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| Author | : Michael Edward Miller |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 248 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Michael Edward Miller |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Electronic dissertations |
| ISBN | : |
Static headspace sampling was studied to: (1) minimize the effect of a soil's matrix on the analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes from soils, (2) determine the Henry's law coefficients for various fuel components, (3) compare gas-sampled and solid phase microextraction (SPME)-sampled static headspace, and (4) successfully couple static headspace sampling to high-speed GC. The effects of various matrix modifiers were studied in addition to alternative techniques such as the full evaporation technique, to determine an effective way to eliminate the effect of the matrix on analyte recovery. The full evaporation technique used very high temperatures to force the analytes of interest into the gaseous phase. Using these high temperatures and no matrix modifying solution provided an analysis free of matrix effects. Henry's Law coefficients were determined for several compounds found in reformulated gasolines. This new method relies only on the knowledge of the phase ratio defined by the experimental apparatus. The value obtained for MTBE using the method was in excellent agreement with other literature values, specifically 1.7 M/atm. Other compounds studied included: ETBE, TAME, DIPE, benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene. The comparison of gas-sampled and SPME-sampled static headspace methods when applied to GC-MS analyses was examined for the effectiveness of transferring of volatile components of several juices from sample vial to chromatograph. The results of this study showed the SPME fiber to be approximately 1400 time more effective, owing to the ability of the fiber to concentrate the analytes and transfer them without the need to inject large volumes of inert gas into the instrument. Finally, the coupling of static headspace to high-speed GC allowed the reduction of the analysis time reported in the SPME study by a factor of approximately twenty times, from 75 to just 4 minutes. The sampling system designed used batch equilibration of many samples to enhance the speed of analysis, in conjunction with a sample collection method that used a trapping column to collect the sample which is rapidly transferred from the sample vial to the instrument by a stream of nitrogen.
| Author | : Bruno Kolb |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 386 |
| Release | : 2006-05-05 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0471749443 |
STATIC HEADSPACE-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY THE ONLY REFERENCE TO PROVIDE BOTH CURRENT AND THOROUGH COVERAGE OF THIS IMPORTANT ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Static headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC) is an indispensable technique for analyzing volatile organic compounds, enabling the analyst to assay a variety of sample matrices while avoiding the costly and time-consuming preparation involved with traditional GC. Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography: Theory and Practice has long been the only reference to provide in-depth coverage of this method of analysis. The Second Edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect the most recent developments and practices, and also includes coverage of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and the purge-and-trap technique. Chapters cover: Principles of static and dynamic headspace analysis, including the evolution of HS-GC methods and regulatory methods using static HS-GC Basic theory of headspace analysis—physicochemical relationships, sensitivity, and the principles of multiple headspace extraction HS-GC techniques—vials, cleaning, caps, sample volume, enrichment, and cryogenic techniques Sample handling Cryogenic HS-GC Method development in HS-GC Nonequilibrium static headspace analysis Determination of physicochemical functions such as vapor pressures, activity coefficients, and more Comprehensive and focused, Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography, Second Edition provides an excellent resource to help the reader achieve optimal chromatographic results. Practical examples with original data help readers to master determinations in a wide variety of areas, such as forensic, environmental, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
| Author | : Bruno Kolb |
| Publisher | : Wiley-VCH |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1997-06-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780471192381 |
Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography Theory and Practice Bruno Kolb * Leslie S. Ettre Static (equilibrium) headspace-gas chromatography (static HS-GC) offers a reliable, simple, and accurate way to quantitate volatile compounds in liquid and solid matrices. The technique is being used in increasingly more analytical laboratories in a variety of industries because it enables high sample turnaround, automated high-performance GC analysis, and automated and unattended sample clean-up by gas extraction, while avoiding laborious sample preparation. Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography provides the most thorough and current treatment available on this technique. The book covers the theory of headspace sampling as related to selection of the operational parameters, describes quantitative calibration techniques, and presents, and presents detailed methods, all adapted for automation. It includes many examples of proven practical applications-complete with original data-from the most important applications of static HS-GC in environmental analysis, polymers, packaging, pharmaceuticals, and food analysis.
| Author | : Diane C Turner |
| Publisher | : Royal Society of Chemistry |
| Total Pages | : 340 |
| Release | : 2019-11-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1782629289 |
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful way to analyse a range of substances. It is used in everything from food safety to medicine. It has even been used to protect endangered vultures through analysis of poisonous pesticide molecules in their environment! I want to apply this technique, where do I begin? Is GC-MS is the right technique to use? How do I prepare my samples and calibrate the instruments? This textbook has the answers to all these questions and more. Throughout the book, case studies illustrate the practical process, the techniques used and any common challenges. Newcomers can easily search for answers to their question and find clear advice with coloured images on how to get started and all subsequent steps involved in using GC-MS as part of a research process. Readers will find information on collecting and preparing samples, designing and validating methods, analysing results, and troubleshooting. Examples of pollutant, food, oil and fragrance analysis bring the theory to life. The authors use their extensive experience teaching GC-MS theory and practice and draw on their combined backgrounds applying the technique in academic and industry settings to bring this practical reference together. The authors also design and teach the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Pan Africa Chemistry Network GC-MS course, which is supported by GSK.
| Author | : Peter Q Tranchida |
| Publisher | : Royal Society of Chemistry |
| Total Pages | : 492 |
| Release | : 2019-10-30 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1788011279 |
Gas chromatography is widely used in applications involving food analysis. Typical applications pertain to the quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of food composition, natural products, food additives, and flavour and aroma components. Providing an up-to-date look at the significant advances in the technology, this book includes details on novel sample preparation processes; conventional, high-speed multidimensional gas chromatography systems, including preparative instrumentation; gas chromatography–olfactometry principles; and, finally, chemometrics principles and applications in food analysis. Aimed at providing the food researcher or analyst with detailed analytical information related to advanced gas chromatography technologies, this book is suitable for professionals and postgraduate students learning about the technique in the food industry and research.
| Author | : Goran Odham |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 452 |
| Release | : 2013-11-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 146844526X |
During recent years there has been increasing interest in the value of a number of chemical and physical-chemical analytical methods for the detection and characterization of microorganisms. Furthermore, such methods are currently used in studies on microbial metabolic processes, on the role of microorganisms in the turnover of inorganic and organic compounds, and on the impact on environmental changes by microbial activity. Moreover, the introduction of some of these methods not only shortens the analytical time period compared to ·'traditional" techniques, but also improves the analytical quality. Mass spectrometry (MS) combined with chromatographic inlet systems, particularly gas chromatography (GC), belongs to those methods which during recent years have established their value for the above-mentioned purposes. The present volume starts with basic chapters on the principles for MS and common inlet systems, particulary Gc. It discusses applications of these techniques to a number of microbiological disciplines, e.g., ecologi cal and medical microbiology. Emphasis is laid on organic compound classes vii viii / PREFACE of special relevance to microbiology, e.g., volatiles, lipids, amino acids, peptides and carbohydrates. Some compound classes of a more general biochemical rather than specific microbiological importance, e.g., steroids and nucleotides, are dealt with briefly. The editors wish to thank all those who have contributed to this book. We hope it will stimulate further research in this futuristic field and will be of practical value.
| Author | : O. David Sparkman |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 633 |
| Release | : 2011-05-17 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080920152 |
The second edition of Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry: A Practical Guide follows the highly successful first edition by F.G. Kitson, B.S. Larsen, and C.N. McEwen (1996), which was designed as an indispensible resource for GC/MS practitioners regardless of whether they are a novice or well experienced. The Fundamentals section has been extensively reworked from the original edition to give more depth of an understanding of the techniques and science involved with GC/MS. Even with this expansion, the original brevity and simple didactic style has been retained. Information on chromatographic peak deconvolution has been added along with a more in-depth understanding of the use of mass spectral databases in the identification of unknowns. Since the last edition, a number of advances in GC inlet systems and sample introduction techniques have occurred, and they are included in the new edition. Other updates include a discussion on fast GC and options for combining GC detectors with mass spectrometry. The section regarding GC Conditions, Derivatization, and Mass Spectral Interpretation of Specific Compound Types has the same number of compound types as the original edition, but the information in each section has been expanded to not only explain some of the spectra but to also explain why certain fragmentations take place. The number of Appendices has been increased from 12 to 17. The Appendix on Atomic Masses and Isotope Abundances has been expanded to provide tools to aid in determination of elemental composition from isotope peak intensity ratios. An appendix with examples on "Steps to follow in the determination of elemental compositions based on isotope peak intensities" has been added. Appendices on whether to use GC/MS or LC/MS, third-party software for use in data analysis, list of information required in reporting GC/MS data, X+1 and X+2 peak relative intensities based on the number of atoms of carbon in an ion, and list of available EI mass spectral databases have been added. Others such as the ones on derivatization, isotope peak patterns for ions with Cl and/or Br, terms used in GC and in mass spectrometry, and tips on setting up, maintaining and troubleshooting a GC/MS system have all been expanded and updated. Covers the practical instruction necessary for successful operation of GC/MS equipment Reviews the latest advances in instrumentation, ionization methods, and quantitation Includes troubleshooting techniques and a variety of additional information useful for the GC/MS practitioner A true benchtop reference A guide to a basic understanding of the components of a Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) Quick References to data interpretation Ready source for information on new analyses
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 1846 |
| Release | : 2001 |
| Genre | : Chemistry |
| ISBN | : |
Faculties, publications and doctoral theses in departments or divisions of chemistry, chemical engineering, biochemistry and pharmaceutical and/or medicinal chemistry at universities in the United States and Canada.
| Author | : Wilfried M.A. Niessen |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 530 |
| Release | : 2001-04-04 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781420029512 |
This volume details the principles and instrumentation of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS), and outlines industrial, environmental, pharmaceutical, clinical, toxicological, forensic and food-related applications, revealing findings from the laboratories of 40 contributing scientists around the world using GC-MS in practice. It describes upstream and downstream applications of GC-MS in the petroleum industry and identifies chlorinated compounds in the environment with quadrupole ion-trap technology and high-resolution sector instruments.
