Soldiers, Politicians, and Civilians

Soldiers, Politicians, and Civilians
Author: David Pion-Berlin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 417
Release: 2017-07-29
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1108364179

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Are interactions between soldiers, politicians, and civilians improving? Every nation has to come to grips with achieving a more enduring harmony between government, the armed forces, and society if it aspires to strengthen its democracy. While there is an abundance of studies on civil-military affairs, few examine all three of these actors, let alone establish any standards with which to assess whether progress is being made. This ambitious book devises a novel framework equipped with six dimensions, each of which opens a unique window into civil-military affairs, and which form a more integrated view of the subject. Those dimensions are accompanied by a set of benchmarks and metrics that assess progress and compare one country against another. The framework is applied to case studies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, with the conviction that insights could be gleaned that may be relevant elsewhere. Ultimately, by unpacking the civil-military relation into its various dimensions, this study has shed light on what it takes to transform what was once a politically-minded military into an organization dedicated to serving a democratic state and society.

Our Army

Our Army
Author: Jason K. Dempsey
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 287
Release: 2009-12-07
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1400832179

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Conventional wisdom holds that the American military is overwhelmingly conservative and Republican, and extremely political. Our Army paints a more complex picture, demonstrating that while army officers are likely to be more conservative, rank-and-file soldiers hold political views that mirror those of the American public as a whole, and army personnel are less partisan and politically engaged than most civilians. Assumptions about political attitudes in the U.S. Army are based largely on studies focusing on the senior ranks, yet these senior officers comprise only about 6 percent of America's fighting force. Jason Dempsey provides the first random-sample survey that also covers the social and political attitudes held by enlisted men and women in the army. Uniting these findings with those from another unique survey he conducted among cadets at the United States Military Academy on the eve of the 2004 presidential election, Dempsey offers the most detailed look yet at how service members of all ranks approach politics. He shows that many West Point cadets view political conservatism as part of being an officer, raising important questions about how the army indoctrinates officers politically. But Dempsey reveals that the rank-and-file army is not nearly as homogeneous as we think--or as politically active--and that political attitudes across the ranks are undergoing a substantial shift. Our Army adds needed nuance to our understanding of a profession that seems increasingly distant from the average American.

Warriors and Politicians

Warriors and Politicians
Author: Charles A. Stevenson
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 268
Release: 2006-07-13
Genre: History
ISBN: 1135988498

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The book argues that the U.S. military are in a triangular relationship with two civilian masters - the President and the Congress.

American Civil-Military Relations

American Civil-Military Relations
Author: Suzanne C. Nielsen
Publisher: JHU Press
Total Pages: 430
Release: 2009-10-05
Genre: History
ISBN: 0801892872

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politics, and national security policy.--John R. Ballard "On Point"

Warriors and Citizens

Warriors and Citizens
Author: Jim Mattis
Publisher: Hoover Press
Total Pages: 290
Release: 2016-08-01
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0817919368

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A diverse group of contributors offer different perspectives on whether or not the different experiences of our military and the broader society amounts to a "gap"—and if the American public is losing connection to its military. They analyze extensive polling information to identify those gaps between civilian and military attitudes on issues central to the military profession and the professionalism of our military, determine which if any of these gaps are problematic for sustaining the traditionally strong bonds between the American military and its broader public, analyze whether any problematic gaps are amenable to remediation by policy means, and assess potential solutions. The contributors also explore public disengagement and the effect of high levels of public support for the military combined with very low levels of trust in elected political leaders—both recurring themes in their research. And they reflect on whether American society is becoming so divorced from the requirements for success on the battlefield that not only will we fail to comprehend our military, but we also will be unwilling to endure a military so constituted to protect us. Contributors: Rosa Brooks, Matthew Colford,Thomas Donnelly, Peter Feaver, Jim Golby, Jim Hake, Tod Lindberg, Mackubin Thomas Owens, Cody Poplin, Nadia Schadlow, A. J. Sugarman, Lindsay Cohn Warrior, Benjamin Wittes

Who Guards the Guardians and How

Who Guards the Guardians and How
Author: Thomas C. Bruneau
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Total Pages: 337
Release: 2009-06-03
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 029278340X

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The continued spread of democracy into the twenty-first century has seen two-thirds of the almost two hundred independent countries of the world adopting this model. In these newer democracies, one of the biggest challenges has been to establish the proper balance between the civilian and military sectors. A fundamental question of power must be addressed—who guards the guardians and how? In this volume of essays, contributors associated with the Center for Civil-Military Relations in Monterey, California, offer firsthand observations about civil-military relations in a broad range of regions including Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe. Despite diversity among the consolidating democracies of the world, their civil-military problems and solutions are similar—soldiers and statesmen must achieve a deeper understanding of one another, and be motivated to interact in a mutually beneficial way. The unifying theme of this collection is the creation and development of the institutions whereby democratically elected civilians achieve and exercise power over those who hold a monopoly on the use of force within a society, while ensuring that the state has sufficient and qualified armed forces to defend itself against internal and external aggressors. Although these essays address a wide variety of institutions and situations, they each stress a necessity for balance between democratic civilian control and military effectiveness.

The Routledge Handbook of Civil-military Relations

The Routledge Handbook of Civil-military Relations
Author: Thomas C. Bruneau
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 402
Release: 2013
Genre: History
ISBN: 0415782732

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The Routledge Handbook of Civil-Military Relations not only fills this important lacuna, but offers an up-to-date comparative analysis which identifies three essential components in civil-military relations: (1) democratic civilian control; (2) operational effectiveness; and (3) the efficiency of the security institutions. This Handbook will be essential reading for students and practitioners in the fields of civil-military relations.

Supreme Command

Supreme Command
Author: Eliot A. Cohen
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Total Pages: 312
Release: 2012-04-17
Genre: History
ISBN: 074324222X

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“An excellent, vividly written” (The Washington Post) account of leadership in wartime that explores how four great democratic statesmen—Abraham Lincoln, Georges Clemenceau, Winston Churchill, and David Ben-Gurion—worked with the military leaders who served them during warfare. The relationship between military leaders and political leaders has always been a complicated one, especially in times of war. When the chips are down, who should run the show—the politicians or the generals? In Supreme Command, Eliot A. Cohen expertly argues that great statesmen do not turn their wars over to their generals, and then stay out of their way. Great statesmen make better generals of their generals. They question and drive their military men, and at key times they overrule their advice. The generals may think they know how to win, but the statesmen are the ones who see the big picture. Abraham Lincoln, Georges Clemenceau, Winston Churchill, and David Ben-Gurion led four very different kinds of democracy, under the most difficult circumstances imaginable. They came from four very different backgrounds—backwoods lawyer, dueling French doctor, rogue aristocrat, and impoverished Jewish socialist. Yet they faced similar challenges. Each exhibited mastery of detail and fascination with technology. All four were great learners, who studied war as if it were their own profession, and in many ways mastered it as well as did their generals. All found themselves locked in conflict with military men. All four triumphed. The powerful lessons of this “brilliant” (National Review) book will touch and inspire anyone who faces intense adversity and is the perfect gift for history buffs of all backgrounds.

Civil-Military Relations in Europe

Civil-Military Relations in Europe
Author: Hans Born
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 422
Release: 2006-09-27
Genre: History
ISBN: 1134172370

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This new book illustrates how democracy cannot develop or endure unless military and security forces are under the full control of democratic institutions and all the necessary safeguards, checks and balances are in place. The contributors show how contemporary European states manage the following issue: how does a society, primarily through its legitimate, democratically elected political leaders and their appointed officials, control the military, that same state institution that has been established for its protection and wields the monopoly of legitimate force? Twenty-eight case studies are selected from key countries: the Czech Republic, Germany, Georgia, France, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro, Switzerland and the Ukraine. The key subjects of these cases vary from corruption to military incompetence, disobedience towards civilian superiors, to unauthorized strikes and accidents. The focus is on the relationship between political, civilian and military actors while identifying problems and dangers that can emerge in those relations to the detriment of effective and legitimate democratic control. This is essential reading for students of civil-military relations, democratization, European politics and security studies in general.

Soldiers, Civilians, and Democracy

Soldiers, Civilians, and Democracy
Author: Felipe Agüero
Publisher:
Total Pages: 336
Release: 1995
Genre: History
ISBN:

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As one of the first countries to have successfully completed the transition from authoritarianism to stable democracy, Spain provides an excellent case study, with valuable lessons for many Latin American, southern European, and eastern European nations that are either making the transition from authoritarian to democratic rule or consolidating the transition in a stable regime. Focusing on Spain after Franco's death, Felipe Aguero identifies the important factors, phases, and negotiating points that contributed to Spain's success, including the monarch's intervention as head and symbol of the Spanish state. Aguero also explains precisely what civilian leaders did to keep the military in check while the process of stabilization took place. He than sets Spain in the larger context of democratization in Latin America and southern Europe, thereby further refining transition theory. This is an important book for political scientists and for sociologists who study democratization and European and Latin American politics.