Red Blood Cell Aggregation

Red Blood Cell Aggregation
Author: Oguz Baskurt
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 310
Release: 2011-09-28
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1439841810

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Red blood cells in humans-and most other mammals-have a tendency to form aggregates with a characteristic face-to-face morphology, similar to a stack of coins. Known as rouleaux, these aggregates are a normally occurring phenomenon and have a major impact on blood rheology. What is the underlying mechanism that produces this pattern? Does this real

Red Blood Cell Aggregation

Red Blood Cell Aggregation
Author: Oguz Baskurt
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 326
Release: 2011-09-28
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1439841802

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Red blood cells in humans—and most other mammals—have a tendency to form aggregates with a characteristic face-to-face morphology, similar to a stack of coins. Known as rouleaux, these aggregates are a normally occurring phenomenon and have a major impact on blood rheology. What is the underlying mechanism that produces this pattern? Does this really happen in blood circulation? And do these rouleaux formations have a useful function? The first book to offer a comprehensive review of the subject, Red Blood Cell Aggregation tackles these and other questions related to red blood cell (RBC) aggregates. The book covers basic, clinical, and physiological aspects of this important biophysical phenomenon and integrates these areas with concepts in bioengineering. It brings together state-of-the-art research on the determinants, mechanisms, and measurement and effects of RBC aggregation as well as on variations and comparative aspects. After an introductory overview, the book outlines factors and conditions that affect RBC aggregation. It presents the two hypotheses—the bridging model and the depletion model—that provide potential mechanisms for the adhesive forces that lead to the regular packing of the cells in rouleaux formations. The book also reviews the methods used to quantify RBC aggregation in vitro, focusing on their importance in clinical practice. Chapters discuss the effect of RBC aggregation on the in vitro rheology of blood as well as on tube flow. The book also looks at what happens in the circulation when red blood cells aggregate and examines variations due to physiological and pathophysiological challenges. The concluding chapter explores the formation of red blood cell aggregates in other mammals. Written by leading researchers in the field, this is an invaluable resource for basic science, medical, and clinical researchers; graduate students; and clinicians interested in mammalian red blood cells.

Red Blood Cell Aggregation Characterization

Red Blood Cell Aggregation Characterization
Author: Rym Mehri
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:

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Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant cells in human blood, representing 40 to 45% of the blood volume (hematocrit). These cells have the particular ability to deform and bridge together to form aggregates under very low shear rates. The theory and mechanics behind aggregation are, however, not yet completely understood. The purpose of this work is to provide a novel method to analyze, understand and mimic blood behaviour in microcirculation. The main objective is to develop a methodology to quantify and characterize RBC aggregates and hence enhance the current understanding of the non-Newtonian behaviour of blood at the microscale. For this purpose, suspensions of porcine blood and human blood are tested in vitro in a Poly-di-methylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel to characterize RBC aggregates within these two types of blood. These microchannels are fabricated using standard photolithography methods. Experiments are performed using a micro Particle Image Velocimetry ( PIV) system for shear rate measurements coupled with a high speed camera for the flow visualization. Corresponding numerical simulations are conducted using a research Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) solver, Nek5000, based on the spectral element method solution to the incompressible non-Newtonian Navier-Stokes equations. RBC aggregate sizes are quantified in controlled and measurable shear rate environments for 5, 10 and 15% hematocrit. Aggregate sizes are determined using image processing techniques. Velocity fields of the blood flow are measured experimentally and compared to numerical simulations using simple non-Newtonian models (Power law and Carreau models). This work establishes for the first time a relationship between RBC aggregate sizes and corresponding shear rates in a microfluidic environment as well as one between RBC aggregate sizes and apparent blood viscosity at body temperature in a microfluidic controlled environment. The results of the investigation can be used to help develop new numerical models for non-Newtonian blood flow, provide a better understanding of the mechanics of RBC aggregation and help determine aggregate behaviour in clinical settings such as for degenerative diseases like diabetes and heart disease.

Clinical Hemorheology

Clinical Hemorheology
Author: S. Chien
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 556
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9400942850

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The task the editors have set themselves is to survey the field of clinical hemorheology from basic principles to up-to-date research. It is only in a new science like this that it is possible to span the whole field in a book of this size. Hemorheology, as a new approach to the study and management of a wide range of circulatory diseases, is now beginning to appear with increasing frequency in general as well as specialized medical journals. Hemorheology is also just beginning to creep into the undergraduate medical curriculum. Therefore, the majority of graduate doctors are unequipped to assess the place of hemorheology in the overall framework of circulatory physiology and pathology or to assess its relevance to their everyday practice. It is hoped that this book will fill this gap. The approach of the book is interdisciplinary. The first part deals with basic principles of blood flow, circulation and hemorheology. It has been written with the general doctor in mind, who has no special knowledge of hemodynamics and rheological concepts, terminology or methodology. To maintain the emphasis on practical clinical applications, all the chapters in the second part of the book have been written by clinical specialists practicing in the individual areas of disease. The book is so designed that clinicians may be able to read the relevant chapters in the second part of the book in isolation, using the basic science aspects contained in the first part of the book as reference chapters.

Kinetics of Aggregation and Gelation

Kinetics of Aggregation and Gelation
Author: Fereydoon Family
Publisher: North Holland
Total Pages: 304
Release: 1984
Genre: Science
ISBN:

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Kinetics of Aggregation and Gelation

The Red Blood Cell

The Red Blood Cell
Author: Douglas MacN. Surgenor
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 783
Release: 2013-10-22
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1483257509

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The Red Blood Cell, Second Edition, Volume II provides a comprehensive treatment and review of basic biomedical knowledge about the circulating, adult red blood cell. This book discusses the transport through red cell membranes; carrier-mediated glucose transport across human red cell membranes; and metabolism of methemoglobin in human erythrocytes. The interaction of oxygen and carbon dioxide with hemoglobin at the molecular level; physiological role of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve; hemoglobinopathies; and thalassemia syndromes are also deliberated. This publication likewise covers the red cell genetic polymorphisms; biological life of the red cell; clinical indications for red cells and blood; and biophysical behavior of red cells in suspensions. Other topics include the electrokinetic behavior of red cells; erythrocyte as a biopsy tissue in the evaluation of nutritional status; and knowledge of red cell purine and pyrimidine metabolism coming from the study of human disease. This volume is recommended for students, researchers, teachers, and physicians aiming to acquire knowledge of the red blood cell.

Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics

Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics
Author: O.K. Baskurt
Publisher: IOS Press
Total Pages: 468
Release: 2007-10-03
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1607502631

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This publication primarily focuses on the macro- and micro-rheological behavior of blood and its formed elements, on interactions between the formed elements and blood vessel walls, and on the microvascular aspects of hemodynamics. Since many aspects of hemorheology and hemodynamics are affected by disease or clinical states, these effects are discussed as are hyperviscosity syndromes, therapy for disturbed blood rheology, and methods in hemorheology and hemodynamics. Sections of the Handbook include History of Hemorheology; Hemorheology, covering basic aspects, blood composition, blood rheology, cell mechanics, pathophysiology, methods and comparative studies; Hemodynamics, covering basic principles, microcirculation, in vivo effects, endothelium and methods; and Clinical Aspects of Hemorheology, covering hyperviscosity, clinical significance and treatment. The goal is to foster greater interchange between workers in the fields so as to promote collaborative efforts and, hopefully, improved health. In selecting topics for this handbook the editors have attempted to provide a general overview of both basic science and clinical hemorheology and hemodynamics. Hemorheology and hemodynamics are closely related, the former dealing with all aspects of the flow and interactions of the individual blood cells mostly studied in vitro, the latter with the in vivo relationships among vessel architecture, driving pressure, flow rate and shear stress. The linkage between the in vitro and in vivo research described in the book will be of interest to both basic science and clinical investigators. The editors of the handbook have each been active in the fields of bio- and hemorheology for many years, and have published extensively. They have successfully achieved their objective to publish a well-written and well-edited handbook that will be valuable for researchers and students in the field.