Plant biology or botany is a branch of biology that is concerned with the study of plants. It studies plant structure, growth, metabolism, diseases, systematics and taxonomy. The study of gene expression mechanisms and control in plants, using molecular genetics and epigenetics is also under the scope of this field. Research in botany is significant in the fields of horticulture, agriculture and forestry for the provision of staple foods and materials like oil, rubber, fiber, timber and medicine. It is also applied in the synthesis of chemicals and raw materials for energy production and construction. The study of plant biology also helps in addressing the global environmental issues of resource management, conservation, food security, carbon sequestration, climate change and sustainability. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to plant biology. It provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of botany and related fields. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.