Research Series No 23 The Effect Of The Sectoral Composition Of Economic Growth On Rural And Urban Poverty
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Author | : Rui S. Benfica |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 42 |
Release | : 2019 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Research Series No. 23 - The Effect of the Sectoral Composition of Economic Growth on Rural and Urban Poverty Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
We examine the relationship between the sectoral composition of economic growth and the rural-urban composition of poverty. To this end, we use a new cross-country panel dataset consisting of 146 rural and urban poverty “spells” for 70 low- and middle-income countries. We find that rural (urban) poverty is highly responsive to agricultural (non-agricultural) productivity growth. The effect of agricultural productivity growth on rural poverty is particularly strong for countries with little dependence on natural resources. We also find that growth in the share of employment in the non-agricultural sector (i.e. structural transformation) reduces rural poverty, most notably for countries at a low initial level of development. These findings are robust to changes in key assumptions, including using alternative poverty lines. Finally, we use our estimates to examine the historical contribution of different sources of economic growth to rural and urban poverty reduction across regions.
Author | : Rui S. Benfica |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 42 |
Release | : 2019 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download The Effect of the Sectoral Composition of Economic Growth on Rural and Urban Poverty Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This paper analyses the channels through which growth reduces poverty by evaluating the relationship between the sectoral composition of economic growth and the rural-urban composition of poverty.Unlike previous studies, that use single country or multi-country cross-sectional data, the analysis pioneers the use of cross-country panel data to address this issue. Findings show that rural (urban) poverty is highly responsive to agricultural (non-agricultural) productivity growth.The effect of agricultural productivity growth on rural poverty is particularly strong for countries with little dependence on natural resources. The effects of non-agricultural productivity on urban poverty are not sensitive to initial conditions.Moreover, results suggests that growth in the share of employment in the non-agricultural sector (i.e., structural transformation) seems to reduce rural poverty, most notably for countries at a low initial level of development.
Author | : Norman Loayza |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 38 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : Developing countries |
ISBN | : |
Download The Composition of Growth Matters for Poverty Alleviation Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This paper contributes to explain the cross-country heterogeneity of the poverty response to changes in economic growth. It does so by focusing on the structure of output growth. The paper presents a two-sector theoretical model that clarifies the mechanism through which the sectoral composition of growth and associated labor intensity can affect workers' wages and, thus, poverty alleviation. Then in presents cross-country empirical evidence that analyzes first, the differential poverty-reducing impact of sectoral growth at various levels of disaggregation, and the role of unskilled labor intensity in such differential impact. The paper finds evidence that not only the size of economic growth but also its composition matters for poverty alleviation, with the largest contributuons from labor-intensive sectors (such as agriculture, construction, and manufacturing). The results are robust to the influence of outliers, alternative explanations, and various poverty measures.
Author | : Norman Loayza |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 38 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download The Composition of Growth Matters for Poverty Alleviation Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This paper contributes to explain the cross-country heterogeneity of the poverty response to changes in economic growth. It does so by focusing on the structure of output growth. The paper presents a two-sector theoretical model that clarifies the mechanism through which the sectoral composition of growth and associated labor intensity can affect workers' wages and, thus, poverty alleviation. Then it presents cross-country empirical evidence that analyzes first, the differential poverty-reducing impact of sectoral growth at various levels of disaggregation, and the role of unskilled labor intensity in such differential impact. The paper finds evidence that not only the size of economic growth but also its composition matters for poverty alleviation, with the largest contributions from labor-intensive sectors (such as agriculture, construction, and manufacturing). The results are robust to the influence of outliers, alternative explanations, and various poverty measures.
Author | : Ms. Valerie Cerra |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 54 |
Release | : 2021-03-12 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1513572660 |
Download Links Between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: A Survey Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on the underlying sources of growth. The impact of poverty and inequality on growth is likewise ambiguous, as several channels mediate the relationship. But most plausible mechanisms suggest that poverty and inequality reduce growth, at least in the long run. Policies play a role in shaping these relationships and those designed to improve equality of opportunity can simultaneously improve inclusiveness and growth.
Author | : Norman V. Loayza |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download The Composition of Growth Matters for Poverty Alleviation Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This paper contributes to explain the cross-country heterogeneity of the poverty response to changes in economic growth. It does so by focusing on the structure of output growth itself. The paper presents a two-sector theoretical model that clarifies the mechanism through which the sectoral composition of growth and associated labor intensity can affect workers' wages and, thus, poverty alleviation. Then, it presents cross-country empirical evidence that analyzes, first, the differential poverty-reducing impact of sectoral growth at various levels of disaggregation, and, second, the role of unskilled labor intensity in such differential impact. The paper finds evidence that not only the size of economic growth but also its composition matters for poverty alleviation, with the largest contributions from unskilled labor-intensive sectors (agriculture, construction, and manufacturing). The results are robust to the influence of outliers, endogeneity concerns, alternative explanations, and various poverty measures.
Author | : Martin Ravallion |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 40 |
Release | : 1994 |
Genre | : Cities and towns |
ISBN | : |
Download How Important to India's Poor is the Urban-rural Composition of Growth? Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : Norman V. Loayza |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download The Composition of Growth Matters for Poverty Alleviation Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This paper contributes to explain the cross-country heterogeneity of the poverty response to changes in economic growth. It does so by focusing on the structure of output growth. The paper presents a two-sector theoretical model that clarifies the mechanism through which the sectoral composition of growth and associated labor intensity can affect workers' wages and, thus, poverty alleviation. Then it presents cross-country empirical evidence that analyzes first, the differential poverty-reducing impact of sectoral growth at various levels of disaggregation, and the role of unskilled labor intensity in such differential impact. The paper finds evidence that not only the size of economic growth but also its composition matters for poverty alleviation, with the largest contributions from labor-intensive sectors (such as agriculture, construction, and manufacturing). The results are robust to the influence of outliers, alternative explanations, and various poverty measures.
Author | : United Nations |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 416 |
Release | : 2020-11-30 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9789211328721 |
Download World Cities Report 2020 Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
In a rapidly urbanizing and globalized world, cities have been the epicentres of COVID-19 (coronavirus). The virus has spread to virtually all parts of the world; first, among globally connected cities, then through community transmission and from the city to the countryside. This report shows that the intrinsic value of sustainable urbanization can and should be harnessed for the wellbeing of all. It provides evidence and policy analysis of the value of urbanization from an economic, social and environmental perspective. It also explores the role of innovation and technology, local governments, targeted investments and the effective implementation of the New Urban Agenda in fostering the value of sustainable urbanization.
Author | : Martin Ravallion |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 33 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download When is Growth Pro-Poor? Evidence from the Diverse Experiences of India's States Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Nonfarm economic growth in India had very different effects on poverty in different states. Nonfarm growth was least effective at reducing poverty in states where initial conditions were poor in terms of rural development and human resources. Among initial conditions conducive to pro-poor growth, literacy plays a notably positive role. Ravallion and Datt use 20 household surveys for India's 15 major states, spanning 1960-94, to study how initial conditions and the sectoral composition of economic growth interact to influence how much economic growth reduced poverty.The elasticities of measured poverty to farm yields and development spending did not differ significantly across states. But the elasticities of poverty to (urban and rural) nonfarm output varied appreciably, and the differences were quantitatively important to the overall rate of poverty reduction. States with initially lower farm productivity, lower rural living standards relative to those in urban areas, and lower literacy experienced a less pro-poor growth process.This paper - a joint product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group, and the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, South Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to better understand the conditions required for pro-poor growth.