempted to situate the case of South Sudan in China’s wider foreign policy. China’s engagement in Africa is often harshly criticised by Western media and seen as exploitative and neo-colonialist. Undoubtedly the impact of Chinese involvement in Africa has been both positive (investments in infrastructure, new jobs, economic growth) and negative (legitimising autocratic regimes, monopolisation of resources, unequal partnerships). South Sudan is a particularly interesting case study because it has been used as a “testing ground for China’s proactive diplomacy”. South Sudan is simultaneously the world’s youngest and most fragile state. Most Western countries consider Sudan and by extension South Sudan to be – “an aid recipient, an abuser of human rights, and a former colony of Egypt and Great Britain.”. However South Sudan is rich in terms of its oil reserves. This has both been a blessing and a curse for the young nation: On the one hand almost all of the country’s revenues stem from oil production, on the other hand it meant that South Sudan invested disproportionally in the securement of its oil resources, but not in education, public health or infrastructure. This in turn has led to an unparalleled dependence on oil: “There is no oil-exporting country in the world so dependent on this one commodity for its revenue” (Medani 2013:28). Oil is also what originally brought China to Sudan and then South Sudan. The economical dimension can’t be separated from the political here, in South Sudan we find a “striking coexistence of actual political and aspirational economic relations” (Large 2014:41). This interwovenness of political and economic interests has proven to be an increasing challenge for China’s traditional policy of non-interference (bùgānshè zhèngcè不干涉政策). In the last few years “South Sudan has been the site of an evolving, experimental and more proactive Chinese political and security engagement.”.

Understanding Peaceful and Violent Nation-building Through Leadership : a Case Study of South Sudan

Understanding Peaceful and Violent Nation-building Through Leadership : a Case Study of South Sudan
Author: Sonja Theron
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2018
Genre:
ISBN:
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Peace-building has reached a cross-roads. The high instance of conflict relapse in aÌ22́Ơ¿3post-conflictaÌ22́Ơ℗+ societies has stimulated an examination of dominant peace-building thinking and practice. This research contributes to this thinking by examining nation-building in societies plagued by identity-related conflicts, specifically in South Sudan. It does so using the leadership process approach. The question driving this enquiry is to discover whether the leadership process approach can shed light on why South Sudan failed to build a nation that sustains peace. By using the leadership process approach, this study contributes to a better understanding of nation-building and how it contributes to both conflict and peace processes, allowing for a greater understanding of the relationship between nation-building and peace-building and why dominant state-building approaches to peace-building are incomplete. Using existing literature, the thesis provides a cohesive conceptual framework of the nation combining five elements: a national identity, link to a territory, a claim to political organisation and self-government, collective will and collective responsibility. This provides the key themes and indicators which are examined using the leadership process approach. The leadership process approach, which conceptualises leadership as a relationship between leaders, followers and situations, provides the analytical tools that are used to explain the emergence of the five elements of the conceptual framework of the nation. These tools include an examination of the leader-follower relationship based on mutuality and the exchange of influence, situational leadership and the sources of power. This framework is used to understand South Sudan. A case study approach is used to ensure a full examination of the relationship between nation-building and peace-building using the leadership process. Multiple forms of data collection were used including documentary analysis, a literature review and interviews. This data is analysed using the process tracing approach. The analysis includes South SudanaÌ22́Ơ4́Øs early history through to the signing of the most recent peace agreement in 2015. South SudanaÌ22́Ơ4́Øs early history of conquest and colonisation, the first Sudanese civil war, the second Sudanese civil war and the current South Sudanese civil war are all explored in depth. The study finds that the leadership process approach allows for a more nuanced and holistic understanding of the South Sudanese conflict specifically and nation-building in general. It shows that peace-building failed in South Sudan because of the conflict-reinforcing nature of the nation-building and leadership processes that have been replicated at national, regional and local levels. It concludes with several lessons learned for both nation-building and peace-building.

State-building South Sudan

State-building South Sudan
Author: Sara de Simone
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 229
Release: 2022-04-04
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9004511903
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The rise and fall of the Southern Sudanese state explained through an in-depth and empirically grounded analysis of the intersection between externally supported state-building projects and the historical process of endogenous state formation.

The Challenge of Governance in South Sudan

The Challenge of Governance in South Sudan
Author: Steven C Roach
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2018-09-13
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1351656643
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South Sudan is one of the world’s most divided and unstable countries. Since achieving statehood in 2011, the country has plunged into civil war (2013-15) and become the scene of some of the worst human rights abuses on the African continent. Despite ongoing political turmoil, states and international institutions have pledged enormous resources to stabilize the country and shore up the current peace process, but have had limited influence in dealing with the effects of rampant corruption and factionalism. The Challenge of Governance in South Sudan examines the factors that continue to haunt peace-building efforts, including the domination of the SPLM/A, factionalization, corruption, human rights atrocities, an ineffective constitution, and the role of international actors. It brings together a diverse set of leading scholars to reflect on these factors and propose ways of promoting peace and stability in South Sudan. In particular, the book asks whether the disparity between domestic priorities/policies and foreign intervention strategies has prevented the peace process from moving forward. The contributors probe this issue by addressing the flaws of past peace agreements, poor governance, a weakly articulated peacekeeping mission, US foreign policy, and a lack of moral accountability. This book is perfect for students, scholars and policy makers with an interest in the challenges faced by the world’s newest country.

War and Statehood in South Sudan

War and Statehood in South Sudan
Author: Manfred Öhm
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 407
Release: 2015-03-26
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1474243215
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This study provides empirically based insights into the relationship between war, statehood and peaceful conflict resolution during the second Sudanese civil war and following the independence of South Sudan 2011. Several influencing factors have been identified: the dynamics of political and ethnic conflict; the authoritarian character of the former rebel movement (SPLM); the role of the church and of traditional leaders in local peace processes; and how the enormous presence of international aid organizations has affected both war and statehood. The empirical findings suggest that South Sudan is not an example of state failure, but rather part of a broader process of state formation. As such, this collection argues that state-building is indeed possible during war. The analysis of the independent South Sudan post-2011 illustrates that the country is still struck by strong political and ethnic conflicts and continued violence. This is a book that is relevant and full of insights for social scientists and practitioners of development co-operation.

Sudan Looks East

Sudan Looks East
Author: Daniel Large
Publisher: Boydell & Brewer Ltd
Total Pages: 218
Release: 2011
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1847010377
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Places Sudan's oil industry (examined here in macro, micro and political terms), its economy, external relations and changing politics under the impact of the Darfur conflict and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, in the wider context of the expansion of Asia's global economic strength. By successfully turning to China, Malaysia and India from the mid-1990s, amidst civil war and political isolation, Khartoum's 'Look East' policy transformed Sudan's economy and foreign relations. Sudan, in turn, has been a key theatre of Chinese, Indian and Malaysian overseas energy investment. What began as economic engagements born of pragmatic necessity later became politicized within Sudan and without, resulting in global attention. Despite its importance, widespread sustained interest and continuing political controversy, there is no single volume publication examining the rise and nature of Chinese, Malaysian and Indian interests in Sudan, their economic and political consequences, and role in Sudan's foreign relations. Addressing this gap, this book provides a groundbreaking analysis of Sudan's 'Look East' policy. It offers the first substantive treatment of a subject of fundamental significancewithin Sudan that, additionally, has become a globally prominent dimension of its changing international politics. Daniel Large is research director of the Africa Asia Centre, Royal African Society at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, and founding director of the Rift Valley Institute's digital Sudan Open Archive. Luke A. Patey is a Research Fellow at the Danish Institute for International Studies.

South Sudan's Fateful Struggle

South Sudan's Fateful Struggle
Author: Steven C. Roach
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 265
Release: 2023-09-22
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0190057866
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The Comprehensive Peace Agreement marked the end of Sudan's second civil war between the North and South. But in creating an autonomous southern region and a pathway toward statehood, it failed to resolve the effects of rebel factionalism, party infighting, and corruption in the South. In South Sudan's Fateful Struggle, Steven C. Roach analyzes these persistent effects of the South-South war, showing how they disrupted the transition to statehood and divided the transitional government of national unity in South Sudan. Throughout, he stresses the centrality of elite mismanagement and the durable dynamics of war which have shaped the country's troubled political destiny. The government, plagued by patronage-fueled corruption and patrimonialism, continues to rely on the threat of violence to govern the country and to delay the transition to a new government of national unity. Roach argues that in naturally sowing division and distrust, government elites must ultimately learn to engage civil society to achieve long-term peace, accountability, and justice. Along with providing an overview of the country's trajectory in this century, Roach traces its state of war to colonial times and uses the notion of militarized patronage to describe the distinct nature of South Sudan's patronage networks. He shows how the Sudan People's Liberation Movement came to dominate the country's affairs to become a powerful deterrent to democracy, security, justice, and national unity. He then discusses the promising efforts by civil society actors to advance hybrid justice by pressuring the government to implement a truth commission, a war crimes court, and reparations commission. Comprehensive in scope, the book represents the first systematic examination of South Sudan's quandary both before and after its civil war.