Volume II describes the conceptualization of a computer simulation model for evaluating the effects of various countermeasures in rural EMS systems. The design of RURALSIM permits decision makers to examine an existing EMS system and to determine the potential changes in the system that would occur as the result of introducing specific options or countermeasures. The concept development for the simulation model takes into consideration such factors as the potential demand by various patient types; e.g., cardiac, trauma, obstetrics, burn, etc., for EMS services.