Protein-Calorie Malnutrition

Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Author: Robert Olson
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 495
Release: 2012-12-02
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0323148174
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Protein-Calorie Malnutrition reviews the state of knowledge of metabolic phenomena in the syndromes embraced by the general term protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM), and places this new knowledge in perspective with the traditional descriptions of kwashiorkar and marasmus. The clarification it provides constitutes a benchmark for design of future programs of prevention, therapy, rehabilitation, research, or teaching. Highly noteworthy are the new advances in amino acid and protein metabolism; the enlightening evidence concerning lysine and carnitine; the evidences of derangements or deficiencies of the broad spectrum of nutrients from carbohydrates to vitamins and minerals; and the implications of these for recovery and therapy. This book includes papers on the following: the impact of age on amino acid requirements; the mechanisms of adaptation to low-protein intakes; the metabolic consequences of essential amino acid deficiency in higher animals; carbohydrate metabolism; vitamin deficiencies associated with PCM; and mineral metabolism in PCM. Other studies deal with the effects of malnutrition on endocrine function; liver function in PCM; the synergistic interaction of malnutrition and infection; and the treatment and prevention of PCM.

Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children

Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 442
Release: 2013
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9241548371
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The Pocket Book is for use by doctors nurses and other health workers who are responsible for the care of young children at the first level referral hospitals. This second edition is based on evidence from several WHO updated and published clinical guidelines. It is for use in both inpatient and outpatient care in small hospitals with basic laboratory facilities and essential medicines. In some settings these guidelines can be used in any facilities where sick children are admitted for inpatient care. The Pocket Book is one of a series of documents and tools that support the Integrated Managem.

Optimizing Health Monitoring Systems With Wireless Technology

Optimizing Health Monitoring Systems With Wireless Technology
Author: Wickramasinghe, Nilmini
Publisher: IGI Global
Total Pages: 338
Release: 2020-12-11
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1522560688
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The digital transformation of healthcare delivery is in full swing. Health monitoring is increasingly becoming more effective, efficient, and timely through mobile devices that are now widely available. This, as well as wireless technology, is essential to assessing, diagnosing, and treating medical ailments. However, systems and applications that boost wellness must be properly designed and regulated in order to protect the patient and provide the best care. Optimizing Health Monitoring Systems With Wireless Technology is an essential publication that focuses on critical issues related to the design, development, and deployment of wireless technology solutions for healthcare and wellness. Highlighting a broad range of topics including solution evaluation, privacy and security, and policy and regulation, this book is ideally designed for clinicians, hospital directors, hospital managers, consultants, health IT developers, healthcare providers, engineers, software developers, policymakers, researchers, academicians, and students.

Protein-Calorie Malnutrition

Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Author: A. v. Muralt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 203
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642879691
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Hunger is the world problem Nr 1, overshadowed by an uncontrollable explosion of the human population all over our planet. Lack of food has been one of the most primitive dangers, which animal life had to face at every stage of its evolution. The living body developed in the course of this evolution special emergency reactions against this danger, which is characterised by a lack of food calories, a lack of nitrogen in the form of proteins, a lack of vitamins and oligo elements. Based on an intricate physiological defense pattern man can support complete starvation up to one month, by using up the substance of less important organs in order to maintain the functional matrix of the important organs, mainly the brain and the nervous system. This regulation and the pattern of its mechanisms are of great interest to the physiologist who is aware that they are also responsible for the maintenance of life among millions of human beings who desperately live in a state of permanent hunger. The most serious problem in many developing countries is not the supply of calories (mainly carbohydrate calories) or the supply of vitamins and oligo elements, but the supply of a sufficient amount of protein in order to overcome the protein-calorie malnutrition. This problem must be considered as the most urgent one among all the other problems in the fight against hunger.

Nutrition, Immunity, and Infection

Nutrition, Immunity, and Infection
Author: Philip C. Calder
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 555
Release: 2017-10-10
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1482253984
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Both nutrition deficiency and overnutrition can have a significant effect on the risk of infection. Nutrition, Immunity, and Infection focuses on the influence of diet on the immune system and how altering one’s diet helps prevent and treat infections and chronic diseases. This book reviews basic immunology and discusses changes in immune function throughout the life course. It features comprehensive chapters on obesity and the role of immune cells in adipose tissue; undernutrition and malnutrition; infant immune maturation; pre- and probiotics; mechanisms of immune regulation by various vitamins and minerals; nutrition and the aging immune system; nutrition interactions with environmental stress; and immunity in the global health arena. Nutrition, Immunity, and Infection describes the various roles of nutrients and other food constituents on immune function, host defense, and resistance to infection. It describes the impact of infection on nutritional status through a translational approach. Chapters bring together molecular, cellular, and experimental studies alongside human trials so that readers can assess both the evidence for the effects of the food component being discussed and the mechanisms underlying those effects. The impact of specific conditions including obesity, anorexia nervosa, and HIV infection is also considered. Chapter authors are experts in nutrition, immunity, and infection from all around the globe, including Europe, Australia, Brazil, India, and the United States. This book is a valuable resource for nutrition scientists, food scientists, dietitians, health practitioners, and students interested in nutrition and immunity.

Malnutrition in the Elderly

Malnutrition in the Elderly
Author: W.O. Seiler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 132
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3642470734
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H. B. Stahelin "Under-or malnutrition is a frequent and serious problem in geriatric patients" (8). Today there is no doubt that malnutrition contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in the aged. The immune function is impaired, the risk for falls and fractures increases, in acute illness, recovery is delayed, and complications are frequent. Acute and chronic illnesses lead to a catabolic metabolism and hence increase the signs and symptoms of malnutrition. Cytokines related to inflamma tion block the synthesis of albumin and shift protein synthesis to acute phase pro teins. The activation of the ubiquitine-proteasome pathway leads to a degradation of muscle protein, which leads to an additional loss of muscle mass which occurs as age-dependent sarcopenia, and adds to the already existing frailty (2, 4). It is often difficult to decide to what extent the metabolic alterations result from malnutrition or concomitant illness. Psychological factors contribute as a circulus vitiosus significantly to anorexia and, thus, aggravate the condition. They are the most important causes of failure to thrive in old age (7). It is evident that next to the therapy of the underlying illness, an adequate support with calorie and nutrient intake over weeks becomes essen tial under these conditions. Clear-cut improvements are often only seen after 6 or more weeks. Besides a clinical, clearly visible malnutrition, selective nutrient deficits are much more frequent. Numerous and highly different mechanisms may lead to a marginal or insufficient supply with micronutrients.

Nutrition Guide for Clinicians

Nutrition Guide for Clinicians
Author: Neal D. Barnard
Publisher: Pcrm
Total Pages: 745
Release: 2009
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780966408171
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Designed by medical professionals, this manual is a comprehensive, portable medical reference that covers nearly one hundred diseases and conditions, including risk factors, diagnoses, and typical treatments. Most importantly, it provides the latest evidence-based information on nutrition's role in prevention and treatment.

Textbook of Post-ICU Medicine

Textbook of Post-ICU Medicine
Author: Robert D. Stevens
Publisher: Academic
Total Pages: 649
Release: 2014
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0199653461
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Surviving critical illness is not always the happy ending that we imagine for patients. Intensive care unit (ICU) teams have traditionally focused on short term goals such as stabilizing or reversing organ system dysfunction, with little understanding of what became of patients once they left the ICU. However, research conducted in recent years has demonstrated that many ICU survivors can suffer from ill health and mental health issues for months or years to follow. The Textbook of Post-ICU Medicine: The Legacy of Critical Care identifies the long term outcomes of ICU and the steps that can be taken to improve patients' health and wellbeing. Describing the major clinical syndromes affecting ICU survivors, the book delineates established or postulated biological mechanisms of the post-acute recovery process, and discusses strategies for treatment and rehabilitation to promote recovery in the ICU and in the long term. The book serves as a unique reference for general practitioners, internists and nurses caring for long term ICU survivors as well as specialists in intensive care medicine, neurology, psychiatry, and rehabilitation medicine.

The Role of Nutrition in Maintaining Health in the Nation's Elderly

The Role of Nutrition in Maintaining Health in the Nation's Elderly
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 383
Release: 2000-06-09
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309068460
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Malnutrition and obesity are both common among Americans over age 65. There are also a host of other medical conditions from which older people and other Medicare beneficiaries suffer that could be improved with appropriate nutritional intervention. Despite that, access to a nutrition professional is very limited. Do nutrition services benefit older people in terms of morbidity, mortality, or quality of life? Which health professionals are best qualified to provide such services? What would be the cost to Medicare of such services? Would the cost be offset by reduced illness in this population? This book addresses these questions, provides recommendations for nutrition services for the elderly, and considers how the coverage policy should be approached and practiced. The book discusses the role of nutrition therapy in the management of a number of diseases. It also examines what the elderly receive in the way of nutrition services along the continuum of care settings and addresses the areas of expertise needed by health professionals to provide appropriate nutrition services and therapy.