SEX DIFFERENCES IN POSITIVE AFFECT AND SELF-ESTEEM IN RESPONSE TO SOCIAL EXCLUSION.

SEX DIFFERENCES IN POSITIVE AFFECT AND SELF-ESTEEM IN RESPONSE TO SOCIAL EXCLUSION.
Author: Ann Marie White
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:

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Aspects of personality have the potential to significantly affect health outcomes. Protective factors categorize such characteristics that may buffer an individuals risk of experience negative health outcomes in adverse situations, such as social exclusion. Positive affect and self-esteem are two protective factors that have additional implications for overall health and well-being. Positive affect refers to an individuals pleasant emotions (e.g., joy, excitement, happiness) in response to the environment. Self-esteem relates to an individuals perception and understandings of his/her value and worth. Both positive affect and self-esteem can be influenced by social exclusion and this relationship may be further influenced by sex. Research suggests that females are more emotionally reactive to their environments, especially in regard to highly valued social connections. Additionally, previous studies have determined that females typically have lower self-esteem, relative to men. To investigate sex differences in positive affect and self-esteem in response to social exclusion, the present study utilized data from the Social Interactions and Health (SIH) Study, a two-group, randomized controlled experiment. SIH used Cyberball to simulate social exclusion, which was the experimental condition. 120 college students, 80 in the exclusion condition and 40 in the inclusion (control) condition, participated in the study. It was hypothesized that females would exhibit greater decreases in both positive affect and self-esteem in response to social exclusion, relative to males. Although there were differences by sex and Cyberball condition in changes in positive affect and self-esteem levels, analyses indicated that no significant relationships were observed.

The Psychological Wealth of Nations

The Psychological Wealth of Nations
Author: Shigehiro Oishi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 261
Release: 2012-02-20
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1405192119

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The Psychological Wealth of Nations reviews the range of new scientific research related to individual and societal happiness. Presents a comprehensive review of happiness, from conceptual and measurement issues to an exploration of predictors and consequences of happiness Explores the psychology and economics of happiness and examines the correlations between societal wealth, productivity, and happiness in different countries Offers compelling insights into the ways individual happiness impacts the psychological wealth of overall society Features a highly interdisciplinary approach, with considerations of philosophy, sociology, economics, political sciences, as well as psychology

Implicit Motives

Implicit Motives
Author: Oliver Schultheiss
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 592
Release: 2010-02-18
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0199715041

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- How do unconscious motivational needs (i.e., implicit motives) influence physiological, cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses to incentives? - How can implicit motives be measured? - How are they shaped by culture, how do they influence political and societal processes? - Why are they often mismatched with the explicit beliefs people have about their motivational needs and what are the consequences of such mismatches? - How can we use knowledge about implicit motives in clinical, business, and school contexts to help people achieve their goals? These are some of the topics this comprehensive book presents in 18 clearly written chapters, contributed by leading authorities in the field. It represents a state-of-the-art reference for all researchers and practitioners interested in human motivation. Bringing together exciting new research on a central topic in human motivation, this volume is an important addition to the libraries of personality, social, and cognitive psychologists, affective and social neuroscientists, clinical psychologists, as well as graduate students in these fields and practitioners.

How Healthy Are We?

How Healthy Are We?
Author: Orville Gilbert Brim
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 716
Release: 2004-01-15
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780226074757

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Childhood, adolescence, even the "twilight years" have been extensively researched and documented. But the vast terrain known as midlife—the longest segment of the life course—has remained uncharted. How physically and psychologically healthy are Americans at midlife? And why do some experience greater well-being than others? The MacArthur Foundation addressed these questions head-on by funding a landmark study known as "Midlife in the U.S.," or MIDUS. For the first time in a single study, researchers were able to integrate epidemiological, sociological, and psychological assessments, as well as innovative new measures to evaluate how work and family life influence each other. How Healthy Are We? presents the key findings from the survey in three sections: physical health, quality of life and psychological well-being, and the contexts (family, work) of the midlife. The topics covered by almost forty scholars in a wide variety of fields are vast, including everything from how health and well-being vary with socioeconomic standing, gender, race, or region of the country to how middle-aged people differ from younger or older adults in their emotional experience and quality of life. This health—the study measures not only health-the absence of illness—but also reports on the presence of wellness in middle-aged Americans. The culmination of a decade and a half of research by leading scholars, How Healthy Are We? will dramatically alter the way we think about health in middle age and the factors that influence it. Researchers, policymakers, and others concerned about the quality of midlife in contemporary America will welcome its insights. * Having a good life means having good relationships with others to almost 70% of those surveyed. Less than 40% mentioned their careers. * Reports of disruptive daily stressors vary by age, with young adults and those in midlife experiencing more than those in later adulthood. * Men have higher assessments of their physical and mental health than woman until the age of 60.

Revisiting Gender

Revisiting Gender
Author:
Publisher: H. W. Wilson
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014
Genre: Educational equalization
ISBN: 9781619254336

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Examines the changing role of women and men in shaping American life in education, work, and public and private life. Coverage includes the status of girls and boys in public education; the most interesting stories on the dynamics of gender on the state and national level; the status of women and gender equality in the corporate realm; power of images; and the dynamics of home life.

The Oxford Handbook of Social Exclusion

The Oxford Handbook of Social Exclusion
Author: C. Nathan DeWall
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 331
Release: 2013-03-07
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 019539870X

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The Oxford Handbook of Social Exclusion offers the most comprehensive body of social exclusion research ever assembled, and addresses the fundamental questions on why people have a need to belong, why people exclude others, and how people respond to various forms of social exclusion.

Social Exclusion

Social Exclusion
Author: Paolo Riva
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2016-07-26
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 3319330330

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From ostracism on the playground to romantic rejection, bullying at work, and social disregard for the aged, individuals are at constant risk of experiencing instances of social exclusion, including ostracism, rejection, dehumanization, and discrimination. These phenomena have a powerful impact as testified by their immediate influence on people’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Social Exclusion: Psychological Approaches to Understanding and Reducing Its Impact investigates different psychological approaches, across multiple psychological subdisciplines, to understanding the causes and consequences of social exclusion and possible ways to reduce or buffer against its negative effects. The purpose of this volume is threefold. First, it lays the groundwork for the understanding of social exclusion research; reviewing the different instances of social exclusion in everyday life and methods to experimentally investigate them. Second, this volume brings together different psychological approaches to the topic of social exclusion. Leading scholars from around the world contribute perspectives from social psychology, social neuroscience, developmental psychology, educational psychology, work and organizational psychology, clinical psychology, and social gerontology to provide a comprehensive overview of social exclusion research in different psychological subdisciplines. Taken together, these chapters are conducive to the important development of new and more integrative research models on social exclusion. Finally, this volume discusses psychological strategies such as emotion regulation, psychological resources, and brain mechanisms that can reduce or buffer against the negative consequences of social exclusion. From school shootings to domestic violence, from cognitive impairment to suicide attempts, the negative impact of social exclusion has been widely documented. Thus, from an applied perspective, knowing potential ways to mitigate the negative effects of social exclusion can have a significant positive influence on people’s—and society’s—well-being. Overall, this book provides the reader with the knowledge to understand the impact of social exclusion and with tools to address it across many different contexts. Importantly, Social Exclusion: Psychological Approaches to Understanding and Reducing Its Impact aims to bridge the gap between the approaches of different psychological subdisciplines to this topic, working towards a comprehensive, integrative model of social exclusion.

Foundations of Social Cognition

Foundations of Social Cognition
Author: Galen V. Bodenhausen
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 311
Release: 2004-05-20
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1135637792

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A tribute to Robert S. Wyer, Jr.'s remarkable contributions to social psychology, Foundations of Social Cognition offers a compelling analysis of the underlying processes that have long been the focus of Bob Wyer's own research, including attention, perception, inference, and memory. Leading scholars provide an in-depth analysis of these processes as they pertain to one or more substantive areas, including attitudes, construct accessibility, impressions of persons and groups, the interplay between affect and cognition, motivated reasoning, and stereotypes. Each chapter reviews and synthesizes past scholarship with the assessment of current understanding and cutting-edge trends and issues. A "must have" for scholars, researchers, and advanced students in the fields of social and cognitive psychology, as well as those in related fields such as consumer, organizational, and political psychology, neuroscience, marketing, advertising, and communication.