Reflections on Reasoning

Reflections on Reasoning
Author: Raymond S. Nickerson
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2019-06-19
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317739213

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This book is an adaptation of a report entitled Notes about Reasoning, prepared under a project on The Training of Higher Cognitive Learning and Thinking Skills that was sponsored by the National Institute of Education. My purpose in producing the notes was to help me clarify my own thinking about reasoning and how the ability to reason effectively might be enhanced in the classroom. I did not intend to write a textbook on reasoning or a scholarly review of research on reasoning processes, and this book is not presented as either now. It still has the character of a collection of thoughts; it is being published with the hope that some of the ideas and suggestions in it may stimulate some others, especially teachers and students, to reflect more than they otherwise might have upon what it means to reason effectively. One does not, of course, become an effective reasoner by reading a book on reasoning or by taking a course in reasoning. Learning to reason well is surely a lifelong process—or at least a lifelong challenge. If this book is useful in helping some readers to see the value of an enduring commitment to that challenge, it will have served its purpose. I wish to thank the NIE Project Officers, Patricia Butler and Joseph Psotka, for their support and encouragement. I am grateful also to John Swets, Richard Herrnstein, David Perkins and Carol Chomsky for helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript, to Anne Kerwin and Patricia Carroll for typing the manuscript and to Brenda Starr and Frank DiPace for making electronic delivery of it to the printer possible by working around the differences between the sending and receiving systems. Special thanks to my wife, Doris, for her constant help of countless types, and most especially for bringing into the world the four beautiful people to whom this book is dedicated.

Reflections on Reason

Reflections on Reason
Author: Howie Todoit
Publisher: eBookIt.com
Total Pages: 84
Release:
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1456642529

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Pave Your Path to Greater Wisdom with Mastery Over Critical ThinkingIn the realm of personal and professional success, there is one skill that outshines all others -- critical thinking. "Reflections on Reason: A Practical Guide to Critical Thinking" is more than just a book; it is an exceptional pathway towards logical reasoning and cogent thinking that empowers you to make insightful decisions and effectively tackle complex problems. This comprehensive guide enlightens you about the indispensable importance of critical thinking. Whether you're questioning the status quo, developing innovative strategies, or sorting fake news from facts, this book illustrates how mastering critical thinking can have a transformative impact on your everyday life. Anchoring you to the key concepts and the intricate characteristics of critical thinkers, chapter two demystifies what constitutes critical thinking. It elaborates on the nuances of logical reasoning, highlighting the distinctions and implications of deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. The subsequent chapters remarkably transform the abstract concept of thinking into a structured process. From identification and clarification to information gathering and assumption forming, the intelligent process of logical reasoning is thoroughly dissected. Arm yourself with the profound understanding of a questioning mind and the different styles of inquiry to achieve intelligent conclusions.Imagine being able to rationalize, analyze, and determine the course of action that leads to the best possible outcomes. With this book, implementing critical thinking in your daily life and work is no longer a herculean task. Learn about popular methodologies like the Socratic Method, the RED Model, and SWOT Analysis that collectively encompass crucial tools and techniques to bolster your cognitive abilities.However, the journey to becoming an adept critical thinker is not devoid of impediments. Cognitive biases, emotional barriers, and intellectual laziness are common yet conquerable obstacles. This book offers effective strategies to overcome these hurdles and nourish intellectual curiosity. To put theory into practice, case studies reflecting real-life scenarios are comprehensively discussed. These not only refine your understanding of the subject but render a practical perspective of how this invaluable skill can be harnessed effectively.A gem for lifelong learners, professionals, students, decision-makers, and everyone passionate about self-improvement, "Reflections on Reason: A Practical Guide to Critical Thinking" is your sure-shot guide to critical thinking prowess. Embark on this enlightening journey, and equip yourself with an arsenal of logic and reason to excel in various walks of life.

Routines for Reasoning

Routines for Reasoning
Author: Grace Kelemanik
Publisher: Heinemann Educational Books
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2016
Genre: Education
ISBN: 9780325078151

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Routines can keep your classroom running smoothly. Now imagine having a set of routines focused not on classroom management, but on helping students develop their mathematical thinking skills. Routines for Reasoning provides expert guidance for weaving the Standards for Mathematical Practice into your teaching by harnessing the power of classroom-tested instructional routines. Grace Kelemanik, Amy Lucenta, and Susan Janssen Creighton have applied their extensive experience teaching mathematics and supporting teachers to crafting routines that are practical teaching and learning tools. -- Provided by publisher.

Practical Reflection

Practical Reflection
Author: James David Velleman
Publisher: Center for the Study of Language and Information Publica Tion
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2007
Genre: Act (Philosophy).
ISBN: 9781575865348

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"What do you see when you look at your face in the mirror?" asks J. David Velleman in introducing his philosophical theory of action. The face that you see is doing two things - trying to see itself and presenting itself to be seen. Velleman takes this simple act of self-scrutiny as a model for the reflective reasoning of rational agents: our efforts to understand our conduct are aided by our reciprocal efforts to make it intelligible. He then argues that this reflective reasoning is what constitutes practical reasoning, the reasoning by which we figure out what to do. The thing to do, he claims, is the thing that would make sense, in that it would be intelligible. By applying this conception of practical reasoning, Velleman develops philosophical accounts of intention, free will, and the foundations of values and morals. --

Taming Intuition

Taming Intuition
Author: Kevin Arceneaux
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 265
Release: 2017-08-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1108415105

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Individuals vary in their ability to reflect on and override partisan impulses, affecting their ability to rationally evaluate politicians.

Wishful Thinking And Other Philosophical Reflections

Wishful Thinking And Other Philosophical Reflections
Author: Nicholas Rescher
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Total Pages: 116
Release: 2013-05-02
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 3110321726

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During 2007-2008 Nicholas Rescher continued his longstanding practice of writing occasional studies on philosophical topics, both for formal presentation and for informal discussion with colleagues. While his forays of this kind have usually been issued in journal publications, this has not been so in the present case so that the studies offered here encompass substantially new material. Notwithstanding their thematic variation, these exemplify a problem-oriented method in the treatment of philosophical issues that is characteristic of Rescher's philosophical modus operandi and inherent in its endeavors to treat classical issues from novel points of view. For Rescher usually more concerned with what should be said about a philosophical question than with what X, Y, and Z have said about it, and he inclined to address issues of the latter sort primarily as a means for addressing the former.

Reflections on the Liar

Reflections on the Liar
Author: Bradley Armour-Garb
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 401
Release: 2017-06-23
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0190672277

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In recent years there have been a number of books-both anthologies and monographs-that have focused on the Liar Paradox and, more generally, on the semantic paradoxes, either offering proposed treatments to those paradoxes or critically evaluating ones that occupy logical space. At the same time, there are a number of people who do great work in philosophy, who have various semantic, logical, metaphysical and/or epistemological commitments that suggest that they should say something about the Liar Paradox, yet who have said very little, if anything, about that paradox or about the extant projects involving it. The purpose of this volume is to afford those philosophers the opportunity to address what might be described as reflections on the Liar.

Lines of Thinking

Lines of Thinking
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 1990
Genre:
ISBN:

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Talking to Our Selves

Talking to Our Selves
Author: John M. Doris
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Total Pages: 367
Release: 2015-03-19
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0191047325

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John M. Doris presents a new account of agency and responsibility, which reconciles our understanding of ourselves as moral agents with psychological research on the unconscious mind. Much philosophical theorizing maintains that the exercise of morally responsible agency consists in judgment and behavior ordered by accurate reflection. On such theories, when human beings are able to direct their lives in the manner philosophers have dignified with the honorific 'agency', it's because they know what they're doing, and why they're doing it. This understanding is compromised by quantities of psychological research on unconscious processing, which suggests that accurate reflection is distressingly uncommon; very often behavior is ordered by surprisingly inaccurate self-awareness. Thus, if agency requires accurate reflection, people seldom exercise agency, and skepticism about agency threatens. To counter the skeptical threat, John M. Doris proposes an alternative theory that requires neither reflection nor accurate self-awareness: he identifies a dialogic form of agency where self-direction is facilitated by exchange of the rationalizations with which people explain and justify themselves to one another. The result is a stoutly interdisciplinary theory sensitive to both what human beings are like—creatures with opaque and unruly psychologies-and what they need: an account of agency sufficient to support a practice of moral responsibility.

Ancient Worlds, Modern Reflections

Ancient Worlds, Modern Reflections
Author: Geoffrey Lloyd
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Total Pages: 234
Release: 2006-02-02
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0191558443

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Geoffrey Lloyd engages in a wide-ranging exploration of what we can learn from the study of ancient civilisations that is relevant to fundamental problems, both intellectual and moral, that we still face today. How far is it possible to arrive at an understanding of alien systems of belief? Is it possible to talk meaningfully of 'science' and of its various constituent disciplines, 'astronomy', 'geography', 'anatomy', and so on, in the ancient world? Are logic and its laws universal? Is there one ontology - a single world - to which all attempts at understanding must be considered to be directed? When we encounter apparently very different views of reality, how far can that be put down to a difference in conceptions of what needs explaining, or of what counts as an explanation, or to different preferred modes of reasoning or styles of inquiry? Do the notions of truth and belief represent reliable cross-cultural universals? In another area, what can ancient history teach us about today's social and political problems? Are the discourses of human nature and of human rights universally applicable? What political institutions do we need to help secure equity and justice within nation states and between them? Lloyd sets out to answer all these questions, and to convince us that the science and culture of ancient Greece and China provide precious resources to advance modern debates.