Public Baths in Lebanon from the Romans to the Umayyads

Public Baths in Lebanon from the Romans to the Umayyads
Author: Martine Michel Francis
Publisher:
Total Pages: 232
Release: 1999
Genre: Lebanon
ISBN:

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Throughout the Roman Empire bathhouses were built to fulfill the needs of a Roman lifestyle. Several sites in Roman Lebanon have yielded bath structures of significant size. Unfortunately, investigations carried out previously were of a rather superficial nature, and except for a few brief descriptions, they provided almost no literature on Roman baths of Lebanon. Further research is needed to understand the different aspects of the existing bath structures.--The first chapter presents the cultural and historical background of classical Greece since the gymnasium was bom and first institutionalized till its absorption into a new institution, the Roman thermae. The second chapter deals with the architectural history of such institutions. In the third chapter, a detailed study of three different bathhouse types from Lebanon will be presented. The bathhouses belonging to the early tradition of Single Axis Row type baths of the second century BC Pompeian type, and the bathhouses which belong to the later Imperial Thermae. The third type of bathhouses studied in this thesis falls outside the chronological classification of Krencker's bath types: the Umayyad bathhouse at 'Anjar, dating to the 8,h century AD, belongs to the same concept of Roman public bathing but shows some local characteristics which will be compared to other Umayyad bathhouses in Syria and Jordan.--This study hopes to provide enough information on Roman baths in Lebanon to place them within the broader context of classified Roman bathhouses. The aim of this thesis is also to collect a substantial database on all bathhouses known in Lebanon in order to prepare the ground for a more specific and detailed analysis of the individual baths in Lebanon.

Bathhouses in Iudaea, Syria-Palaestina and Provincia Arabia from Herod the Great to the Umayyads

Bathhouses in Iudaea, Syria-Palaestina and Provincia Arabia from Herod the Great to the Umayyads
Author: Arleta Kowalewska
Publisher: Oxbow Books
Total Pages: 176
Release: 2021-08-31
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1789256607

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Bathing culture was one of the pillars of Roman society and bathhouses are one of the largest categories of a particular type of construction excavated in the Roman world. The large number of surviving remains and their regional variety make bathhouses vital for the study of the local societies in the Roman-Byzantine period. This book presents the archaeological evidence of close to 200 Roman-style bathhouses from the region of Iudaea/Syria-Palaestina and Provincia Arabia, part of the provinces of the Roman East, constructed from the reign of Herod the Great (second half of the 1st century BCE) to the end of the Umayyad rule (mid-8th century CE). The bathing complexes of the Roman, Byzantine, and the Early Islamic periods, ranging from large public thermae to small bathing suites, are for the first time analyzed as unified data with an unprecedented amount of detail, considering a variety of parameters – from dating and setting, through building techniques and materials, to plans and decorations. Typologies of the bathhouses and their components are supplemented by exploration of the socio-cultural insight provided by this particular type of construction. The historical narrative of the regional bathing facilities is updated in the light of new information. The full raw data used for the study is provided in the expandable open-access online database.

Lebanon

Lebanon
Author: Paul Doyle
Publisher: Bradt Travel Guides
Total Pages: 408
Release: 2023-04-17
Genre: Travel
ISBN: 178477698X

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This new, thoroughly updated third edition of Bradt’s Lebanon remains the only English-language guide dedicated to the smallest country on the Asian continent. Comprehensively updated throughout to reflect recent economic, political and social changes, it includes revised and new listings for hotels, restaurants, and what to see and do, catering for all types of travellers and budgets. Although only half the size of Wales, Lebanon offers extraordinary diversity. Some of the world’s oldest human settlements, including the Phoenician ports of Tyre and Byblos – two of Lebanon’s five World Heritage sites – sit alongside modern Beirut. The absorbing capital is popular for its world-renowned cuisine, eclectic nightlife, mosaic of peoples and kaleidoscope of religions. In Lebanon's second city, Tripoli, busy medieval souks are watched over by a vast Crusader castle. Nearby, snow-capped mountains and the lush Qadisha Valley with its snaking river and waterfalls provide entertainment for skiers and hikers (the latter also well served by the Lebanon Mountain Trail, which runs virtually the length of the country). Three hundred days of sunshine per year makes Lebanon a ‘go anytime’ destination, with the Mediterranean coastline particularly drawing sun-seekers and watersports enthusiasts. Wildlife-lovers can enjoy Shouf Biosphere Reserve (with its famed cedar trees, the national emblem) and the Aammiq Wetlands, while Lebanon has become a major destination for religious tourism, and vinophiles can visit numerous Bekaa Valley wineries of international repute. Bradt's Lebanon offers detailed coverage of areas ignored by other guides, particularly the country’s south, as well as more extensive cultural and practical information. New for this edition are specialist features on aspects of Lebanese cultural life, additional background information, updates on work to rebuild Beirut following the 2020 explosion, extended and revised coverage of the Aammiq Wetlands, new and updated maps, and new visitor attractions including the MIM mineral museum and the Middle East’s first chocolate museum, both in Beirut. With a comprehensive language appendix covering both Arabic and French, detailed historical and religious background that helps visitors travel with awareness and sensitivity, and in-depth travel information, Bradt's Lebanon is an indispensable practical companion to visiting this excitingly varied country.

Historical Dictionary of Lebanon

Historical Dictionary of Lebanon
Author: Tom Najem
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 435
Release: 2021-06-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 1538120445

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Historical Dictionary of Lebanon, Second Edition covers the long history of Lebanon, from before the Ottoman era through the Ottoman Era, the French Mandate, Independence, the long civil war and the recent protests for democratic reform and the aftermath of the explosion in the port area. It features lengthy entries on major historical/political events as well as the major people, sectarian groups and political parties. It contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 800 cross-referenced entries on important personalities as well as aspects of the country’s politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Lebanon.

Hammaming in the Sham

Hammaming in the Sham
Author: Richard Boggs
Publisher: Garnet Publishing Ltd
Total Pages: 390
Release: 2022-07-01
Genre: Travel
ISBN: 1859643256

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Legend has it that Damascus once had 365 hammams or 'Turkish baths' one for each day of the year. Originally part of an ancient Roman tradition, hammams were absorbed by Islam to such an extent that many became almost annexes to nearby mosques. For centuries, hammams were an integral part of community life, with some fifty hammams surviving in Damascus until the 1950s. Since then, however, with the onslaught of modernization programs and home bathrooms, many have been demolished; fewer than twenty Damascene working hammams survive today. In Hammaming in the Sham, Richard Boggs travels the length and breadth of modern Syria, documenting the traditions of bathing in Damascus, Aleppo and elsewhere, and his encounters with Syrians as they bathe. In his portrayal of life in the hammams he reveals how these ancient institutions cater for both body and soul, and through his conversations with the bathers within he provides insights into the grass roots of contemporary Syrian society. Approximately 140 color photographs accompany the text, portraying the traditional neighborhoods of Damascus and Aleppo, and the almost religious feel of the hammams. The author's intimate portraits of the baths' employees and bathers show a unique side of Syria rarely exposed to the outside world.

Syria & Lebanon Handbook

Syria & Lebanon Handbook
Author: Ivan Mannheim
Publisher: Footprint Handbooks
Total Pages: 684
Release: 2001
Genre: Lebanon
ISBN: 9781900949903

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Both Syria and Lebanon still labour under their media stereotypes as places of religious fanaticism, terrorism and intractable conflict. True, the region has had more than its fair share of wars, atrocities and suffering, and the Arab-Israeli conflict continues to cast its tragic shadow. Indeed, this is a conflict which goes right back to the dawn of history, resonating through the Old Testament stories of the origins of the Israelites, and the Exodus, when Moses led his people from exile in Egypt back to the Promised Land. But these same twists of religion, history and geography are also what makes this such a fascinating region to visit. Forget your preconceptions and go see for yourself; the day-to-day reality on the ground is a world away from the media stereotypes. Rather, you will find yourself stepping into a wonderful world of breathtakingly beautiful and well preserved historic monuments, stunning scenery, delicious food and diverse peoples.

Jordan, Syria & Lebanon Handbook

Jordan, Syria & Lebanon Handbook
Author: Ivan Mannheim
Publisher: Footprint Handbook
Total Pages: 740
Release: 1998
Genre: Travel
ISBN:

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This guidebook covers Jordan, Syria and Lebanon in one portable volume. The whole region is full of interesting places for the visitor, from the famous Nabatean city ruins of Petra and natural wonders of Wadi Rum in Jordan, to the less visited ruins of Palmyra and formidable Crusader castle of Crac des Chevaliers in Syria. Lebanon is back on the tourist map and combines a different slice of Middle Eastern/Mediterranean life - luxury beach resorts, fashionable nightclubs, restaurants and skiing on Mount Lebanon - with a wealth of important historical sites.

The Hammam through Time and Space

The Hammam through Time and Space
Author: Julie Peteet
Publisher: Syracuse University Press
Total Pages: 383
Release: 2024-05-15
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0815657048

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Julie Peteet offers a fascinating tour through the rich cultural history of hammams, or baths, in the Mediterranean and Middle East. These sacred structures date back to the Bronze and Iron Ages and have evolved through the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic periods. In this original work, Peteet provides the first comprehensive examination of hammams through their architecture, the labor pool, clientele, meanings, notions of the body and hygiene, and economy. Exploring the hammam as both a tangible architectural structure and an intangible social practice, Peteet sheds light on how the bath has functioned as a central hub of religious ceremonies and a space that transcends any specific religious affiliation. Although hammams have experienced a decline due to modernization, new domestic technologies, and rejection of the Ottoman-Islamic past, their current reinvigorated form illuminates neoliberal conceptions of heritage and leisure industries. Hammams have become spaces for cleansing and fashioning a gendered and aesthetically appropriate body as defined by a global wellness syndrome. Peteet’s captivating narrative traces the hammam’s historical significance and contemporary role as both a sacred and profane cultural phenomenon.

Lebanon

Lebanon
Author: Ann Jousiffe
Publisher:
Total Pages: 258
Release: 1998
Genre: Reference
ISBN:

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The only current guidebook available for Lebanon-bound travelers, this guide includes essentials for travelers of varying budgets and interests, numerous accommodation, restaurant, and transporation options, background notes on history, culture, and politics, and much more. Full-color photos throughout. 15 maps.