Pricing of Long-Dated Commodity Derivatives with Stochastic Volatility and Stochastic Interest Rates

Pricing of Long-Dated Commodity Derivatives with Stochastic Volatility and Stochastic Interest Rates
Author: Benjamin Cheng
Publisher:
Total Pages: 30
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:

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Aiming to study pricing of long-dated commodity derivatives, this paper presents a class of models within the Heath, Jarrow, and Morton (1992) framework for commodity futures prices that incorporates stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rate and allows a correlation structure between the futures price process, the futures volatility process and the interest rate process. The functional form of the futures price volatility is specified so that the model admits finite dimensional realisations and retains affine representations, henceforth quasi-analytical European futures option pricing formulae can be obtained. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the correlation between the interest rate process and the futures price process has noticeable impact on the prices of long-dated futures options, while the correlation between the interest rate process and the futures price volatility process does not impact option prices. Furthermore, when interest rates are negatively correlated with futures prices then option prices are more sensitive to the volatility of interest rates, an effect that is more pronounced with longer maturity options.

Pricing and Hedging of Long-dated Commodity Derivatives

Pricing and Hedging of Long-dated Commodity Derivatives
Author: Benjamin Tin Chun Cheng
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2017
Genre: Commodity exchanges
ISBN:

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Commodity markets have grown substantially over the last decade and significantly contribute to all major financial sectors such as hedge funds, investment funds and insurance. Crude oil derivatives, in particular, are the most actively traded commodity derivative in which the market for long-dated contracts have tripled over the last 10 years. Given the rapid development and increasing importance of long-dated commodity derivatives contracts, models that can accurately evaluate and hedge this type of contracts become of critical importance. The main contributions of this thesis include: Pricing of long-dated commodity derivatives with stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rates; Empirical pricing performance on long-dated crude oil derivatives; Hedging of futures options with stochastic interest rates; and Empirical hedging performance on long-dated crude oil derivatives.

Relative Pricing of Options with Stochastic Volatility

Relative Pricing of Options with Stochastic Volatility
Author: Olivier Ledoit
Publisher:
Total Pages: 11
Release: 1998
Genre:
ISBN:

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This paper offers a new approach for pricing options on assets with stochastic volatility. We start by constructing the quot;surfacequot; of Black-Scholes implied volatilities for (readily observable) liquid, European call options with varying strike prices and maturities. Then, we show that the implied volatility of an at-the-money call option with time-to-maturity going tozero is equal to the underlying asset's instantaneous (stochastic) volatility. We then model the stochastic processes followed by the implied volatilities of options of all maturities and strike prices jointly with the stock price, and find a no-arbitrage condition that their drift must satisfy. Finally, we use the resulting arbitrage-free joint process for the stock price and its volatility to price other derivatives, such as standard but illiquid options as well as exotic options using numerical methods. The great advantage of our approach is that, when pricing these other derivatives, we are secure in the knowledge that the model values the hedging instruments - namely the stock and the simple, liquid options - consistently with the market. Our approach can easily be extended to allow for stochastic interest rates and a stochastic dividend yield, which may be particularly relevant to the pricing of currency and commodity options. We can also extend our model to price bond options when the term structure of interest rates has stochastic volatility.

Non-Parametric Pricing of Long-Dated Volatility Derivatives Under Stochastic Interest Rates

Non-Parametric Pricing of Long-Dated Volatility Derivatives Under Stochastic Interest Rates
Author: Mark S. Joshi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 25
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

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Although the effect of interest rate stochasticity can safely be ignored for short-dated exchange traded volatility derivatives, this is not the case for the kind of long-dated OTC derivatives often used by insurance companies and other financial institutions. We therefore extend existing model-free results for the pricing of variance swaps and more general volatility derivatives to account for stochastic interest rates, given certain independence and continuity assumptions. Finally, we present empirical examples to highlight the potential significance of this effect on long term contracts.

Pricing Long-Maturity Equity and FX Derivatives with Stochastic Interest Rates and Stochastic Volatility

Pricing Long-Maturity Equity and FX Derivatives with Stochastic Interest Rates and Stochastic Volatility
Author: Alexander van Haastrecht
Publisher:
Total Pages: 28
Release: 2011
Genre:
ISBN:

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In this paper we extend the stochastic volatility model of Schouml;bel and Zhu (1999) by including stochastic interest rates. Furthermore we allow all driving model factors to be instantaneously correlated with each other, i.e. we allow for a correlation between the instantaneous interest rates, the volatilities and the underlying stock returns. By deriving the characteristic function of the log-asset price distribution, we are able to price European stock options in closed-form by Fourier inversion. Furthermore we present a Foreign Exchange generalization and show how the pricing of Forward-starting options like cliquets can be performed. Additionally we discuss the practical implementation of these new models.

Financial Derivatives Pricing

Financial Derivatives Pricing
Author: Robert A. Jarrow
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 609
Release: 2008
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9812819207

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This book is a collection of original papers by Robert Jarrow that contributed to significant advances in financial economics. Divided into three parts, Part I concerns option pricing theory and its foundations. The papers here deal with the famous Black-Scholes-Merton model, characterizations of the American put option, and the first applications of arbitrage pricing theory to market manipulation and liquidity risk.Part II relates to pricing derivatives under stochastic interest rates. Included is the paper introducing the famous Heath?Jarrow?Morton (HJM) model, together with papers on topics like the characterization of the difference between forward and futures prices, the forward price martingale measure, and applications of the HJM model to foreign currencies and commodities.Part III deals with the pricing of financial derivatives considering both stochastic interest rates and the likelihood of default. Papers cover the reduced form credit risk model, in particular the original Jarrow and Turnbull model, the Markov model for credit rating transitions, counterparty risk, and diversifiable default risk.

Stochastic Models for Prices Dynamics in Energy and Commodity Markets

Stochastic Models for Prices Dynamics in Energy and Commodity Markets
Author: Fred Espen Benth
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2023-11-16
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3031403673

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This monograph presents a theory for random field models in time and space, viewed as stochastic processes with values in a Hilbert space, to model the stochastic dynamics of forward and futures prices in energy, power, and commodity markets. In this book, the well-known Heath–Jarrow–Morton approach from interest rate theory is adopted and extended into an infinite-dimensional framework, allowing for flexible modeling of price stochasticity across time and along the term structure curve. Various models are introduced based on stochastic partial differential equations with infinite-dimensional Lévy processes as noise drivers, emphasizing random fields described by low-dimensional parametric covariance functions instead of classical high-dimensional factor models. The Filipović space, a separable Hilbert space of Sobolev type, is found to be a convenient state space for the dynamics of forward and futures term structures. The monograph provides a classification of important operators in this space, covering covariance operators and the stochastic modeling of volatility term structures, including the Samuelson effect. Fourier methods are employed to price many derivatives of interest in energy, power, and commodity markets, and sensitivity 'delta' expressions can be derived. Additionally, the monograph covers forward curve smoothing, the connection between forwards with fixed delivery and delivery period, as well as the classical theory of forward and futures pricing. This monograph will appeal to researchers and graduate students interested in mathematical finance and stochastic analysis applied in the challenging markets of energy, power, and commodities. Practitioners seeking sophisticated yet flexible and analytically tractable risk models will also find it valuable.

Commodity Derivatives

Commodity Derivatives
Author: Zaizhi Wang
Publisher:
Total Pages: 139
Release: 2011
Genre:
ISBN:

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Commodity prices have been rising at an unprecedented pace over the last years making commodity derivatives more and more popular in many sectors like energy, metals and agricultural products. The quick development of commodity market as well as commodity derivative market results in a continuously uprising demand of accuracy and consistency in commodity derivative modeling and pricing. The specification of commodity modeling is often reduced to an appropriate representation of convenience yield, intrinsic seasonality and mean reversion of commodity price. As a matter of fact, convenience yield can be extracted from forward strip curve and then be added as a drift term into pricing models such as Black Scholes model, local volatility model and stochastic volatility model. Besides those common models, some specific commodity models specially emphasize on the importance of convenience yield, seasonality or mean reversion feature. By giving the stochasticity to convenience yield, Gibson Schwartz model interprets the term structure of convenience yield directly in its model parameters, which makes the model extremely popular amongst researchers and market practitioners in commodity pricing. Gabillon model, in the other hand, focuses on the feature of seasonality and mean reversion, adding a stochastic long term price to correlate spot price. In this thesis, we prove that there is mathematical equivalence relation between Gibson Schwartz model and Gabillon model. Moreover, inspired by the idea of Gyöngy, we show that Gibson Schwartz model and Gabillon model can reduce to one-factor model with explicitly calculated marginal distribution under certain conditions, which contributes to find the analytic formulas for forward and vanilla options. Some of these formulas are new to our knowledge and other formulas confirm with the earlier results of other researchers. Indeed convenience yield, seasonality and mean reversion play a very important role, but for accurate pricing, hedging and risk management, it is also critical to have a good modeling of the dynamics of volatility in commodity markets as this market has very fluctuating volatility dynamics. While the formers (seasonality, mean reversion and convenience yield) have been highly emphasized in the literature on commodity derivatives pricing, the latter (the dynamics of the volatility) has often been forgotten. The family of stochastic volatility model is introduced to strengthen the dynamics of the volatility, capturing the dynamic smile of volatility surface thanks to a stochastic process on volatility itself. It is a very important characteristic for pricing derivatives of long maturity. Stochastic volatility model also corrects the problem of opposite underlying-volatility correlation against market data in many other models by introducing correlation parameter explicitly. The most popular stochastic volatility models include Heston model, Piterbarg model, SABR model, etc. As pointed out by Piterbarg, the need of time-dependent parameters in stochastic volatility models is real and serious. It is because in one hand stochastic volatility models with constant parameters are generally incapable of fitting market prices across option expiries, and in the other hand exotics do not only depend on the distribution of the underlying at the expiry, but on its dynamics through all time. This contradiction implies the necessity of time-dependent parameters. In this thesis, we extend Piterbarg's idea to the whole family of stochastic volatility model, making all the stochastic volatility models having time-dependent parameters and show various formulas for vanilla option price by employing various techniques such as characteristic function, Fourier transform, small error perturbation, parameter averaging, etc.

Derivatives, Risk Management & Value

Derivatives, Risk Management & Value
Author: Mondher Bellalah
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 996
Release: 2009-05-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9812838627

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This book covers fundamental concepts in financial markets and asset pricing such as hedging, arbitrage, speculation in different markets, classical models for pricing of simple and complex derivatives, mathematical foundations, managing and monitoring portfolios of derivatives in real time, etc. It explains different applications of these concepts using real world examples. The book also covers topics like financial markets and instruments, option pricing models, option pricing theory, exotic derivatives, second generation options, etc.Written in a simple manner and amply supported by real world examples, questions and exercises, the book will be of interest to students, academics and practitioners alike.