Most of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, desert, ice or mountains. Thus for humans (a sub-tropical, low altitude, air-breathing animal) most of the planet represents a hostile environment. This important new book presents an in-depth introduction to human physiological and psychological responses to extreme environments, as well as methods for selecting, preparing and protecting individuals that enter those environments. Drawing on a wide range of cutting edge scientific sources, including the latest research in molecular biology, the book examines human responses to short and long term exposure to heat, cold air and water, pressure, altitude, microgravity and environmental pollution. Each section contains a detailed introduction to the core science, outlines the typical hazards associated with each environment and includes recommendations for mitigating decrements in performance and threats to life – such as acclimatization and protective clothing. The book also traces an important evolutionary theme, explaining the physiological implications of mankind’s migration from sub-tropical origins to all corners of the planet and into space. Human Environmental Physiology contains case studies, data, summaries and illustrations throughout, as well as an appendix outlining the most important methodologies and techniques employed in environmental research. It is essential reading for all students and researchers working in sport and exercise, physiology, medicine or biomedical science.