Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Department of the Interior's plans to expand the economic and public uses of lands included in the National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS), focusing on: (1) how expansion decisions were reached and whether data provided by individual refuges were considered in Interior's plans; (2) plans to increase oil and gas development on NWRS lands; and (3) policies of Interior's Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) for granting access to and use of public lands. GAO found that FWS initiated two surveys of refuge managers to identify potential expansion of uses for NWRS lands. FWS projected a potential increase of $2 million from expansion of economic activities, exclusive of oil and gas development. However, many refuge managers believed that such increases were unlikely to be realized because of limited demand for products that could be produced on NWRS lands. GAO believes that these concerns are valid because of the low quality and small volume of products and the remote locations of many refuges. GAO also found that, although mitigation of potential damage to wildlife from oil and gas development is important, FWS has insufficient information as to the extent of oil and gas activities on NWRS lands to assess the impacts of current or increased development. In addition, FWS has not provided guidance to refuge managers on how oil and gas operations should be conducted. Recent congressional action has delayed plans to expand oil and gas activities on NWRS lands. GAO also found that FWS has no specific regulations on access to NWRS lands; some refuges allow access without permits while others do not. In addition, FWS is not: (1) consistently charging fees for access and other use permits; or (2) ensuring that collected revenues are deposited in the proper Treasury accounts.