Securitisation and European Natural Gas Policy

Securitisation and European Natural Gas Policy
Author: Andrew Judge
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2012
Genre:
ISBN:

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European energy policy is generally regarded as one of the most longstanding failures of the process of integration. However in recent years there has been an intensification of efforts to establish an internal market for gas and work towards a common energy policy. In parallel to these developments, concerns about energy security have reappeared on the political agenda after a long absence, partly due to rising oil prices, energy dependence and the recent disruptions of gas supplies from Russia. This expansion of EU energy policy activity in parallel to increased energy security concerns suggests a possible linkage between the two. The aim of this thesis is to examine this relationship through the perspective of securitisation theory, utilising but also extending the framework of the Copenhagen School. More specifically, it aims to analyse the process through which natural gas supplies in the European Union were securitised and explore its impact on the pace of European integration. Discourse analysis and process tracing, enriched with a set of elite-interviews are used to answer these questions. Two case-studies of energy security, concerning the internal market and the security of supply standards are explored in a comparative manner. The analysis demonstrates that while high levels of securitisation have had a negative impact on negotiations for the former, they have had a positive impact and have accelerated the europeanisation of the later.

EU Energy Security in the Gas Sector

EU Energy Security in the Gas Sector
Author: Filippos Proedrou
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 191
Release: 2016-04-22
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1317140311

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This book fills an important gap in the literature on energy security in the gas sector in the European Union. Whilst the emphasis is often on energy security in the oil sector, the gas sector has grown in importance in recent decades, with increasing liberalization raising critical questions for the security of gas supplies. The share of gas in Europe's energy mix is rising and the differences between the politics and economics of gas and oil supply are becoming more pronounced. The author sheds light on the state of EU energy security in the gas sector, its interdependence with external suppliers and the current gas strategy. He examines the role of energy companies, EU member-states and EU institutions, locates the main developments in the gas sector and focuses on the principal challenges posed by such fundamental changes. The author scrutinizes the EU's relations with its main gas supplier, Russia, as well as with alternative suppliers, elaborates on the key infrastructure projects on the table and their principal ramifications, and discusses the main policies that member-states pursue to achieve energy security as well as the EU's internal contradictions. The book concludes with policy recommendations, particularly in the light of tougher environmental regulation.

Security of Energy Supply in Europe

Security of Energy Supply in Europe
Author: Julian Barquin
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 327
Release: 2010-01-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1849806969

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In economic, technical and political terms, the security of energy supply is of the utmost importance for Europe. Alongside competition and sustainability, supply security represents a cornerstone of the EU s energy policy, and in times of rising geopolitical conflict plays an increasingly important role in its external relations. Within this context, the contributors analyse and explore the natural gas, nuclear, and hydrogen energy sectors, which will be of critical significance for the future of energy supplies in Europe. The book opens with an extensive exploration of the very definition of supply security and moves beyond sector-specific debates to highlight the political sensitivity surrounding energy security. The expert contributors apply a policy perspective, underpinned by theoretical discussion, to economic analysis in order to yield policy-relevant conclusions. They illustrate that the EU lacks a coherent transnational energy policy, that national energy policies fail to match EU goals and that, ultimately, sustainable energy policies, more competition, and better regulation will improve global welfare. Academics and EU policymakers both at national and international levels will find that the topical policy recommendations, extensive overview of supply security, and detailed perspectives on the natural gas, nuclear and hydrogen sectors presented herewith constitute an invaluable reference and research tool.

EU Gas Security Architecture

EU Gas Security Architecture
Author: Elina Brutschin
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 117
Release: 2017-01-23
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1137511508

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This study traces the activities of the European Commission in the natural gas sector from 1990 to 2016, by concentrating on market liberalisation and infrastructure development as the main pillars of the European gas security architecture. By building on previous literature, the Commission's policymaking is analysed along its formal and informal powers in different energy security environments. In order to get a better understanding of the European energy market context, the reader is introduced into the historical development of the European energy policy in Chapter 2 and the literature on the European Union policymaking in Chapter 3. The analysis of the Commission's activities in the liberalisation (Chapter 4) and infrastructure (Chapter 5) sectors suggests that the Commission was able to effectively utilise networked governance during times when the demand for coordinated energy policies was low. This book will be of particular interest to those in the field of energy policies as well as EU policymaking.

Energy Security in Europe

Energy Security in Europe
Author: Kacper Szulecki
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 355
Release: 2017-10-13
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 3319649647

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This edited collection highlights the different meanings that have been attached to the notion of energy security and how it is taken to refer to different objects. Official policy definitions of energy security are broadly similar across countries and emphasize the reliability and affordability of access to sufficient energy resources for a community to uphold its normal economic and social functions. However, perceptions of energy security vary between states causing different actions to be taken, both in international relations and in domestic politics. Energy Security in Europe moves the policy debates on energy security beyond a consideration of its seemingly objective nature. It also provides a series of contributions that shed light on the conditions under which similar material factors are met with very different energy security policies and divergent discourses across Europe. Furthermore, it problematizes established notions prevalent in energy security studies, such as whether energy security is ‘geopolitical’, and an element of high politics, or purely ‘economic’, and should be left for the markets to regulate. This book will be of particular relevance to students and academics in the fields of energy studies and political science seeking to understand the divergence in perspectives and understandings of energy security challenges between EU member states and in multilateral relationships between the EU as a whole.

Energy Security and Natural Gas Markets in Europe

Energy Security and Natural Gas Markets in Europe
Author: Tim Boersma
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 172
Release: 2015-08-27
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1317636635

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Moving beyond most conventional thinking about energy security in Europe which revolves around stability of supplies and the reliability of suppliers, this book presents the history of European policy-making regarding energy resources, including recent controversies about shale gas and fracking. Using the United States as a benchmark, the author tests the hypothesis that EU energy security is at risk primarily because of a lack of market integration and cooperation between member states. This lack of integration still prohibits natural gas to flow freely throughout the continent, which makes parts of Europe vulnerable in case of supply disruptions. The book demonstrates that the EU gas market has been developing at different speeds, leaving the Northwest of the continent reasonably well integrated, with sufficient trade and liquidity and different supplies, whereas other parts are less developed. In these parts of Europe there is a structural lack of investments in infrastructure, interconnectors, reverse flow options and storage facilities. Thus, even though substantial progress has been made in parts of the EU, single source dependency often prevails, leaving the relevant member states vulnerable to market power abuse. Detailed comparisons are made of the situations in the Netherlands and Poland, and of energy policy in the USA. The book dismantles some of the existing assumptions about the concept of energy security, and touches upon the level of rhetoric that features in most energy security and policy debates in Europe.

European Energy Policy and Its Effects on Gas Security

European Energy Policy and Its Effects on Gas Security
Author: Victorița Ștefana Anda Radu
Publisher:
Total Pages: 356
Release: 2017
Genre: Energy policy
ISBN:

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The goal of this study is to examine the effects of the energy policies of the European Union (EU) on its gas security in the period 2006 to 2016. While energy security is often given a broad meaning, this paper focuses on its external dimension: the EU's relations with external gas suppliers. It is grounded on four pillars drawing from the compounded institutionalist and liberal theoretical frameworks: regulatory state, rational-choice, external governance, and regime effectiveness. The research question was investigated through a qualitative methodology with two main components: a legislative analysis and four case studies representing the main gas supply options - Russia, North African exporting countries, Norway, and liquefied natural gas (LNG). They highlighted that the EU framed the need for gas security mainly in the context of political risks associated with Russian gas supply, but it almost never took into account other equally important risks. Moreover, the research revealed two main issues. First, that the deeper and the more numerous EU's energy policies were, the bigger was the magnitude of the effect. Specifically, competitiveness and infrastructure policies had the largest magnitude, while the sustainability and security of supply policies had the smallest effect. Second, EU energy policies only partially diminished the economic and political risks in relation to foreign gas suppliers. To conclude, to a certain extent the EU's efforts made a positive contribution to the external dimension of the EU's gas security, but the distinguishing trait remains that there is no consistency in terms of the magnitude of the effect and its nature.

Politics, Markets and EU Gas Supply Security

Politics, Markets and EU Gas Supply Security
Author: Sandu-Daniel Kopp
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 324
Release: 2015-01-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3658083247

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Sandu-Daniel Kopp investigates whether carbon reduction targets are compatible with market-driven competition in gas (and power) industries, and whether security of supply is compatible with competitive markets. He examines the policy trade-offs which need to be made between the three different elements, and whether these policy judgements should be economically or politically based. The analysis shows the need for a complex set of politically determined options to protect (competitive) markets from price risks and emergency events and demonstrates that this has thus far failed the policy test. Overall, the author argues that the three major elements of EU energy policy are incompatible in important respects and thereby challenges much of the conventional wisdom of EU and Member State policies of the past decade.

Law and Policy of the European Gas Market

Law and Policy of the European Gas Market
Author: Monica Waloszyk
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 385
Release: 2014-07-31
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1783473479

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øLaw and Policy of the European Gas Market explores the law and politics of the EU gas market and in particular, the regulatory and competitive choices of institutions and bodies operating on the market, with a view to achieving a higher level of marke

The New Politics of Energy Security in the European Union and Beyond

The New Politics of Energy Security in the European Union and Beyond
Author: Andrea Prontera
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 254
Release: 2017-05-18
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1317022696

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Combining theoretical reflections and empirical insights from paradigmatic case studies in the area of external energy governance, pipeline politics, Liquefied Natural Gas development and offshore petroleum policy and politics, this ground-breaking study demonstrates that a distinctive and new politics of energy security is definitively emerging in the European Union. Innovative not only in regard to the case studies presented (which include the Caspian region, the Baltic, Mediterrean countries, Central Asia and EU-Russia relations), but also in regard to the analytical framework adopted – an International Political Economy approach informed by an historical institutional perspective – the book challenges the common view of the ‘de-politicisation’ of energy security supported by the mainstream market approach and the power politics and ‘zero-sum game’ view supported by the geopolitical perspective. This book places the study of EU energy politics in the broader, evolving context of global energy markets and explores the complex interactions between EU and national political dynamics and between energy security and environmental concerns at the local level.