The Relationship Between Racial Microaggression and Mental Health Outcomes Among African American College Students

The Relationship Between Racial Microaggression and Mental Health Outcomes Among African American College Students
Author: Nancy M. Nealious
Publisher:
Total Pages: 194
Release: 2016
Genre: Adjustment (Psychology)
ISBN:

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Racial microaggressions are subtle verbal, behavioral, and environmental racial slights occurring in the everyday lives of minorities that are frequently associated with negative mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety). This study explored the potential buffering and explicative effects of Black racial identity and spirituality on the mental health outcomes (psychological well-being and coping) of African American undergraduate and graduate students who experienced racial microaggressions. Results of the study found that five of the six subtypes of racial microaggressions, excluding Denial of Individual Racism, were negatively correlated with an Acceptance form of coping, while racial microaggression subtypes Ascription of Intelligence, Assumption of Criminality, and Assumed Superiority of White Culture were positively correlated with Negative Affect. Spirituality was not found to act as a buffer. However, the racial identity profile Pre-encounter Self-Hate (PSH) was found to mediate the relationship between the racial microaggression subtype Myth of Meritocracy and Negative Affect. Women utilized self-distraction to cope with racial microaggressions more than their male counterparts. Overall, this study draws attention to specific racial microaggression subtypes that are particularly salient for Black students in higher education. Findings also suggest further research to understand (1) the impact of microaggressions on Black graduate students and (2) possible protective factors for Black students at Christian Colleges who experience racial microaggressions. Keywords: racial microaggressions, racial identity, mental health, Black American.

Microaggressions in Everyday Life

Microaggressions in Everyday Life
Author: Derald Wing Sue
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 384
Release: 2020-04-21
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1119513790

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The essential, authoritative guide to microaggressions, revised and updated The revised and updated second edition of Microaggressions in Everyday Life presents an introduction to the concept of microaggressions, classifies the various types of microaggressions, and offers solutions for ending microaggressions at the individual, group, and community levels. The authors—noted experts on the topic—explore the psychological effects of microaggressions on both perpetrators and targets. Subtle racism, sexism, and heterosexism remain relatively invisible and potentially harmful to the wellbeing, self-esteem, and standard of living of many marginalized groups in society. The book examines the manifestations of various forms of microaggressions and explores their impact. The text covers: researching microaggressions, exploring microaggressions in education, identifying best practices teaching about microaggressions, understanding microaggressions in the counseling setting, as well as guidelines for combating microaggressions. Each chapter concludes with a section called "The Way Forward" that provides guidelines, strategies, and interventions designed to help make our society free of microaggressions. This important book: Offers an updated edition of the seminal work on microaggressions Distinguishes between microaggressions and macroaggressions Includes new information on social media as a key site where microaggressions occur Presents updated qualitative and quantitative findings Introduces the concept of microinterventions Contains new coverage throughout the text with fresh examples and new research findings from a wide range of studies Written for students, faculty, and practitioners of psychology, education, social work, and related disciplines, the revised edition of Microaggressions in Everyday Life illustrates the impact microaggressions have on both targets and perpetrators and offers suggestions to eradicate microaggressions.

Microintervention Strategies

Microintervention Strategies
Author: Derald Wing Sue
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2021-02-03
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1119769965

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Learn how you can help combat micro and macroaggressions against socially devalued groups with this authoritative new resource Microintervention Strategies: What You Can Do to Disarm and Dismantle Indivdiual and Systemic Racism and Bias, delivers a cutting-edge exploration and extension of the concept of microinterventions to combat micro and macroaggressions targeted at marginalized groups in our society. While racial bias is the primary example used throughout the book, the author’s approach is applicable to virtually all forms of bias and discrimination, including that directed at those with disabilities, LGBTQ people, women, and others. The book calls out unfair and biased institutional policies and practices and presents strategies to help reduce the impact of sexism, heterosexism, ableism, and classism. It provides a new conceptual framework for distinguishing between the different categories of microinterventions, or individual anti-bias actions, and offers specific, concrete, and practical advice for taking a stand against micro and macroaggressions. Microintervention Strategies delivers the knowledge and skills necessary to confront individual and institutional manifestations of oppression. Readers will also enjoy: - A thorough introduction to the major conceptual distictions between micro and macroaggressions and an explanation of the manifestations, dynamics, and impact of bias on marginalized groups. - An exploration of the meaning and definition of micorinterventions, including a categorization into three types: microaffirmations, micorprotections, and microchallenges. - A review of literature that discusses the positive benefits that accrue to targets, allies, bystanders, and others when microinterventions take place. - A discussion of major barriers to acting against prejudice and discrimination. Perfect for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in psychology, education, social work, and political science, Microintervention Strategies will also earn a place in the libraries of psychologists, educators, parents, and teachers, who hope to do their part to combat microaggressions and other forms of bias and discrimination.

Exploring the Relationship Between Racial Identity, Microaggressions, and Academic Outcomes Among African American Students in the Classrooms of a Predominantly White Campus

Exploring the Relationship Between Racial Identity, Microaggressions, and Academic Outcomes Among African American Students in the Classrooms of a Predominantly White Campus
Author: Andrea M. Fernandez
Publisher:
Total Pages: 157
Release: 2014
Genre: Academic achievement
ISBN:

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"The overt nature of racism in the United States has morphed into an insidious, covert manifestation called racial microaggression (Pierce, Carew, Pierce-Gonzalez, & Wills, 1978; Sue, Capodilupo, et al., 2007). Though not often intentional in nature, these microaggressive behaviors have become pervasive in the lives of people of color (Sue, 2010; Sue, Capodilupo, et al., 2007). Extant research reveals the harmful and cumulative effects of racial microaggressions (Sue, Nadal, et al., 2008). Researchers have also found a link between the experiences of African American students and negative psychological, health, and educational outcomes (Solórzano, Ceja, & Yosso, 2000; Sue, 2010; Watkins, Labarrie, & Appio, 2010). Much research has been done on people of color's experiences with racial microaggressions; however, few studies have given attention to why some African American college students are able to excel in microaggressive academic environments while others do not. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent African American students at a predominantly White institution experience racial microaggression in the classroom as well as the frequency with which various types of microaggressions are encountered. A secondary purpose was to identify if there is a relationship between microaggressive encounters and academic outcomes. The final purpose was to explore whether racial identity status moderates the relationship between microaggressions and academic outcomes. Forty-seven undergraduate students participated in this study. Results indicated that students' backgrounds impact how they handle microaggressive behaviors. Implications of the findings are presented and suggestions or future research are provided."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Microaggressions in Everyday Life

Microaggressions in Everyday Life
Author: Derald Wing Sue
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 428
Release: 2010-02-09
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0470594152

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Praise for Microaggressions in Everyday Life "In a very constructive way, Dr. Sue provides time-tested psychological suggestions to make our society free of microaggressions. It is a brilliant resource and ideal teaching tool for all those who wish to alter the forces that promote pain for people." —Melba J. T. Vasquez, PhD, ABPPPresident, American Psychological Association "Microaggressions in Everyday Life offers an insightful, scholarly, and thought-provoking analysis of the existence of subtle, often unintentional biases, and their profound impact on members of traditionally disadvantaged groups. The concept of microaggressions is one of the most important developments in the study of intergroup relations over the past decade, and this volume is the definitive source on the topic." —John F. Dovidio, PhD Professor of Psychology, Yale University "Derald Wing Sue has written a must-read book for anyone who deals with diversity at any level. Microaggressions in Everyday Life will bring great rewards in understanding and awareness along with practical guides to put them to good use." —James M. Jones, PhD Professor of Psychology and Director of Black American Studies, University of Delaware "This is a major contribution to the multicultural discourse and to understanding the myriad ways that discrimination can be represented and its insidious effects. Accessible and well documented, it is a pleasure to read." —Beverly Greene, PhD, ABPP Diplomate in Clinical Psychology and Professor of Psychology, St. John's University A transformative look at covert bias, prejudice, and discrimination with hopeful solutions for their eventual dissolution Written by bestselling author Derald Wing Sue, Microaggressions in Everyday Life: Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation is a first-of-its-kind guide on the subject of microaggressions. This book insightfully looks at the various kinds of microaggressions and their psychological effects on both perpetrators and their targets. Thought provoking and timely, Dr. Sue suggests realistic and optimistic guidance for combating—and ending—microaggressions in our society.

Potential Moderators of the Relation Between Microaggressions and Mental Health Among Racial and Ethnic Minority College Students

Potential Moderators of the Relation Between Microaggressions and Mental Health Among Racial and Ethnic Minority College Students
Author: Abigail Demianczyk
Publisher:
Total Pages: 103
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

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In the US, racial and ethnic minority individuals have higher rates of many psychological and physical health problems than Whites, and the experience of racial discrimination may partially explain these disparate health statistics. Given the harmful nature of discrimination, minority individuals may utilize a number of psychological resources to cope with and diminish the negative impact associated with the experience of discrimination. The current dissertation investigated the impact of modern day, subtle forms of discrimination referred to as microaggressions. Prior research has illustrated that the experience of perceived racism and microaggressions plays an important role in the physical and mental health of ethnic minority individuals. The current study explored subtypes of microaggressions and the rates at which different minority groups experience these microaggressions; the concurrent impact of different microaggressions on psychological health outcomes (i.e., symptoms of anxiety, depression, and substance use); the moderating role of coping strategies (i.e., ethnic identity formation, social support) on the relation between the experience of specific microaggressions and psychological health; potential racial or ethnic differences related to main effects of microaggressions on psychological health; and significant interactions between the potential moderators (i.e., racial identity formation and social support) and the experience of microaggressions. Results of the present study indicate that first, minority individuals report experiencing significantly more microaggressions than non-minority participants. Additionally, the experience of microaggressions varied by minority group identification. Second, the experience of microaggressions was associated with higher rates of problematic alcohol use, as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression. Third, aspects of racial/ethnic identity formation and social support were associated with lower rates of problematic alcohol use (but not anger or anxiety or depressive symptoms) among individuals who experienced microaggressions, suggesting a potential buffering effect of these moderators Finally, some racial differences in the correlation between these moderating variables and microaggression variables were found, which suggests that there are likely racial differences in the way that racial/ethnic identity formation and social support can be protective. Future research is needed to increase understanding of racial and ethnic differences in the protective nature of identity formation, social support, and other potential coping strategies. Clinical implications are discussed.

The Cost of Racism for People of Color

The Cost of Racism for People of Color
Author: Alvin N. Alvarez
Publisher: Cultural, Racial, and Ethnic P
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2016
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 9781433820953

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Introduction -- Theoretical and methodological foundations -- A theoretical overview of the impact of racism on people of color / Alex Pieterse and Shantel Powell -- Applying intersectionality theory to research on perceived racism / Jioni A. Lewis and Patrick R. Grzanka -- Improving the measurement of perceived racial discrimination : challenges and opportunities / David R. Williams -- Moderators and mediators of the experience of perceived racism / Alvin Alvarez, Christopher T.H. Liang, Carin Molenaar, and David Nguyen -- Context and costs -- Racism and mental health : examining the link between racism and depression from a social-cognitive perspective / Elizabeth Brondolo, Wan Ng, Kristy-Lee J. Pierre, and Robert Lane -- Racism and behavioral outcomes over the life course / Gilbert C. Gee and Angie Denisse Otiniano Verissimo -- Racism and physical health disparities / Joseph Keaweaimoku Kaholokula -- The impact of racism on education and the educational experiences of students of color / Adrienne D. Dixson, Dominique Clayton, Leah Peoples, and Rema Reynolds -- The costs of racism on workforce entry and work adjustment / Justin C. Perry and Lela L. Pickett -- The impact of racism on communities of color : historical contexts and contemporary issues / Azara L. Santiago Rivera, Hector Y. Adames, Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas, and Gregory Benson-Flórez -- Interventions and future directions -- Racial trauma recovery : a race-informed therapeutic approach to racial wounds / Lillian Comas-Díaz -- Critical race, psychology and social policy : refusing damage, cataloguing oppression, and documenting desire / Michelle Fine and William E. Cross -- Educational interventions for reducing racism / Elizabeth Vera, Daniel Camacho, Megan Polanin, and Manuel Salgado -- Toward a relevant psychology of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination : linking science and practice to develop interventions that work in community settings / Ignacio D. Acevedo-Polakovich, Kara L. Beck, Erin Hawks, and Sarah E. Ogdie

Managing Microaggressions

Managing Microaggressions
Author: Monnica T. Williams
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 208
Release: 2020-06-17
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0190875240

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Microaggressions have been identified as a common and troubling cause of low retention and poor psychotherapy outcomes for people of color. All therapists want and intend to be helpful to their clients, but many unknowingly committing microaggressions due to unconscious biases and misconceptions about people from ethnic and racial minority groups. Managing Microaggressions is intended for mental health clinicians who want to be more effective in their use of evidence-based practices with people of color. Many well-intentioned clinicians lack the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively engage those who are ethnoracially different. This book discusses the theoretical basis of the problem (microaggressions), the cognitive-behavioral mechanisms by which the problem is maintained, and how to remedy the problem using CBT principles, with a focus on the role of the therapist. Not only will readers learn how to avoid offending or harming their clients, they will also be better equipped to help clients navigate microaggressions they encounter in their daily lives. Managing Microaggressions will endow clinicians with a clear understanding of these behaviors and the errors that underpin them, leading to more successful therapy.