Presumption of Guilt: How the Kids for Cash Scandal Trampled Justice

Presumption of Guilt: How the Kids for Cash Scandal Trampled Justice
Author: Lorna N. Graham
Publisher: Hybrid Global Publishing
Total Pages: 211
Release: 2021-05-21
Genre: True Crime
ISBN: 194818141X

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Presumption of Guilt analyses criminal prosecutions that spawned the notorious “kids for cash” scandal. Although a juvenile judge freely admitted committing fraud in failing to properly account for millions of dollars, prosecutors insisted he had accepted that money in exchange for jailing juveniles. These heinous allegations were presumed to be true, resulting in widespread hysteria. Incredibly, after creating the scandal, prosecutors failed to produce evidence it had ever happened at the judge’s trial. Unfortunately for the judge, by that time “kids for cash” was so ingrained in the public’s conscience that the lack of its proof was meaningless.

Presumption of Guilt

Presumption of Guilt
Author: Lorna N. Graham
Publisher: Hybrid Global Publishing
Total Pages: 354
Release: 2019-05
Genre: True Crime
ISBN: 9781948181402

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Presumption of Guilt analyses the genesis and aftermath of the notorious "kids for cash" scandal. Mark A. Ciavarella, Jr. was an unethical juvenile court county judge who was willing to plead guilty to federal crimes as a result of his failure to properly account for millions of dollars he and his colleague received. However, he vehemently denied government allegations that he accepted that money as a quid pro quo for jailing juvenile delinquents. Nonetheless, media dubbed Ciavarella the "kids for cash judge" and relentlessly covered the ensuing scandal. Pennsylvania officials presumed his guilt and enacted a commission to investigate how to remove the scandal's taint from the Commonwealth's juvenile court system. Crimes committed by juvenile delinquents during the period the scandal supposedly occurred were summarily erased, regardless of the severity of those crimes, leaving thousands of innocent victims devoid of justice. Yet, prosecutors never proved the scandal ever happened. Although the lead prosecutor continued to give it lip service, no evidence was provided. Instead, prosecutors quietly removed the very allegations that had spawned "kids for cash" from the Superseding Indictment at the end of Ciavarella's trial. Ignoring the utter lack of proof of the scandal's existence, media falsely reported that Ciavarella was convicted for his participation in a scheme to jail juveniles for profit. Afterwards prosecutors continued to insist that the scandal was real, referring to those redacted allegations as if they were proven facts. The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit adopted those same unproven, redacted allegations as part of its precedential opinion on the matter. This book demonstrates that fake news is real and the Presumption of Innocence is in jeopardy, especially when heinous allegations are presented. It is a reminder to make the government prove its case before accepting what it alleges. That is something neither the media nor public officials did for Ciavarella.

Kids for Cash

Kids for Cash
Author: William Ecenbarger
Publisher: The New Press
Total Pages: 290
Release: 2012
Genre: History
ISBN: 1595586849

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When thirteen-year-old Matthew appeared in front of Judge Mark Ciavarella for throwing a piece of steak at his mother's boyfriend, he was sentenced to seven weeks at PA Child Care, a private, for-profit juvenile detention center in northeastern Pennsylvania. Angelia was fourteen when she and a friend scrawled "Vote for Michael Jackson" on five stop signs. Charged with vandalism and defacing public property, Angelia was sent by Ciavarella to PA Child Care without her epilepsy medication and suffered a grand mal seizure her second night. Fifteen-year-old Charlie, arrested for unknowingly purchasing a stolen motorbike, was convicted of a felony and sent to PA Child Care for six weeks. Matthew, Angelia, and Charlie are just three children among the thousands who appeared in Ciavarella's courtroom between 2003 and 2008 and were sent away--often with no attorney present and after only cursory hearings--to a detention facility in which, it later came to light, Ciavarella had a personal financial stake. As Kids for Cash reveals, this miscarriage of justice underscores a multitude of problems with our juvenile justice system, which too often criminalizes standard adolescent behavior, treats adolescents more harshly than if they were adults, and denies them their most fundamental constitutional rights. William Ecenbarger, a Pulitzer Prize and George Polk Award-winning investigative journalist who covered the case for the Philadelphia Inquirer, now gives us the first book-length account of this shocking story. In the tradition of true-crime legal thrillers from The Executioner's Song to A Civil Action, Ecenbarger exposes a deeply corrupt and broken system that ruined the lives of many children and ultimately led to the judge's conviction on charges of racketeering, fraud, tax violations, money laundering, extortion, and bribery. Fastidiously researched and utterly propulsive, Kids for Cash takes us deep inside a profoundly flawed legal system, revealing the twisted and haunting realities of America's juvenile justice system.

Bringing Them Home

Bringing Them Home
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2003
Genre: Aboriginal Australians
ISBN:

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One of Ours

One of Ours
Author: Willa Cather
Publisher: e-artnow
Total Pages: 385
Release: 2022-01-04
Genre: Fiction
ISBN:

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Claude Wheeler is a young man who was born after the American frontier has vanished. The son of a successful farmer and an intensely pious mother, Wheeler is guaranteed a comfortable livelihood. Nevertheless, Wheeler views himself as a victim of his father's success and his own inexplicable malaise.Thus, devoid of parental and spousal love, Wheeler finds a new purpose to his life in France, a faraway country that only existed for him in maps before the First World War. Will Wheeler ever succeed in his new goal? The novel is inspired from real-life events and also won the Pulitzer Prize in 1923.

Restorative Justice & Responsive Regulation

Restorative Justice & Responsive Regulation
Author: John Braithwaite
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 334
Release: 2002
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0195158393

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Braithwaite's argument against punitive justice systems and for restorative justice systems establishes that there are good theoretical and empirical grounds for anticipating that well designed restorative justice processes will restore victims, offenders, and communities better than existing criminal justice practices. Counterintuitively, he also shows that a restorative justice system may deter, incapacitate, and rehabilitate more effectively than a punitive system. This is particularly true when the restorative justice system is embedded in a responsive regulatory framework that opts for deterrence only after restoration repeatedly fails, and incapacitation only after escalated deterrence fails. Braithwaite's empirical research demonstrates that active deterrence under the dynamic regulatory pyramid that is a hallmark of the restorative justice system he supports, is far more effective than the passive deterrence that is notable in the stricter "sentencing grid" of current criminal justice systems.

A Taste of Power

A Taste of Power
Author: Elaine Brown
Publisher: Anchor
Total Pages: 481
Release: 2015-05-20
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 1101970103

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"Profound, funny ... wild and moving ... heartbreaking accounts of a lonely black childhood.... Brown sees racial oppression in national and global context; every political word she writes pounds home a lesson about commerce, money, racism, communism, you name it ... A glowing achievement.” —Los Angeles Times Elaine Brown assumed her role as the first and only female leader of the Black Panther Party with these words: “I have all the guns and all the money. I can withstand challenge from without and from within. Am I right, Comrade?” It was August 1974. From a small Oakland-based cell, the Panthers had grown to become a revolutionary national organization, mobilizing black communities and white supporters across the country—but relentlessly targeted by the police and the FBI, and increasingly riven by violence and strife within. How Brown came to a position of power over this paramilitary, male-dominated organization, and what she did with that power, is a riveting, unsparing account of self-discovery. Brown’s story begins with growing up in an impoverished neighborhood in Philadelphia and attending a predominantly white school, where she first sensed what it meant to be black, female, and poor in America. She describes her political awakening during the bohemian years of her adolescence, and her time as a foot soldier for the Panthers, who seemed to hold the promise of redemption. And she tells of her ascent into the upper echelons of Panther leadership: her tumultuous relationship with the charismatic Huey Newton, who would become her lover and her nemesis; her experience with the male power rituals that would sow the seeds of the party's demise; and the scars that she both suffered and inflicted in that era’s paradigm-shifting clashes of sex and power. Stunning, lyrical, and acute, this is the indelible testimony of a black woman’s battle to define herself.

His Natural Life

His Natural Life
Author: Marcus Clarke
Publisher:
Total Pages: 494
Release: 1878
Genre: Australian fiction
ISBN:

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Hard Times

Hard Times
Author: Charles Dickens
Publisher:
Total Pages: 380
Release: 1854
Genre: Authors, English
ISBN:

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Navajo Courts and Navajo Common Law

Navajo Courts and Navajo Common Law
Author: Raymond Darrel Austin
Publisher: U of Minnesota Press
Total Pages: 295
Release: 2009
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0816665354

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The Navajo Nation court system is the largest and most established tribal legal system in the world. Since the landmark 1959 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Williams v. Lee that affirmed tribal court authority over reservation-based claims, the Navajo Nation has been at the vanguard of a far-reaching, transformative jurisprudential movement among Indian tribes in North America and indigenous peoples around the world to retrieve and use traditional values to address contemporary legal issues. A justice on the Navajo Nation Supreme Court for sixteen years, Justice Raymond D. Austin has been deeply involved in the movement to develop tribal courts and tribal law as effective means of modern self-government. He has written foundational opinions that have established Navajo common law and, throughout his legal career, has recognized the benefit of tribal customs and traditions as tools of restorative justice. In Navajo Courts and Navajo Common Law, Justice Austin considers the history and implications of how the Navajo Nation courts apply foundational Navajo doctrines to modern legal issues. He explains key Navajo foundational concepts like Hózhó (harmony), K'é (peacefulness and solidarity), and K'éí (kinship) both within the Navajo cultural context and, using the case method of legal analysis, as they are adapted and applied by Navajo judges in virtually every important area of legal life in the tribe. In addition to detailed case studies, Justice Austin provides a broad view of tribal law, documenting the development of tribal courts as important institutions of indigenous self-governance and outlining how other indigenous peoples, both in North America and elsewhere around the world, can draw on traditional precepts to achieve self-determination and self-government, solve community problems, and control their own futures.