Constraint-based Reasoning

Constraint-based Reasoning
Author: Eugene C. Freuder
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 420
Release: 1994
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780262560757

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Constraint-based reasoning is an important area of automated reasoning in artificial intelligence, with many applications. These include configuration and design problems, planning and scheduling, temporal and spatial reasoning, defeasible and causal reasoning, machine vision and language understanding, qualitative and diagnostic reasoning, and expert systems. Constraint-Based Reasoning presents current work in the field at several levels: theory, algorithms, languages, applications, and hardware. Constraint-based reasoning has connections to a wide variety of fields, including formal logic, graph theory, relational databases, combinatorial algorithms, operations research, neural networks, truth maintenance, and logic programming. The ideal of describing a problem domain in natural, declarative terms and then letting general deductive mechanisms synthesize individual solutions has to some extent been realized, and even embodied, in programming languages. Contents Introduction, E. C. Freuder, A. K. Mackworth * The Logic of Constraint Satisfaction, A. K. Mackworth * Partial Constraint Satisfaction, E. C. Freuder, R. J. Wallace * Constraint Reasoning Based on Interval Arithmetic: The Tolerance Propagation Approach, E. Hyvonen * Constraint Satisfaction Using Constraint Logic Programming, P. Van Hentenryck, H. Simonis, M. Dincbas * Minimizing Conflicts: A Heuristic Repair Method for Constraint Satisfaction and Scheduling Problems, S. Minton, M. D. Johnston, A. B. Philips, and P. Laird * Arc Consistency: Parallelism and Domain Dependence, P. R. Cooper, M. J. Swain * Structure Identification in Relational Data, R. Dechter, J. Pearl * Learning to Improve Constraint-Based Scheduling, M. Zweben, E. Davis, B. Daun, E. Drascher, M. Deale, M. Eskey * Reasoning about Qualitative Temporal Information, P. van Beek * A Geometric Constraint Engine, G. A. Kramer * A Theory of Conflict Resolution in Planning, Q. Yang A Bradford Book.

Managing Organizations for Sport and Physical Activity

Managing Organizations for Sport and Physical Activity
Author: Packianathan Chelladurai
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 786
Release: 2014-04-15
Genre: Sports & Recreation
ISBN: 1351818120

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Managing Organizations for Sport and Physical Activity, fourth edition, presents a clear and concise treatment of managing organizations in sport and physical activity. The four functions of management--planning, organizing, leading, and evaluating--provide a general framework that represents the simplest and best approach for introducing readers to the intricacies of management. For each management function, Chelladurai presents relevant theories and their practical applications, citing those theoretical models that are most appropriate to the unique aspects of the sports industry. He uses the open systems perspective, placing organizations in the context of their environment and emphasizing the manager's role in adapting and reacting to changes in that environment. To apply theory to sport management practices, Chelladurai provides numerous examples from the fields of physical activity and sport, including professional sports, intercollegiate athletics, health and sports clubs, and recreation/fitness programs. New to the Fourth Edition A chapter on service quality, which describes the notion of quality in sport management services--from the local fitness center to the pro sport arena. It also discusses the measurement of service quality and the gaps in translating customer expectations into the desired service. A new feature providing "An Expert's View," which offers additional perspectives on relevant topics contributed by scholars who research and publish in a specific area. New sidebars on current topics relevant to the field of sport management; some examples include US Track and Field's SMART goal setting as well as genes and technology of leadership. Pedagogical Aids Developing Your Perspective. Thought-provoking questions ask learners to apply theoretical information to contexts relevant to them from their current experiences or in their future careers. Managing Your Learning. Key points from each chapter enhance comprehension. Strategic Concepts. Key terms lists provide for a shared vocabulary in discussing the major concepts of management. In Brief. Short summaries of the important points in a section help crystallize concepts. To Recap. Brief boxes revisit key concepts discussed earlier in the book. Extensive references to journals, scholarly texts, and relevant websites.

Handbook of Constraint Programming

Handbook of Constraint Programming
Author: Francesca Rossi
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 977
Release: 2006-08-18
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0080463800

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Constraint programming is a powerful paradigm for solving combinatorial search problems that draws on a wide range of techniques from artificial intelligence, computer science, databases, programming languages, and operations research. Constraint programming is currently applied with success to many domains, such as scheduling, planning, vehicle routing, configuration, networks, and bioinformatics.The aim of this handbook is to capture the full breadth and depth of the constraint programming field and to be encyclopedic in its scope and coverage. While there are several excellent books on constraint programming, such books necessarily focus on the main notions and techniques and cannot cover also extensions, applications, and languages. The handbook gives a reasonably complete coverage of all these lines of work, based on constraint programming, so that a reader can have a rather precise idea of the whole field and its potential. Of course each line of work is dealt with in a survey-like style, where some details may be neglected in favor of coverage. However, the extensive bibliography of each chapter will help the interested readers to find suitable sources for the missing details. Each chapter of the handbook is intended to be a self-contained survey of a topic, and is written by one or more authors who are leading researchers in the area.The intended audience of the handbook is researchers, graduate students, higher-year undergraduates and practitioners who wish to learn about the state-of-the-art in constraint programming. No prior knowledge about the field is necessary to be able to read the chapters and gather useful knowledge. Researchers from other fields should find in this handbook an effective way to learn about constraint programming and to possibly use some of the constraint programming concepts and techniques in their work, thus providing a means for a fruitful cross-fertilization among different research areas.The handbook is organized in two parts. The first part covers the basic foundations of constraint programming, including the history, the notion of constraint propagation, basic search methods, global constraints, tractability and computational complexity, and important issues in modeling a problem as a constraint problem. The second part covers constraint languages and solver, several useful extensions to the basic framework (such as interval constraints, structured domains, and distributed CSPs), and successful application areas for constraint programming. - Covers the whole field of constraint programming- Survey-style chapters- Five chapters on applications

Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming - CP 2006

Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming - CP 2006
Author: Frédéric Benhamou
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 789
Release: 2006-09-26
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3540462678

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, CP 2006, held in Nantes, France in September 2006. The 42 revised full papers and 21 revised short papers presented together with extended abstracts of four invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 142 submissions. All current issues of computing with constraints are addressed.

An Introduction to Constraint-Based Temporal Reasoning

An Introduction to Constraint-Based Temporal Reasoning
Author: Roman Meir
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 107
Release: 2022-05-31
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3031015673

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Solving challenging computational problems involving time has been a critical component in the development of artificial intelligence systems almost since the inception of the field. This book provides a concise introduction to the core computational elements of temporal reasoning for use in AI systems for planning and scheduling, as well as systems that extract temporal information from data. It presents a survey of temporal frameworks based on constraints, both qualitative and quantitative, as well as of major temporal consistency techniques. The book also introduces the reader to more recent extensions to the core model that allow AI systems to explicitly represent temporal preferences and temporal uncertainty. This book is intended for students and researchers interested in constraint-based temporal reasoning. It provides a self-contained guide to the different representations of time, as well as examples of recent applications of time in AI systems.

Principles and Practice of Constraint Programing-CP 2013

Principles and Practice of Constraint Programing-CP 2013
Author: Christian Schulte
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 916
Release: 2013-09-07
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3642406270

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This book constitutes the refereed conference proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2013), held in Uppsala, Sweden, in September 2013. The 61 revised papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully selected from 138 submissions. The scope of the conference is on all aspects of computing with constraints, including: theory, algorithms, environments, languages, models and systems, applications such as decision making, resource allocation, and agreement technologies.

A Short Introduction to Preferences

A Short Introduction to Preferences
Author: Francesca Rossi
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Total Pages: 105
Release: 2011
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1608455866

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Computational social choice is an expanding field that merges classical topics like economics and voting theory with more modern topics like artificial intelligence, multiagent systems, and computational complexity. This book provides a concise introduction to the main research lines in this field, covering aspects such as preference modelling, uncertainty reasoning, social choice, stable matching, and computational aspects of preference aggregation and manipulation. The book is centered around the notion of preference reasoning, both in the single-agent and the multi-agent setting. It presents the main approaches to modeling and reasoning with preferences, with particular attention to two popular and powerful formalisms, soft constraints and CP-nets. The authors consider preference elicitation and various forms of uncertainty in soft constraints. They review the most relevant results in voting, with special attention to computational social choice. Finally, the book considers preferences in matching problems. The book is intended for students and researchers who may be interested in an introduction to preference reasoning and multi-agent preference aggregation, and who want to know the basic notions and results in computational social choice. Table of Contents: Introduction / Preference Modeling and Reasoning / Uncertainty in Preference Reasoning / Aggregating Preferences / Stable Marriage Problems

Constraints on Language Variation and Change in Complex Multilingual Contact Settings

Constraints on Language Variation and Change in Complex Multilingual Contact Settings
Author: Bertus van Rooy
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Total Pages: 301
Release: 2024-07-15
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9027246963

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Constraints on Language Variation and Change in Complex Multilingual Contact Settings explores an innovative proposal: that linguistic similarities identified in different forms of contact-influenced varieties of language use (including translation, native and non-native varieties of English, and language use of bilinguals more generally) can be accounted for in a coherent framework grounded in the notion of ‘constrained communication’. These varieties have hitherto been studied in independent scholarly traditions, especially translation studies and world Englishes, leaving the potential underlying unity underexplored, both conceptually and empirically. The chapters collected in this volume aim to develop such a unified perspective by drawing on corpus data across a range of languages and language varieties, with a focus on written language, a neglected data source in research on multilingual contact settings. The findings point to shared general characteristics across individual contact settings, which result from (probabilistically conditioned) manifestations of the same deeper regularities – constraints – present in diverse language-contact settings.