Reducing Stress Fracture in Physically Active Military Women

Reducing Stress Fracture in Physically Active Military Women
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 132
Release: 1998-10-22
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309060915
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The incidence of stress fractures of the lower extremities during U.S. military basic training is significantly higher among female military recruits than among male recruits. The prevalence of this injury has a marked impact on the health of service personnel and imposes a significant financial burden on the military by delaying completion of the training of new recruits. In addition to lengthening training time, increasing program costs, and delaying military readiness, stress fractures may share their etiology with the longer-term risk of osteoporosis. As part of the Defense Women's Health Research Program, this book evaluates the impact of diet, genetic predisposition, and physical activity on bone mineral and calcium status in young servicewomen. It makes recommendations for reducing stress fractures and improving overall bone health through nutrition education and monitored physical training programs. The book also makes recommendations for future research to evaluate more fully the effects of fitness levels, physical activities, and other factors on stress fracture risk and bone health.

Committee on Military Nutrition Research

Committee on Military Nutrition Research
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 303
Release: 1999-08-04
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309172764
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The activities of the Food and Nutrition Board's Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR, the committee) have been supported since 1994 by grant DAMD17-94-J-4046 from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC). This report fulfills the final reporting requirement of the grant, and presents a summary of activities for the grant period from December 1, 1994 through May 31, 1999. During this grant period, the CMNR has met from three to six times each year in response to issues that are brought to the committee through the Military Nutrition and Biochemistry Division of the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine at Natick, Massachusetts, and the Military Operational Medicine Program of USAMRMC at Fort Detrick, Maryland. The CMNR has submitted five workshop reports (plus two preliminary reports), including one that is a joint project with the Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women; three letter reports, and one brief report, all with recommendations, to the Commander, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, since September 1995 and has a brief report currently in preparation. These reports are summarized in the following activity report with synopses of additional topics for which reports were deferred pending completion of military research in progress. This activity report includes as appendixes the conclusions and recommendations from the nine reports and has been prepared in a fashion to allow rapid access to committee recommendations on the topics covered over the time period.

Reducing Stress Fracture in Physically Active Military Women

Reducing Stress Fracture in Physically Active Military Women
Author: Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 132
Release: 1998-10-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309591899
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The incidence of stress fractures of the lower extremities during U.S. military basic training is significantly higher among female military recruits than among male recruits. The prevalence of this injury has a marked impact on the health of service personnel and imposes a significant financial burden on the military by delaying completion of the training of new recruits. In addition to lengthening training time, increasing program costs, and delaying military readiness, stress fractures may share their etiology with the longer-term risk of osteoporosis. As part of the Defense Women's Health Research Program, this book evaluates the impact of diet, genetic predisposition, and physical activity on bone mineral and calcium status in young servicewomen. It makes recommendations for reducing stress fractures and improving overall bone health through nutrition education and monitored physical training programs. The book also makes recommendations for future research to evaluate more fully the effects of fitness levels, physical activities, and other factors on stress fracture risk and bone health.

Effect of Isokinetic Strength Training and Deconditioning on Bone Stiffness, Bone Density and Bone Turnover in Military-Aged Women

Effect of Isokinetic Strength Training and Deconditioning on Bone Stiffness, Bone Density and Bone Turnover in Military-Aged Women
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 48
Release: 2001
Genre:
ISBN:
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For physically active military personnel, stress fractures are debilitating and costly. Female soldiers sustain twice the number of stress fractures compared to males. Exercise interventions for women are needed to promote military readiness in ways that enhance bone strength and reduce stress fractures. This study, currently in progress, is investigating the effects of 30 weeks of concentric Vs eccentric isokinetic resistance training on bone stiffness (mechanical impedance), quality (mineral density and content), and bone cell activity (biomarkers of turnover). Female volunteers (N = 120), 18-26 years of age are categorized into normal bone density (NBD, n = 60) and low bone density (LBD, n = 60) subgroups, based on whole body bone density measurements. Subjects then are randomly assigned within NBD and LBD subgroups for concentric (n = 30 LBD, a = 30 NBD) and eccentric (n = 30 LBD, n = 30 NBD) exercise training. Exercises are performed using non-dominant arms and legs, leaving dominant limbs as self-controls. Results of this study will enhance understandings of effects of specialized exercise training on bone adaptations among young adult females. This work has important implications for reducing stress fractures arising from combat-readiness activities and for preventing osteoporosis in women.

Bone Stress Injuries

Bone Stress Injuries
Author: Adam S. Tenforde, MD
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Total Pages: 219
Release: 2021-07-17
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0826144241
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“This book gives a nice summary of the current state of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bone stress injuries. It is particularly useful for sports medicine fellows and residents with an interest in athletes and active patients." ---Doody's Review Service, 3 stars Bone stress injuries are commonly seen in athletes and active individuals across a full spectrum of physical activity, age, and gender. While most overuse injuries can be addressed through non-operative care, injuries may progress to full fractures that require surgery if misdiagnosed or not correctly managed. Written by leaders in sports medicine including physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthopaedics, endocrinology and allied health professionals of biomechanics, physical therapy and dietetics, Bone Stress Injuries offers state-of-the-art guidelines and up-to-date science and terminology to practitioners. Using a holistic approach to understand the management of bone stress injuries, this book highlights specific considerations by injury, gender, and risk factor to ensure that a comprehensive treatment plan can be developed to optimize bone health, neuromuscular re-education, gait mechanics, and injury prevention. Organized into four parts, opening chapters cover the general need-to-know topics, including clinical history, imaging, and risk factors including biological and biomechanical factors. The book proceeds anatomically through the body from upper extremity to foot and ankle injuries, with each chapter underscoring diagnostic and treatment strategies specific to that region. Chapters dedicated to special populations discuss the differences in injury evaluation and management according to age, gender, and military background. Final chapters review the prevention of injuries and examine both common and novel treatment strategies, such as medications, nutrition, gait retraining, orthobiologics, and other interventions. Invaluable in its scope and approach, Bone Stress Injuries is the go-to resource for sports medicine physicians, physiatrists, and primary care providers who manage the care of athletes and individuals leading active lifestyles. Key Features: Promotes evidence-based practice for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bone stress injuries Covers specific anatomy that is prone to bone stress injuries with dedicated chapters on upper and lower extremities, pelvis and hip, spine, and foot and ankle Considers evaluation and management differences according to specific populations of pediatric, male, female, and military personnel Discusses emerging strategies to treat bone stress injuries, such as gait retraining, orthobiologics, and other non-pharmacological treatments

Effect of Isokinetic Strength Training and Deconditioning on Bone Stiffness, Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover in Military-Aged Women

Effect of Isokinetic Strength Training and Deconditioning on Bone Stiffness, Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover in Military-Aged Women
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 58
Release: 2002
Genre:
ISBN:
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For physically active military personnel, stress fractures are debilitating and costly. Female soldiers sustain twice the number of stress fractures compared to males. Exercise interventions for women are needed to promote military readiness in ways that enhance bone strength and reduce stress fractures. This study, currently in progress, is investigating the effects of 30 weeks of concentric Vs eccentric isokinetic resistance training on bone stiffness (mechanical impedance), bone quality (mineral density and content), and bone cell activity (biomarkers of turnover). Female volunteers (N = 120), 18-26 years of age have been categorized into normal bone density (NBD, N = 60) and low bone density (LBD, N = 60) subgroups, based on whole body bone density measurements. Subjects subsequently have been randomly assigned within NBD and LBD subgroups for either concentric (n = 30 LBD, n = 30 NBD) and eccentric (N = 30 LBD, N = 30 NBD) isokinetic exercise training. Exercises are performed using non-dominant arms and legs only, leaving dominant limbs as self-controls Results of this study will enhance understandings of effects of specialized isokinetic resistance exercise training on bone adaptations among young adult females. This work has important implications for reducing stress fractures arising from combat- readiness activities in women and their risks for future osteoporosis.

Fractures in Sport

Fractures in Sport
Author: Greg A. J. Robertson
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 516
Release: 2021-07-29
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3030720365
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This textbook provides a practically applicable sport-centred guide to fracture management for athletes. It features extensive evidence-based guidance on how fracture management can be adapted in athletic patients, to facilitate an accelerated return to sport. Descriptions of a variety of both acute and stress fracture types are included, covering both the appendicular and axial skeleton, in locations such as the shoulder, knee, ankle and spine. Throughout the book, the focus is on enabling the reader to develop a deeper understanding of the ideal management principles that are available for managing fractures in high-functioning patients. Fractures in Sport comprehensively covers the available strategies for managing fractures in professional and amateur athletes, and is ideal for use by practising and trainee orthopaedic surgeons, sports physicians, and general practitioners.

Structural Indices of Stress Fracture Susceptibility in Female Military Recruits

Structural Indices of Stress Fracture Susceptibility in Female Military Recruits
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 1997
Genre:
ISBN:
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A study was undertaken to examine stress fracture susceptibility in female US Marine Corps recruits, using anthropometry and bone structural measurements derived from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans of The femur and lower leg. A total of 671 recruits received anthropometry and DEXA scans at the onset of training and were followed to ascertain stress fractures. A total of 36 recruits (5.2%) suffered stress fractures; 13 cases were in the foot, 10 each in the pelvic girdle and lower leg, and 9 in the femur. Fracture cases were pooled and compared with non-fracture cases. Results show that BMD, cross-sectional geometry, strength indices, and mean cortical thicknesses of the femur and tibia were significantly lower in cases than in controls, suggesting relatively weaker bone strength of the lower limbs of fracture cases, a result also seen earlier in males. In the male however, small body size predisposed to stress fracture, but in the generally smaller female, body size was unimportant. Moreover male stress fractures were predominantly below the knee (81%), while more than half (53%) of female cases were in the femur or pelvic girdle. When pelvic stress fractures were separately compared to controls, only pelvic and intertrochanteric breadths corrected for body weight, were significantly larger in cases. This suggests that a relatively wide pelvis is a risk factor for pelvic stress fracture and considering the narrow male pelvis may explain why pelvic stress fractures is a female phenomenon.

Physical Training and Exercise-Related Injuries Surveillance, Research and Injury Prevention Military Populations

Physical Training and Exercise-Related Injuries Surveillance, Research and Injury Prevention Military Populations
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 16
Release: 1999
Genre:
ISBN:
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Athletes and soldiers must both develop and maintain high levels of physical fitness for the physically demanding tasks they perform; however, the routine physical activity necessary to achieve and sustain fitness can result in training-related injuries. This article reviews data from a systematic injury control programme developed by the U.S. Army. Injury control requires 5 major steps: (1) surveillance to determine the size of the injury problem; (2) studies to determine causes and risk factors for these injuries; (3) studies to ascertain whether proposed interventions actually reduce injuries; (4) Implementation of effective interventions; and (5) monitoring to see whether interventions retain their effectiveness. Medical surveillance data from the U.S. Army indicate that unintentional (accidental) injuries cause about 50% of deaths, 50% of disabilities, 30% of hospitalisations and 40 to 60% of outpatient visits. Epidemiological surveys show that the cumulative incidence of injuries (requiring an outpatient visit) in the 8 weeks of U.S. Army basic training is about 25% for men and 55% for women; incidence rates for operational infantry, special forces and ranger units are about 10 to 12 injuries/100 soldier-months. Of the limited-duty days accrued by trainees and infantry soldiers who were treated in outpatient clinics, 80 to 90% were the result of training-related injuries. U.S. Army studies document a number of potentially modifiable risk factors for these injuries, which include high amounts of running, low levels of physical fitness, high and low levels of flexibility, sedentary life-style and tobacco use, amongst other. Studies directed at interventions showed that limiting running distance can reduce the risk for stress fractures, that the use of ankle braces can reduce the likelihood of ankle sprains during harebrained operations and the use of shock-absorbing insoles does not reduce stress fractures during training.

Sports Injuries

Sports Injuries
Author: Mahmut Nedim Doral
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 3295
Release: 2015-06-29
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3642365698
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Sports Injuries: Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation covers the whole field of sports injuries and is an up-to-date guide for the diagnosis and treatment of the full range of sports injuries. The work pays detailed attention to biomechanics and injury prevention, examines the emerging treatment role of current strategies and evaluates sports injuries of each part of musculoskeletal system. In addition, pediatric sports injuries, extreme sports injuries, the role of physiotherapy, and future developments are extensively discussed. All those who are involved in the care of patients with sports injuries will find this textbook to be an invaluable, comprehensive, and up-to-date reference.