Psychobiology of MDMA

Psychobiology of MDMA
Author: A. C. Parrott
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2009-11-18
Genre: Central nervous system
ISBN: 9783805593144

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The effects of recreational MDMA or ecstasy users was one of the main topic discussed during the international MDMA conference held in Melbourne 2008. In this special issue interesting papers on ecstasy dependence, impairments in thermoregulation and overheating, cognitive deficits, impulsivity and depression, the contributory role of the neurohormone oxytocin, and roadside testing of MDMA in car drivers are presented. Animal models of neurotoxicity, patterns of emergency hospital admission, the self-administration of MDMA in laboratory animals, and drug interactions between MDMA and alcohol are also discussed as well as papers about memory changes in working and information processing, and the memory consolidation effect of sleep. Further articles cover the role of the energetic stress neurohormone cortisol, and the use of the Internet for conducting large-scale studies with illicit drug users. Psychopharmacologists, pharmacologists, psychiatrists and psychologists will find valuable information about the latest research into the psychobiological effects of recreational MDMA or ecstasy.

MDMA-induced Serotonergic Neurotoxicity

MDMA-induced Serotonergic Neurotoxicity
Author: Dominik Buchmüller
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 33
Release: 2009-10
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 364043966X

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Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Psychology - Biological Psychology, grade: A (100%), New College Durham (Duke University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience), course: Behavior and Neurochemistry, language: English, abstract: It is the aim of this paper to review and integrate relevant empirical findings and theoretical discussions concerning the molecular and cellular mechanisms and effects of MDMA-induced 5-HT neurotoxicity in laboratory animals. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a derivative of the synthetic psychostimulant methamphetamine (METH). It also shares some structural and pharmacological properties of mescaline, a naturally occurring psychedelic hallucinogen. At the molecular level, all three substances resemble the monoamine neurotransmitters epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA). They mimic the neurophysiological actions and effects of E and DA, as well as serotonin (5-HT). METH and MDMA do so by binding to, and reversal of monoamine-specific transporter proteins at the presynaptic plasma membrane. While the psychological effects of METH are mainly due its action as a DA release agent and reuptake inhibitor, MDMA primarily affects the serotonergic system. It has a high affinity for the serotonin-specific transporter (SERT), which carries it into the presynaptic neuron. Inside the cell, MDMA inhibits the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2), pre-venting intracellular 5-HT from being stored in synaptic vesicles. In addition, MDMA phos-phorylates SERT, which causes a reversal of its reuptake function and, hence, non-exocytotic efflux of 5-HT by the means of passive diffusion. Because neurotransmitter release normally only occurs in case of an action potential, and the released transmitter is partly reabsorbed and recycled, the reverse functioning of SERT depletes 5-HT stores. The equivalent effect of METH via reversal of the DA transporter (DAT) has been linked to its neurotoxic properties (Yamamoto & Zhu, 1998).

Ecstasy: The Complete Guide

Ecstasy: The Complete Guide
Author: Julie Holland
Publisher: Inner Traditions / Bear & Co
Total Pages: 470
Release: 2001-08
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780892818570

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Written by the world's leading experts on MDMA, "Ecstasy: The Complete Guide" takes the first unbiased look at the risks and the benefits of this unique drug, including the science of how it works; its promise as a treatment for depression, post-traumatic stress disorders, and other mental illnesses; and how to minimize the risks of use.

Craving for Ecstasy and Natural Highs

Craving for Ecstasy and Natural Highs
Author: Harvey B. Milkman
Publisher: SAGE
Total Pages: 497
Release: 2009-06-17
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1412956730

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"Harvey B. Milkman and Stanley Sunderwirth have written a tour de force. Craving for Ecstasy and Natural Highs: A Positive Approach to Mood Alteration . . . is a beautifully written and organized book . . . a thrill ride through the most innovative and insightful perspectives that science and clinical experience have to offer . . . hip and artistic, reflecting a deep understanding of addiction . . . a major contribution to the field; it is must reading." - Howard J. Shaffer, PhD, CAS Editor, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School Director, Division on Addictions, Cambridge Health Alliance "Reading this book is in itself and ecstatic experience! . . . a fascinating journey that explores the benefits and risks of pleasure and the universal desire to feel good . . . It's quite a trip." - G. Alan Marlatt, PhD, University of Washington People from all walks of life often lose themselves in pursuing counterfeit pleasures--cigarettes, alcohol, drugs, thrill seeking, sex, food, gambling, and on-line fantasies to name just a few. How does the pursuit of pleasure result in compulsion and loss of control? Craving for Ecstasy and Natural Highs addresses this fundamental question and then explores positive ways to achieve lasting happiness and fulfillment. Readers will gain important insight on how to improve their own quality of life and will learn how to offer support to clients, students, family, and friends whose lives may be compromised by hedonic dependencies. Students of addictive behaviors and anyone interested in discovering healthy means to satisfy the drive to alter consciousness will find this book compelling. Reviews of previous work: "The chemistry and psychology of addiction are described with considerable insight. . . . These authors know their stuff and make a compelling case." - The Los Angeles Times "The authors provide a valuable service by placing into perspective a large array of behaviors that could be considered addictive." - JAMA

Psychobiological Issues in Substance Use and Misuse

Psychobiological Issues in Substance Use and Misuse
Author: Philip N. Murphy
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2020-12-29
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1000336417

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In this book, Murphy brings together a team of international experts to review cutting-edge scientific literature from the field of psychobiology and related disciplines which addresses important questions and broadens our understanding of substance use behaviours. The reader is introduced to the multi-faceted nature of substance use and misuse, and its growing need to be discussed across diverse disciplines and perspectives. The book also addresses important questions regarding public policy and professional practice in the context of different social and cultural environments, and comments on the methodological and ethical issues in substance use and misuse. Chapters explore a spectrum of substances, which include: cocaine, alcohol, ecstasy (MDMA), methamphetamine, synthetic cannabinoids, tobacco, ketamine, novel psychoactive substances, and vaping products. The use of these substances poses important questions for science and for society. This book is written to help academics, practitioners, and students in a variety of academic and professional disciplines answer those questions while staying up to date with the psychobiological literature. This is a vital resource for professionals and upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate students undertaking research in areas related to biological psychology, biology, health studies, and medicine.

Pursuit of Ecstasy

Pursuit of Ecstasy
Author: Jerome Beck
Publisher: SUNY Press
Total Pages: 258
Release: 1994-01-01
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 9780791418178

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The authors have produced the first "on the ground" study (not just clinical or chemical) of MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), or "ecstasy" as it is frequently designated. A psychoactive substance related to both the amphetamines and mescaline, MDMA has become popular in recent years as one of the new "designer" drugs. First used in therapeutic treatment, its recreational or street use has increased in recent years. The authors track the efforts (with psychiatrists and researchers in opposition) of the DEA to ban the drug.

The Routledge International Handbook of Psychobiology

The Routledge International Handbook of Psychobiology
Author: Philip N. Murphy
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 1253
Release: 2018-06-14
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1317283988

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The Routledge International Handbook of Psychobiology provides authoritative, cutting-edge research across the range of areas that fall under the umbrella of psychobiology. The handbook comprises 30 chapters which are organized into seven sections: the physical environment; how psychobiological processes regulate how we respond and cope; stress and anxiety; managing and enhancing mood and cognition; substance use and misuse; sleep; and psychobiology and human development. Each of the chapters is authored by experienced and active researchers in their field who provide authoritative reviews of the latest developments in psychobiology. It is essential reading for both established researchers in the field of psychobiology, as well as advanced students wishing to learn more about both the historical foundations and latest developments in this rapidly growing field.

The Effects of Drug Abuse on the Human Nervous System

The Effects of Drug Abuse on the Human Nervous System
Author: Bertha Madras
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 625
Release: 2013-11-15
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0124186858

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Drug use and abuse continues to thrive in contemporary society worldwide and the instance and damage caused by addiction increases along with availability. The Effects of Drug Abuse on the Human Nervous System presents objective, state-of-the-art information on the impact of drug abuse on the human nervous system, with each chapter offering a specific focus on nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA, sedative-hypnotics, and designer drugs. Other chapters provide a context for drug use, with overviews of use and consequences, epidemiology and risk factors, genetics of use and treatment success, and strategies to screen populations and provide appropriate interventions. The book offers meaningful, relevant and timely information for scientists, health-care professionals and treatment providers. A comprehensive reference on the effects of drug addiction on the human nervous system Focuses on core drug addiction issues from nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, and other commonly abused drugs Includes foundational science chapters on the biology of addiction Details challenges in diagnosis and treatment options

Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience

Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience
Author: Jerry J. Buccafusco
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 341
Release: 2000-08-29
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1420041819

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Using the most well-studied behavioral analyses of animal subjects to promote a better understanding of the effects of disease and the effects of new therapeutic treatments on human cognition, Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience provides a reference manual for molecular and cellular research scientists in both academia and the pharmaceutic

MDMA Case Study. A Case for Decriminalization Or Prohibition?

MDMA Case Study. A Case for Decriminalization Or Prohibition?
Author: Alexander Syder
Publisher:
Total Pages: 20
Release: 2015-09-16
Genre:
ISBN: 9783668046887

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Essay from the year 2015 in the subject Medicine - Neurology, Psychiatry, Addiction, grade: Merit, Sheffield Hallam University (Sheffield Hallam University), course: MSc Psychology, language: English, abstract: MDMA has become one of the most popular, recreational drugs in the westernized world. Although the use of MDMA has become increasingly widespread, there exists a serious debate amongst the psychiatric researchers as to whether MDMA (ecstasy) is a potentially dangerous and lethal drug to the individual using the substance. There is however an opposing argument amongst a group of researchers that MDMA has therapeutic benefits that can be used for self-healing, alleviating social anxiety and problems with social integration in a psychotherapeutic environment. The media and state politicians in western countries have however been pursuing a discourse of promoting MDMA as the same status as cocaine and heroin, with the same psychological and physiological properties; the reason is partially political with the populist stance of political parties to be seen as tough on drugs, often referred to as the 'War on Drugs' coined by President Nixon in 1971. There is a divide therefore on the issue of MDMA as to whether this is a debate on the nature of the drug and its effects. Studies have been aimed at defining ecstasy from a premise of whether the effects are bad or good, studies leaning towards one of the observations typically rather than allowing for equal debate; the research can become political as opposed to unbiased scientific research, as Meyer's (2013) argues research into ecstasy has come from its most vociferous detractors and the most ardent supporters. The studies of beneficial effects are nonetheless increasingly limited, with little opportunity to test this proposed hypothesis. For instance in the US, the DEA has categorized MDMA as a Schedule 1 drug, a drug that through its classification is considered incredibly dangerous with high federal pen