Promoting Cardiovascular Disease Risk Screening in Primary Care

Promoting Cardiovascular Disease Risk Screening in Primary Care
Author: Andrew Decker
Publisher:
Total Pages: 109
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:

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Background: Despite significant modern-day advances in healthcare, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one killer in the United States and throughout the world. Many who do not succumb to a heart attack or stroke are left debilitated, and likely to experience a future event. The financial burden of CVD is significant and on the rise. The numbers of procedures and invasive surgeries performed to manage advanced disease are staggering. Primary care providers are well-positioned to initiate risk-reduction therapies, but many times fail to do so. Discussions about risk factors and treatment options are far-too often neglected. Better identification and management of at-risk individuals is needed in the primary care setting. Strategies should target patients and providers. EBP Framework: Stetler's Model od Evidence-Based Practice, Lewin's Change Theory, and Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory guided the implementation of the American College of Cardiology's ASCVD Risk Estimator Plus (ASCVDREP) in a primary care setting. The literature supports a global risk assessment strategy that considers the synergistic effects of all risk factors. The provision of risk scores enhances risk perceptions and encourages clinician-patient discussions. These discussions serve to promote medication intervention, boost patient engagement, increase medication adherence, and benefit the patient-clinician relationship. Methods: A variety of strategies were devised to encourage patients and clinicians to utilize the ASCVDREP. A luncheon and presentation were prepared, along with posters, flyers, and risk assessment forms. Stakeholders and change agents were targeted to promote participation and sustained change. Readiness for change among clinicians was a concern addressed by the recruitment and involvement of all staff members to assist in implementation of the ASCVDREP. Frequent communication between the project manager and clinic staff was maintained throughout via phone calls, text messages, and frequent clinic visits. Clinicians' perceptions of the ASCVDREP were assessed via a post-implementation clinician survey. Findings/Results: Increasing the overall prevalence of global CVD risk screening was a primary outcome measure. Patient risk was stratified into low, borderline, intermediate, and high-risk categories; and medication intervention between risk groups was assessed and compared. Patients in the intermediate risk group were most likely to receive medication intervention. Screening identified patients with uncontrolled risk factors who could benefit from more aggressive risk reduction strategies, namely blood pressure-lowering, cholesterol-lowering, and daily asprin therapies. Conclusion/Recommendations: The literature supports global CVD risk assessment in the primary care setting. More aggressive risk-reduction therapies to manage CVD risk are needed. The ASCVDREP aided clinicians in the stratification of patient risk and may have increased the initiation and/or intensification of risk-reduction therapies. Clinicians agreed the ASCVDREP beneiftted patient education, risk perceptions, and possibly medication adherence.

Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World

Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 483
Release: 2010-06-29
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309157617

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD), once thought to be confined primarily to industrialized nations, has emerged as a major health threat in developing countries. Cardiovascular disease now accounts for nearly 30 percent of deaths in low and middle income countries each year, and is accompanied by significant economic repercussions. Yet most governments, global health institutions, and development agencies have largely overlooked CVD as they have invested in health in developing countries. Recognizing the gap between the compelling evidence of the global CVD burden and the investment needed to prevent and control CVD, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) turned to the IOM for advice on how to catalyze change. In this report, the IOM recommends that the NHLBI, development agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and governments work toward two essential goals: creating environments that promote heart healthy lifestyle choices and help reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and building public health infrastructure and health systems with the capacity to implement programs that will effectively detect and reduce risk and manage CVD. To meet these goals, the IOM recommends several steps, including improving cooperation and collaboration; implementing effective and feasible strategies; and informing efforts through research and health surveillance. Without better efforts to promote cardiovascular health, global health as a whole will be undermined.

Hyperlipidemia in Primary Care

Hyperlipidemia in Primary Care
Author: Matthew J. Sorrentino
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 233
Release: 2011-08-04
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1603275029

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Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death for men and women in this country, surpassing deaths due to all cancers combined. Better awareness of heart disease risk factors and improved treatment modalities has produced great progress in reducing deaths due to myocardial infarction and stroke over the past few decades. Still, more progress is needed, as about half of all first coronary events occur in individuals who have no cardiac symptoms and no previously diagnosed heart disease. The primary care physician, therefore, has an important role in identifying at risk individuals and beginning preventive modalities. In Hyperlipidemia in Primary Care: A Practical Guide to Risk Reduction, a group of leading authorities in the field offers a comprehensive overview of the problem along with practical strategies for treating it. This unique title reviews methods for assessing risk in patients, including an important and thorough discussion of the Framingham algorithm and its limitations and advantages in assessing CVD risk. The book also reviews the evolving world of lipidology and how to apply many of the newer lipid tests to patients in daily practice, putting these tests into proper perspective and offering a rational approach to using them in practice. Finally, treatment issues are covered. As treatment has expanded to more risk groups, a number of different guidelines have been published with recommended lipid goals. This is an evolving area of research with rapidly changing guidelines that are expanding the pool of high risk patients. An invaluable reference that offers a reasonable approach to risk assessment and treatment of individuals at increased cardiovascular risk, Hyperlipidemia in Primary Care: A Practical Guide to Risk Reduction provides the background needed to make scientifically based decisions that can ultimately help greatly reduce the number of patients impacted by cardiovascular disease.

Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Author: Michael J. Wilkinson
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 279
Release: 2021-08-13
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3030781771

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This book discusses all aspects of non-pharmacologic approaches to primary and secondary CVD prevention. It highlights the strength of evidence for particular diet styles in CVD prevention, including plant-based diets, the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, and low-carbohydrate diets. Chapters present evidence and future directions for diet and nutrition in diseases related to CVD, such as dyslipidemia, cardiometabolic disease (pre-diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes mellitus), and obesity. Finally, the book reviews novel and emerging aspects of dietary intervention in CVD prevention, such as dietary approaches to inflammation and the role of the microbiome in CVD. Up-to-date, evidence-based, and clinically oriented, Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: Nutritional and Dietary Approaches is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, and medical students in cardiology, clinical nutrition, family medicine, endocrinology, and lipidology.

The Early Cadiovascular Disease Risk Screening and Cardiac Health Promotion in Armentians

The Early Cadiovascular Disease Risk Screening and Cardiac Health Promotion in Armentians
Author: Yervand Topchyan
Publisher:
Total Pages: 72
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally. Ethnic and racial minorities, who are considered underserved populations, shoulder a high incidence of CVD because of disparities such as decreased access to healthcare, lack of education, and lack of health literacy. Primary prevention is one way of reducing CVD risk in these underserved populations. Armenians living in Glendale, California are a minority and underserved population, with additional cultural and genetic influences that put them at high risk of CVD. Evidence-Based Framework: The Early Cardiovascular Disease Risk Screening and Cardiac Health Promotion in Armenians project introduced CVD screening, education, and promoted cardiac health to a small sample of Armenians in Glendale, increasing cardiac health knowledge and promoting health behavior modification. This project used Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations as its theoretical framework. It also used the Stetler Model as the evidence-based practice model to guide the application of research findings into practice. Methods: The objectives of this project were as follows: in Armenians between the ages of 25 to 40 years who received early CVD risk screening, education, and cardiac health promotion campaign versus those without will increase cardiac health knowledge and promote health behavior modification in one month. This project was carried out at a local auditorium with 23 Armenian volunteer participants in three hours. The event included the ABCD Risk questionnaire as the pretest and posttest, educational presentation, and educational materials. The CVD risk of participants was calculated using QRISK and evaluation of the findings was analyzed using the difference between the pretest and posttest ABCD Risk Questionnaire responses using the paired t-test. Results: Findings of this community systems change project show statistically significant evidence to imply that a CVD risk screening, education, and health promotion campaign does increase the knowledge of CVD risk and promotes heart healthy behavior modification within a small sample of Armenians in Glendale. These findings were compared to the themes found in the literature review included in this manuscript. These themes include: risky behavior modification improves mortality and morbidity, increased risk of CVD in Armenians, and education and other culturally appropriate interventions help with health behavior modification in a community. Conclusion: The utilization of a health screening, education, and health promotion campaign is a good method to increase the rate of high-risk patients taking action in modifying their health behaviors. This project increased the evidence that this is true for a small sample of Armenians in Glendale. Author's recommendation includes implementing this project in a clinical setting in the future, for increased participation and improved data collection.

Public Health Approach to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention & Management

Public Health Approach to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention & Management
Author: Dorairaj Prabhakaran
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 270
Release: 2022-12-29
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1000814742

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Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death and disability globally, being the most important public health problem that needs to be tackled as more people die annually from CVDs than from any other cause. Over three-quarters of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries. This book on cardiovascular diseases provides an overview of the global and regional challenges associated with CVDs. Coupled with case studies and theoretical concepts, it helps the reader to contextualize CVDs in the broader public health system and the administrative aspects of practicing CVD control approaches for improved population health in their local setting. Key Features:1. Covers existing and emerging issues in cardiovascular disease epidemiology and prevention. 2. Has a multidisciplinary approach in content and audience. 3. Connects with health systems and relevant sustainable development goals. 4. Provides case studies for enabling readers to understand and apply evidence-based solutions to key public health issues. 5. Has inputs from globally renowned public health experts.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 5)

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 5)
Author: Dorairaj Prabhakaran
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 948
Release: 2017-11-17
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1464805202

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Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.

ASPC Manual of Preventive Cardiology

ASPC Manual of Preventive Cardiology
Author: Ezra A. Amsterdam
Publisher: Demos Medical Publishing
Total Pages: 295
Release: 2014-10-23
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1936287862

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Endorsed by the American Society for Preventive Cardiology, this highly practical resource focuses on the application of current guidelines and practice standards in the clinical management of cardiovascular risk factors. The Manual presents concise descriptions of each major cardiovascular risk factor, and practical, to-the-point discussions of current best practices in clinical management. In addition, the Manual includes chapters on peripheral arterial disease, stroke, smoking, contemporary cardiovascular imaging, heart failure, metabolic syndrome, thrombosis, nutrition, special populations, novel risk factors, and psychosocial stress. Throughout the Manual, recommendations are based on the most recent prevention guidelines of the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association, including those on Risk Assessment, Lifestyle Recommendations, Blood Cholesterol, and Obesity, as well as the new guidelines on Hypertension. Chapter authors are recognized leaders in each area of practice, and special efforts have been made by the authors and editors to ensure that the content of all chapters is as up-to-date as possible. Key Features: Presents a highly practical focus on the application of current guidelines and practice standards regarding cardiovascular risk factors Recommendations based on the most recent prevention guidelines Authored by recognized leaders in the field Covers all major cardiovascular risk factors, key methodologies in risk assessment, and special issues regarding specific patient populations

Disease Prevention

Disease Prevention
Author: John Frank
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 299
Release: 2016-07-28
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 019103858X

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Preventive medical interventions and non-medicalised public health programmes that promise health benefits in the future, from actions taken now, carry a strong ethical requirement of 'first, do no harm' or primum non nocere. New preventive advice and interventions are being promoted on a daily basis, Disease Prevention: A Critical Toolkit provides a set of appraisal tools to guide those considering a preventive action to make sure that it is effective (does more good than harm), efficient (is a competitive use of scarce resources), and equitable in its impact across society. Case studies and worked examples illustrate the risks and benefits of specific preventive interventions. Divided into 10 chapters this practical and concise book focuses on multiple aspects of prevention including the hierarchy of preventive options; the assessment of causation; finding and appraising scientific evidence; prevention directed at entire populations (as opposed to individuals); measuring chronic disease risk factors and medically managing them: statin treatment of high cholesterol; PSA screening for prostate cancer; genetic screening for future disease risk; and assessing the health equity implications of prevention. Aimed at front-line public health and primary care professionals, Disease Prevention: A Critical Toolkit will equip them with the up-to-date skills necessary to help them better inform and serve their patients and communities.

Management of Cardiac Problems in Primary Care

Management of Cardiac Problems in Primary Care
Author: Clive Handler
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 323
Release: 2018-04-19
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1498795196

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Clive Handler and Gerry Coghlan have written a book that will become essential reading for the primary care physician managing cardiac problems in the new age of medical practice. In it they give clear, concise and readable information on diagnosis, management and treatment priorities in this most important field of medicine. The book uses current evidence and follows current guidelines to direct the clinician in treating conditions seen every day in general practice. It builds confidence in understanding the role and responsibility in commissioning cardiology specialist care.The narrative is peppered with real patient problems and sections giving advice to patients in layman's language. This book will not only promote the primary care physician's ability to manage problems in-house but also guide the commissioning clinician on putting in place appropriate and efficient specialist services. An excellent text that will be a valuable addition to the libraries of all general practices. Buy more than one copy - clinicians from practice nurses, students and registrars to the most senior doctors will all find it essential reading.